Agbara Industrial Estate Research Articles

Influence of Leadership Styles and Sex on Work Engagement among Private Sector Workers in Agbara, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study examined the influence of leadership styles and sex on work engagement among employees of randomly selected private organisations in Agbara industrial estate, Ogun State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, simple random and convenience sampling techniques in selecting participating organisations and 303 employees who participated in the study, respectively. These participants consisted of 110(36.3) below 25years of age, 117(38.6%) within 25-34years, 57(18.8%) within 35-44years, 17(5.6%) are within 45-54 years of age, while just 2(.7%) are above 55years; 183(60.4) are single, 105(34.7) are married, while 15(4.9) are divorced. In terms of educational attainment, 188(62.1%) had a Bachelor’s degree and above, 108(35.6%) had a diploma certificate, and 7(2.3%) were working with Senior Secondary School Certificate. In terms of organisational cadre, 10(3.3%), 34(11.2%), 40(13.2%) and 219(72.3%) are of the managerial, supervisory, machine operator and general employee cadre, respectively; 146(48.2%) had worked for less than 10years, 98(32.3) had been engaged in the organisation for between 10-19years, while 59(19.5%) had been in the organisations for 20years and more. Two standardised scales were utilised for data collection; they are a 17-item self-report Utrecht work engagement scale developed by Schaufeli and Bakker (2003) with Cronbach coefficient alpha of 0.93 and a 36-item multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ-5x) scale developed by Bass & Avolio (1995). Two hypotheses were raised and tested, and the results revealed a significant joint influence of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire Leadership styles on work engagement [R² =.301, F= (42.99), P<.05]; independently, transformational leadership [β= .391, t= .6.611; P<.05] and transactional leadership styles [β= .213, t= 2.972; P<.05] had significant independent influence on work engagement, while laissez-faire leadership style [β= -.012, t= -.211; P>.05] had no significant influence on work engagement, therefore the hypothesis was partially accepted. The second hypothesis on sex showed there was no significant influence of sex on work engagement (t = -3.19, df (301). The results were discussed, and recommendations were raised for future studies based on some identified limitations of the study

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in <i>Tilapia zilli</i> Exposed to Industrial Effluents Under Laboratory Conditions

Characterization of the effluents from Agbara Industrial Estate treatment plant showed that the effluents were complex and varied in composition. Though the treatment methods used by the treatment plant (aeration and use of chemicals) made the discharged effluents conform to the effluent discharge requirement in Nigeria. As far as the temperature, PH, level of Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cd were concerned. The color (443.00±12.08Hz, BOD (240.50±10.26mgl^-1), Fe (9.20±1.28mgl^-1) were however above the permissible level of discharge while dissolved oxygen (2.30±0.38mgl^-1) was below the permissible level. Tilapia zilli was found to accumulate heavy metals in the effluent above the what was in the media of exposure. After about eight weeks of exposure, the level of heavy metals in the fish were about 10 times in the exposure media. This is a testimony of the amazing power of T. zilli to concentrate heavy metals in its body. In this study, T. zilli was found to accumulate 275.42mgl^-1 of lead in 40% effluent compared with 88.06 in 10% effluent. After eight weeks of exposure, the heavy metals were 10 times in the fish than the effluent. The amount of heavy metals accumulated were also found to be concentration of effluents and period of fish exposure dependent. In general, the metals were preferably accumulated by T. zilli in the order of Pb>Fe>Cu>Mn>Cd. In the tissues, the heavy metals were accumulated in the order of whole fish>gill>gut>liver>muscles. It is thus not safe to fertilize fish ponds with industrial effluents as this could increase the level of metals in consumers knowing that heavy metals are toxic when above the level recommended in foods.

Management information system and firms’ performance in a developing economy: Evidence from the manufacturing sector in Nigeria

The employment of information system for conceptualisation of information analysis and control as well as decision-making, which depicts management information system (MIS), has aroused the interest of researchers and practitioners. This study examined the effect of MIS on manufacturing firms’ performance in Nigeria, by using two elements of MIS, namely the decision support system (DSS) and the executive information system (EIS). The study employed a survey research design, by administering questionnaires to some selected employees of manufacturing firms at Agbara Industrial Estate, Ogun State, Nigeria. The findings revealed that the two elements of MIS employed for this study (DSS and EIS) have an individual significant positive effect on manufacturing firms’ performance. It concluded that MIS elements (DSS and EIS) are important determinants of manufacturing firms’ performance. It is, therefore, recommended that manufacturing firms should employ MIS elements, particularly DSS and EIS, for the enhancement of their performance. Keywords: Decision support system, executive information system, management information system, manufacturing firms, performance.

Human exposure levels to ionizing radiation in Agbara Industrial Estate: an impact of Industrial activities in Nigeria.

A total of fifty-five soil samples were collected from four locations, namely, residential, industrial, dumpsite, and sewage in Agbara industrial estate, Ogun state, Nigeria. The samples were analyzed using a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) to measure the activity concentration of radionuclides. Background radiation measurements were also taken at each point where soil samples were collected using Geiger Muller (GM) counter. The mean activity concentrations measured in the soil samples were 171.33 for 40K, 9.11 for 232Th, and 5.05 for 226Ra in Bq/kg. The mean absorbed dose rate in the air due to radionuclides (40K, 232Th, and 226Ra) in the soil is calculated to be 14.77 nGy/h, and the mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) is 0.02 mSv/year. The mean equivalent dose rate (EDR) from GM counter for background radiation is 0.22 μSv/h, and the mean annual effective dose rate (AEDR) is 0.39 mSv/year. These values are below the world average values, except EDR and AEDR with mean values higher than the world standard. The comparison of radiation dose rates revealed that radionuclides contributed 6.7% to background radiation. The equivalent dose (EDorgans) for various organs of the body was calculated, and results showed that values do not pose any immediate health hazard. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) due to exposure to background radiation indicated that the dwellers and industrial workers in the study area may develop cancer over a lifetime due to accumulated dose.

Occurrence of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Congener in Surface Water, Sediments and Blackchin Tilapia (<i>Sarotherodon melanotheron</i>) from Ologe Lagoon, Nigeria

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organochlorine chemicals that are toxic to aquatic organisms and humans. PCBs levels were assessed in surface water, sediments and fish from Ologe Lagoon, a major water body receiving treated effluents from Agbara Industrial Estate, using Gas Chromatograph-Electron Capture Detector (GCECD). 2,4,4’-Trichlorobiphenyl (2,4,4’-TCB) was the only PCB congener detected in the assessed matrices. Sediment 2,4,4’-TCB levels ranged from 0.0033±0.00333 to 0.0430 ± 0.00351ng/g. There was a significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation in the levels in sediments and surface water. The level in surface water from Zone 3 was above USEPA’s safe limit (0.0005 mg/L) in the rainy season. There was no significant (p > 0.05) seasonal difference in the mean concentrations of 2,4,4’-TCB in fish, and the levels were lower than WHO’s safe limit (0.2 mg/kg). Based on the negligible to low levels of 2,4,4’-TCB in S. melanotheron inhabiting the lagoon, the fish was considered safe for consumption. Levels of 2,4,4’- TCB found in the sediments and surface water in this study indicate that levels may change with season, therefore, we recommend that the concentrations of the compound are regularly monitored in order to timely avert toxic levels of bioavailable 2,4,4’-TCB in the water body.Keywords: Polychlorinated biphenyls, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Sediments, Surface water.

Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments from Ologe Lagoon, Agbara, Lagos, Nigeria

This study was carried out to assess the level of heavy metals pollution in Ologe Lagoon, Agbara, Lagos, Nigeria. The Lagoon receives effluents from industries in the Agbara Industrial Estate. Cored Soft sediments were retrieved from six random sampling points within the Lagoon and labeled (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6). Subsamples of the sediments were prepared and analyzed for heavy metal concentration. The result from the heavy metal analysis of the sediments shows that average concentration of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu and Pb in the samples was 278.1 ppm, 21.7 ppm, 14.2 ppm, 6.6 ppm, 6.4 ppm, 6.4 ppm and 4.4 ppm, respectively. The correlation between the heavy metals varies from 0.71 to 0.98 shows that they have a strongly positive degree of association which suggests that they are from the same source. The geo-accumulation values for Cu in all stations ranged between (1 - 2.8 ppm) and it can be deduced that the sediments are moderately to strongly polluted. Pb varies between 1 and 2.1 suggesting that the sediments are moderately polluted. Zn exhibits strong pollution levels with a range from 2.5 and 3.5 ppm. Co is moderately polluted with 1.5 - 2.4 while Mn shows the highest level of pollution in all stations with Igeo values ranging between 4.1 and 5.8. This study showed that the Lagoon accumulates heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities evident in the dumping of municipal, sewage, industrial waste in the environment and domestic activities such as auto mobile transportation and mechanic repair workshop. Based on sediment quality guidelines, the Ologe Lagoon level of pollution ranged from Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Co > Mn > Cr > Al with Mn having the highest level of pollution.

Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants around Industries in Agbara Industrial Estate, Ogun State, Nigeria

Indiscriminate handling and disposal of industrial effluents into the environment represents one of the major sources of environmental pollution which invariably affect plants, animals and humans. This study assessed heavy metal concentration in soils and plants around industries in Agbara industrial estate, Ogun State, Nigeria. Soil and plant samples were collected from four industries and analyzed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). The pH, organic matter content and cation exchange capacity of the soil samples, as well as bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) of the plant samples were examined. The heavy metal concentration order of the soil and plant samples was Pb ?1, 50 mg kg?1, 10 mg kg?1 and 50 mg kg?1 respectively) while Cd was above WHO tolerance limit (3 mg kg?1). Also, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr in most plant samples were above WHO tolerance limits (10 mg kg?1, 0.30 mg kg?1, 10 mg kg?1 and 1.5 mg kg?1 respectively). Statistical differences (P Cyperus iria, Alternanthera sessilis, C. esculentus, A. brasiliana, and Megathyrsus maximus are probable accumulators of heavy metals.

Heavy metal accumulation in organs of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from industrial effluent-polluted aquatic ecosystem in Lagos, Nigeria.

The concentrations of four heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Pb) in water, sediment, and tissues (gill, muscle, brain, and intestine) of Oreochromis niloticus from a segment of the Lagos Lagoon complex were monitored for 10months (July 2012-April 2013) spanning wet and dry seasons. Three sampling stations were selected: Ologe Lagoon, the nearest to the point where effluent is discharged from Agbara Industrial Estate, the Owo River is upstream before the point of discharge of industrial effluent, and Etegbin is downstream. In most cases, the highest concentrations of heavy metal in fish tissues were recorded in samples obtained from Ologe Lagoon. The ranges of concentrations of heavy metals in the tissues of the fish were 4.06±2.45-49.94±13.11, 81.27±28.52-2044.64±554.77, 10.90±7.69-41.10±11.24, and 0.12±0.07-1.81±3.12mg/kg for Zn, Fe, Cu, and Pb, respectively. There were significant negative correlations (lowest; r=-0.24, p<0.01, n=30; highest; r=-0.58, p<0.01, n=30) between fish tissue metal concentrations and size of fish from Ologe Lagoon. Also, significant positive correlations (lowest; r=0.48, p<0.05, n=30; highest; r=0.93, p<0.01, n=30) between concentrations of Cu in sediment and tissues of O. niloticus were observed. The concentrations of the metals in the tissues of O. niloticus have exceeded the limits recommended by WHO. The maximum safe daily consumption (MSDC) value of Fe in Ologe Lagoon was lower than the recommended average daily intake of fish for humans. This indicated that O. niloticus from Ologe Lagoon may not be safe for human consumption. Therefore, there is a need for regular monitoring of heavy metal in these water bodies and enforcement of existing laws on the treatment of effluent before they are discharged into aquatic ecosystems.

Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to leachate infiltration using electrical resistivity method

This aim of this work is to assess the degree of leachate infiltration at a dumpsite in Agbara industrial estate, Southwestern Nigeria using electrical resistivity techniques. Around the dumpsite were 45 vertical electrical sounding (VES) stations and 3 electrical resistivity tomography profiles. Current electrode spread varied from 300 to 600 m for the electrical sounding. Electrode configuration includes Schlumberger and Wenner array for sounding and profiling. The state of leachate contamination was tested using parameters such as aquifer vulnerability index, overburden protective capacity and longitudinal unit conductance (Si) derived from the apparent resistivity values. Four principal geoelectric layers inferred from the VES data include the topsoil, sand, clayey sand, and clay/shale. Resistivity values for these layers vary from 3 to 1688, 203 to 3642 123 to 388, and 67 to 2201 Ω m with corresponding thickness of 0.8–2.4, 2.5–140, 3–26 m and infinity, respectively. The leachate plume occurs at a maximum depth of 10 m on the 2-D inverse models of real electrical resistivity with an average depth of infiltration being 6 m in the study area. The correlation between longitudinal conductance and overburden protective capacity show that aquifers around the dumpsite have poor protective capacity and are vulnerable to leachate contamination. Leachate infiltration is favored by the absence of lithological barriers such as clay which in the study area are either mixed with sand or positioned away from the aquifer.

Study of heavy metals pollution and physico-chemical assessment of water quality of River Owo, Agbara, Nigeria

The various selected physicochemical and biological condition of freshwater bodies which receive varying number of outfalls of industrial and domestic effluents containing heavy metals of River Owo, Agbara Industrial Estate, a boundary town between Lagos and Ogun state, along Badagry Expressway in Nigeria, was assessed for five consecutive months. Four sampling points were chosen from the water body to reflect the effect of industrial effluent, domestic effluent and lotic habitats. Temperature, pH, salinity, total alkalinity, total hardness (TH), total settle-able solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia, phosphate, chloride level, sulphate, nitrate, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese zinc, colour were analyzed monthly between November 2007 and March 2008 using standard methods and procedures. The ranges of these factors were found to be comparable to the recommended limit of the Lagos State Environment Protection Agency (LASEPA) 2001 and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) except for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia, phosphate, cadmium, chromium, lead, copper and Iron which were found in higher concentrations at sampling point B (effluent discharge point) above LASEPA, FEPA and Freshwater limit. DO of the three sampling points A, C and D were between recommended limit but slightly low at point B (effluent discharge point), which is less than the recommended limit. The level of pollution is more pronounced at sampling point B due to the greater amount of BOD and the release of some heavy metals like cadmium, chromium and lead which greatly affect the water quality of the river. The study concludes that River Owo is slightly polluted while the pollution is as a result from the discharge of effluents by the companies, factory and materials from other anthropogenic sources. Key words: Industrial and domestic effluent, biochemical physicochemical condition oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals, monitoring, anthropogenic sources.

Fuzzy logic-based modeling of the impact of industrial activities on the environmental status of an industrial estate in Nigeria

Industrial growth is being attributed with adverse environmental effects and has necessitated stricter environmental management policies. Formulating such policies is limited by the difficulty in understanding the trends of monitoring data. This study is aimed at the application of fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) to integrate environmental contaminants in Agbara industrial estate, Nigeria, to measure the extent of impact of industrial activities on the host community. Samples of water, plants (Pteridium aquilinum, Sacciolepis africana, and Panicum maximum), soil, and sediments were collected within the estate. Water samples were analyzed for quality parameters using standard methods. Metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Mn) were investigated in all the samples using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data were modeled with FCA. The results showed Cr as the major contaminant (34–252 µgL−1). High phosphate contributed to large plant growth in the area. FCA results showed that water samples were in the pristine classification; sediment samples were extremely impacted. The vegetation growth and the sediment precipitation were responsible for the cleaning-up of the pollutants discharged downstream. The FCA of the plants indicated high metal bioaccumulation and not only showed the plants’ phyto-remediation potential but also that the metals may pose threats to human health through the food web. The activities in the estate are contributing contaminants to the environment with potential negative effects.

The population dynamics of the &lt;i&gt;Prorocentraceae, Gonyaulacaceae Peridiniaceae, Euglenophyceae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Ceratiaceae&lt;/i&gt;, in a lagoon bordering heavy industry in Lagos state, Nigeria

An investigation into the dynamics of Protozoan populations in Ologe lagoon was carried out for a period of 24 months. It covered identification, diversity and elucidating the influence of some physical and chemical parameters on temporal abundance and spatial distribution of the Protozoa. Four villages around the lagoon were sampled using standard techniques. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using linear regression and hierarchical clustering. Five protozoan populations were identified. The Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that positive correlation occurred between the protozoa and Salinity (r = 0.043) and with surface water dissolved oxygen (r = 0.300). The correlations were positive with NO3-N at Ibiye (Rsq =0.022) and Gbanko (Rsq =0.013), PO4-P at Ibiye (Rsq =0.258), K at Idoluwo (Rsq =0.295) and SO4-S at Oto (Rsq = 0.945) and Gbanko (Rsq = 0.456). The most dominant species was Phacus (29%) followed by Prorocentrum sigmoides (14.2%). The protozoan populations in Ologe lagoon, were patchy in spatial distribution, undergo seasonal perturbations and were highly influenced by nutrient inputs from Agbara industrial estate and surrounding farmlands.

Model predictions of ambient pollution concentration

Knowing the major contributors to pollutant emission to the atmosphere, the effects of production capacity, wind velocity, stack height, stack diameter and stack gas exit velocity on emission and dispersion of pollutants were investigated using emission modelling and Gaussian Plume model for two chemical manufacturing industries at Agbara industrial estate in Ogun State. The results show that the emission loads of the pollutants associated with the use of industrial boiler and power generating plant are in decreasing order of magnitude as NOx > CO > TSP > SO2 > VOC > SO,sub>3 and NOx > TSP > CO > HC > SO2 respectively. The emission load of SO2 is 74.6% in power generating plant, 25% in boiler and only 0.4% in sulphuric acid production. The higher the emission release height, the lower the downwind concentrations of the pollutants.Finally, this paper has revealed that the most significant source of pollution in industries is the power generating plant with an average of 87.0% NOx, 7.0% TSP, 4.5% CO, 1.0% HC and 0.5% SO2. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3(2) 2003: 23-29