Cascaded nanozyme-based Fe3O4-GOx@ZIF-8/Ag Janus nanomotors with pH-responsive for photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride.

Advances in nanotechnology have positioned metal nanoparticles, especially gold (Au), iron (Fe) and silver (Ag), at the forefront of innovations in biomedical, environmental and catalytic applications. These qualities have enabled wide-ranging applications in wastewater cleanup, bio sensing, cancer treatment and antibacterial treatment. However, the synthesis method, structural characteristics, surface chemistry and colloidal stability of these nanoparticles significantly impact their performance and safety. This paper covers in detail the mechanics, benefits, drawbacks and environmental effects of both conventional and green synthesis techniques for creating Au, Fe and Ag nanoparticles. To illustrate their significance in determining nanoparticle size, shape, composition and surface functionality, key characterization techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), forier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential, are reviewed. The review also examines these nanoparticles' cytotoxicity to both healthy and malignant cells, as well as their antibacterial mechanisms, including membrane rupture, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and biomolecular interference. Their functions in wastewater treatment are also investigated, with particular attention to catalytic reduction, heavy-metal removal, dye degradation and disinfection procedures. Significant obstacles still exist despite tremendous advancements, such as concerns about the toxicity of nanoparticles, their persistence in the environment, their economic viability and the scalability of green synthesis techniques. This analysis tackles existing gaps and proposes the creation of safer, more sustainable and application-oriented nanomaterials.

Preparation of Ag-MOF based high-performance SERS substrate for the rapid detection of paraquat in plasma.

Wide bandgap semiconductor Ga 2 O 3 has been a hot photosensitive material for constructing solar‐blind UV photodetectors. Ga 2 O 3 ‐based heterojunction photodetector could operate without external power source, since the development of built‐in electric field. Its photodetection performances can be improved by interface engineering. In this work, a PEDOT:PSS/Ga 2 O 3 heterojunction photodetector is introduced and discussed, in which, the Ag nanoparticles are used to decorate the interface, and the performances are enhanced by localized surface plasmon resonance. In detail, the optimized detector achieved a responsivity of 59 mA/W, an external quantum efficiency of 29%, and a specific detectivity of 3.3 × 10 12 Jones at zero bias. The rise and decay times are 87 and 288 ms, respectively. Moreover, the device demonstrates potential in optical communication systems and multifunctional optical logic gates, highlighting a valuable insight and a novel strategy for UV solid‐state optoelectronics.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO offers a sustainable route for converting CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels. However, CO2 streams derived from industrial sources often contain SO2 impurities that severely poison conventional metal-based catalysts. Here, we report a nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst that exhibits pronounced tolerance and stability for CO2-to-CO conversion in the presence of SO2 (100-10,000 ppm). The catalyst maintains over 90% Faradaic efficiency toward CO during 8 h of electrolysis at -1.0 V vs RHE with 100 ppm of SO2, whereas Ag foil electrodes undergo rapid deactivation. Density functional theory calculations combined with surface analyses indicate that weak SO2 adsorption and the absence of stable sulfur accumulation on nitrogen-doped carbon strengthen its resistance to impurity-induced deactivation, in contrast to Ag catalysts that form Ag2S. Gas-fed tests in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer further confirm that nitrogen-doped carbon sustains high CO selectivity at elevated current densities, while Ag nanoparticles suffer irreversible sulfur poisoning. These results demonstrate that nitrogen-doped carbon is intrinsically resistant to SO2-induced deactivation and highlight its potential as a robust catalyst for CO2 electroreduction under impurity-containing conditions.

We synthesized a new type of complex nanoparticle: truncated satellite octahedral Au nanoparticles (SONs). The synthesis began with octahedral Au nanoparticles, followed by selective Pt deposition and a mild polyol synthesis to generate triakis-octahedral Ag nanoparticles (TONs). Subsequent Au deposition on the TONs led to the formation of cavities within the shell, and selective growth of truncated satellite structures from each (111) facet resulted in SONs with exposed line-shaped nanotrench gaps along the edges of the outer octahedral structure. The SONs exhibited strong near-field focusing in single-particle surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement due to (1) efficient focusing by the exterior line-shaped nanotrench gaps and (2) activation of internal hot nanocavities as the exterior Au shell enabled 785 nm light penetration, producing additional field enhancement. SONs were applied to SERS-based imaging of liposarcoma cells, and the high signal stability of SON nanoparticles enabled cell imaging for up to 4 weeks.

Ag nanoparticles via PVP synthesis: Evidence of nanohydrogel formation, characterization, and review of nanomedicine applications

Bio-extract-reduced Ag nanoparticle over reduced graphene oxide for enhanced CO2-to-CO photoreduction

Conductive hydrogel with double network structure for robust and flexible wearable sensors.

Tailoring Ag nanoparticles via PLAL laser energy for high-performance GaN MSM UV photodetectors

Interface-confined reconstruction of silver Delafossite for ampere-level NH₃ electrosynthesis coupled with plastic upgrading.

Chitosan/silver nanoparticles confined within halloysite nanotube composite sponge for synergistic antibacterial and photothermal therapy of infected diabetic wounds.

In-situ decorated Ag nanoparticles over vacancy rich FeCo2O4/g-C3N4: A synergetic multi-junction photocatalyst system with boosted charge carrier separation and photocatalytic activity

Identification of collagen types in moon jellyfish and fabrication of fibrous hydrogels incorporating Ag nanoparticles

Synergistic effect of Ag nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies: towards efficient CO2 reduction of BiOBr in gas–solid phase

Detecting fentanyl analogs in counterfeit pharmaceuticals by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using handheld Raman spectrometers.

Synergistic regulation of charge dynamics and reaction pathways for selective photocatalytic NO oxidation to nitrate via oxygen vacancies and plasmonic Ag nanoparticles

Supported silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used as antibacterial agents in biomedicine, biotechnology, and environmental remediation. However, a facile and scalable method for preparing homogeneously dispersed AgNPs on clay minerals remains a challenge. In this study, a one-pot method was successfully developed for the synthesis of homogeneously dispersed AgNPs supported on the surface of clay minerals (e.g., montmorillonite (Mt) and palygorskite (Pal)). Typically, clay minerals were mixed with AgNO3 (as a precursor) and NaNO3 (as a dispersant) by thorough grinding in a mortar, and then the mixture was heated slowly. AgNO₃ undergoes thermal decomposition to generate AgNPs via a self-reduction process, without the assistance of any external reductants. The free ions dissociated by molten NaNO₃ inhibit the aggregation of AgNPs. Specifically, AgNPs were uniformly dispersed on Mt and Pal. Correspondingly, the average particle sizes of the AgNPs were determined to be 10.71 ± 2.16nm for 6% Ag/Mt-s and 6.07 ± 3.26nm for 6% Ag/Pal-s, respectively. The antibacterial performance of the nanocomposites was associated with both the concentration of the target materials and their stability in the medium. Specifically, the physicochemical properties of Pal facilitated the small particle size of AgNPs, which in turn enhanced their antibacterial activity. The findings of this study highlight the advantages of utilizing clay minerals as supports to realize the high antibacterial activity of AgNPs. Meanwhile, this study provided a novel and facile strategy for synthesizing silver/clay mineral nanocomposites with homogeneously dispersed silver nanoparticles supported on the surface of clay minerals, without chemical reductants or surfactants. This study provided a theoretical basis for the design and preparation of high-efficiency, low-cost antibacterial silver/clay mineral nanocomposites in the future.

Abstract Hybrid Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems provide a promising pathway for improving low-grade heat recovery, especially when integrating renewable sources such as solar thermal energy and biomass. This study presents a thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid ORC employing advanced zeotropic mixtures enhanced with nanoparticles to improve heat absorption and cycle performance. Three environmentally friendly HFO-based zeotropic mixtures were evaluated in Aspen Plus, combined with TiO 2 , ZnO, and Ag nanoparticles at varying mass fractions (ϕ = 0.0001–0.1). The results indicate that temperature glide matching in the zeotropic mixtures significantly improved evaporator heat transfer and reduced irreversibility. Among the nanoparticles examined, Ag demonstrated the highest thermal enhancement, achieving an efficiency of up to 10.77% and a 12.3% increase in net power output at ϕ = 0.01. Higher nanoparticle mass fractions (ϕ = 0.1), however, resulted in reduced performance due to increased viscosity and agglomeration effects. The hybrid solar–biomass configuration provided improved thermal stability and continuous operation under fluctuating environmental conditions. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of combining zeotropic mixtures with optimally dispersed nanofluids to enhance the performance and stability of hybrid ORC systems for sustainable low-temperature power generation.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is resistant to many of the antibiotics used in clinical settings, has emerged as a significant concern in healthcare and the treatment options for MRSA infections are becoming increasingly limited. There is an urgent need for novel systems to combating MRSA. Nanotechnology inspired interventions might possibly overcome the defense mechanisms used by MRSA, resulting in more successful treatment techniques. A unique strategy involved the fabrication of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) derived from Urginea indica and combined with chitosan. The resulting Ag-chitosan hydrogel was assessed using UV and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as zeta potential measurement. The hydrogel's efficacy against targeted bacteria and biofilms was investigated, revealing its method of action. Furthermore, the biological compatibility of the material with cell lines was analyzed for potential uses. These studies were supplemented by in vitro infection trials and in vivo assessments utilizing a Balb/c mouse model. Overall, the comprehensive analysis confirmed the Ag-chitosan hydrogel's ability to promote wound healing. Notably, adding U. indica-derived Ag NPs and chitosan significantly increased the hydrogel's therapeutic potential.