Aesthetic Quality Research Articles (Page 1)

Implant-supported single crowns (ISSCs) are a common treatment option for replacing missing teeth in the anterior maxilla. Extensive long-term studies are still needed to report on esthetic qualities, clinical performance, potential complications, and overall patient satisfaction with this treatment. This study aims to elucidate the long-term esthetic qualities, clinical outcomes, and patient satisfaction with ISSCs in the anterior maxilla. Of 172 patients provided with ISSC, 107 patients with 133 single crowns accepted participation in a follow-up study after 11-21 years. Esthetics were assessed using the Pink Esthetic Score (PES), the White Esthetic Score (WES), and the California Dental Association index (CDA). Patients completed questionnaires on esthetics, function, complications and health. Most patients were enrolled in planned follow-up visits according to the clinic's routine. Photographs and radiographs at follow-up were compared with photos and radiographs taken at the placement of the crown. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fischer exact test, multiple regression, and Cohen's Kappa for inter-rater reliability. Infraposition was observed in 68% of ISSCs, but only 8% had an infraposition of ≥ 1 mm. Significant differences between sexes were found in the groups without (p < 0.001) or slight infraposition (0.1-0.5 mm) (p = 0.001), with men showing less infraposition. Patients with an infraposition of ≥ 0.5 mm were more likely to notice this difference (p = 0.032). Esthetic assessments gave lower scores for color compared to shape, and color mismatch increased over time. Despite these issues, patient satisfaction remained high, with most patients unaware of positional or color differences of their ISSCs. The survival rate was 99% for implants and 92% for crowns. Bone loss was limited, with 86% of the implants having less than 1.2 mm bone loss up to 10 years, and only 7% had a bone loss exceeding 1.8 mm. A high percentage of ISSCs placed in the anterior maxilla exhibited infraposition and an increasing color mismatch over time. Implant and crown survival was high, with few complications and a limited mean bone loss. Patient satisfaction was high despite color mismatch and infraposition.

Contemporary discourse on data communication has discussed logos (reason) and, more recently, ethos (credibility) extensively. While the concept of pathos (emotional appeal) has received growing attention in the visualization community in recent years, its connection to related concepts such as rhetoric and aesthetics remains underexplored. In this paper, we provide working definitions of these terms, contextualize them within data visualization, and explore their overlaps and differences in light of their historical development. This historical perspective offers a more holistic understanding of how these approaches in science and philosophy have evolved over time, contributing to a deeper comprehension of their integration into the design process. Drawing on Campbell's seven circumstances, we illustrate how pathos functions as a rhetorical strategy in contemporary data visualizations, examining the interplay of rhetorical strategies, aesthetic qualities, and offering our interpretation of how these elements work together.

Contemporary ion-releasing restoratives were developed to prevent secondary caries while maintaining the mechanical strength and esthetic qualities of conventional composite resins. Dental bleaching procedures may affect the physical properties of restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bleaching agents on the color stability of these ion-releasing restoratives. Forty-five disc-shaped specimens of Activa Bioactive, Beautifil II LS, Cention-N, Riva LC HVGIC, and Luna were fabricated using customised cylindrical Teflon molds. Baseline CIE-Lab color measurements were recorded using a spectrophotometer. Specimens were assigned to three subgroups (n = 15) and exposed to take-home bleaching (Pola Night), in-office bleaching (Pola Rapid), or artificial saliva (control) per manufacturers' protocols. Color measurements were repeated at 24h (T1), two weeks (T2), and one month (T3), with color change (ΔE*) calculated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). ΔL* ranged from - 0.02 ± 1.23 to 4.94 ± 1.37; Δa* from - 0.31 ± 0.12 to 0.65 ± 0.13; Δb* from - 3.08 ± 1.24 to 0.31 ± 0.86; and ΔE* from 0.94 ± 0.48 to 5.99 ± 1.33. At T1, Riva LC HVGIC showed the highest ΔE*, while Luna had the least. Both bleaching products had similar effects on ΔE*. Activa Bioactive's ΔE* increased significantly from T1 to T3, reaching the highest value at T3. The impact of bleaching on ion-releasing restoratives' color stability was material-dependent.

With the continuous development of modern ship technology, the design of ships is no longer limited to meeting functional requirements, but also deepens the demand for modelling. Ship exterior modelling not only affects the aesthetic characteristics of the ship, but also influences the ship's sailing resistance and energy consumption level. Based on the drag coefficient of the ship, this paper explores the influence of different configurations of ship exterior modelling design on the wind resistance of the ship, in order to provide design guidance for modern ship exterior modelling design. To this end, this paper takes the front face design of a certain ship type as an example. Based on the confirmation of the front face design by the client, the windward face of the ship type is divided into three characteristics: the ratio of the front face segmentation width, the inclination angle between the main elevation of the front face and the vertical plane, and the shape of the main elevation of the front face. An orthogonal experimental design for aerodynamic drag simulation is proposed. For the experimental combinations, a ship simulation model is established in SolidWorks, and fluid simulation analysis is conducted using StarCCM + to obtain the drag coefficient at each experimental level as the evaluation criterion.

Purpose This study aims to define key elements for creating sustainable urban living environments in earthquake-prone areas of Turkey and other developing countries, using expert assessments and student projects to develop a checklist for evaluating housing and urban design in affected resettlement areas. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the design and evaluation process for architectural projects focusing on “Sustainable Living in Earthquake Zones” was conducted by senior architecture students. The projects aimed to create livable, resilient urban spaces in disaster-affected areas in Turkey. Experts weighted 28 sub-criteria under the categories of functionality, aesthetic quality, social and cultural aspects and environmental aspects using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The evaluations were aimed at identifying the best designs for sustainable and active urban living, with final scores reflecting a combination of criteria weighting and expert ratings. Findings In evaluating architectural designs for sustainable living in earthquake zones, functionality and environmental aspects were deemed most important by experts. The highest-rated design integrated public spaces and sustainability near the Asi River in Hatay. Other notable projects focused on blending traditional and modern elements, emphasizing community spaces and regional identity. Overall, designs highlighted functionality over aesthetics and demonstrated varied attention to environmental considerations. Originality/value This study pioneers a practical checklist for sustainable urban design in earthquake-prone areas by integrating expert assessments and student projects. This paper offers novel insights to advance urban resilience and sustainability in post-disaster resettlement contexts, providing a valuable framework applicable to Turkey and similar regions, bridging academic research with practical implementation.

Abstract This study presents a context-specific evaluation framework for assessing the landscape quality of Danjie Road in Loutang Ancient Town, Shanghai. Drawing on historical research, field surveys, expert consultation, and public participation, this study develops a seven-criteria, twenty-six-indicator system that integrates physical attributes with intangible dimensions such as memory continuity, cultural identity, and microclimate adaptation. Although the AHP–Entropy method is employed to balance subjective and objective weights, the core contribution lies in reframing the evaluation of heritage streetscapes as a multidimensional and culturally embedded process. The results indicate that historical and cultural values, along with aesthetic visual quality, are most critical to the perception of Danjie Road, whereas environmental performance and maintenance management remain underappreciated. The findings provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for the revitalisation of historic street environments and offer a transferable model for the integrated assessment of cultural landscape heritage.

In this paper, we document three computational features of the climate model Hector by translating the modalities through which the model predicts climate futures in a game engine. We build upon the computational aesthetics of M. Beatrice Fazi and Matthew Fuller (2016) and suggest additional characteristics of computation to their proposed list. The three features are time series, couplings and cosmograms, which are based on our practical and theoretical inquiry into Hector’s computation and literacy. We develop a framework that employs two processual methods: translating the model’s operations into a game engine and the conceptual as well as transdisciplinary debugging of this transfer across different computational interfaces. Through this framework, we ask: what does the process of translating while debugging Hector reveal about the computational aesthetic of the model, and how can this help inquire into its onto-epistemological imaginary? By thinking and practising through specific features of computational aesthetics, we propose a reimagining of climate computation. We introduce the model, the concept of computational aesthetics, and our research methods to describe the three features of climate computation and their influence on Hector’s onto-epistemological imaginary. Finally, we discuss game engines as a site for critical experimentation with the model and the potential reconfiguration and reimagining of computational aesthetics through what we call “climate engines”.

Gypsum alabaster as material for European sculpture emerged in the 12th century and soon rivalled marble due to its accessibility, ease of sculpting, and aesthetic qualities. Lack of clear terminology and the visual similarity of the two materials have led to a considerable amount of confusion and deliberate misnomers. Despite attempts, since early modern times, to make a clear physical and chemical distinction between both materials, mistakes persist, even in modern collections. Here we present a non-invasive, cost-effective, reliable technique to differentiate the two, using an ultra-portable near-infrared spectrometer. The characteristic NIR spectrum of gypsum alabaster over the range of 900–1700 nm strongly contrasting with the near-featureless spectra of marble, allows for a simple and straightforward differentiation of these materials. Our technique enables rapid lithological identification of complex composite sculptural ensembles. We illustrate this through two case studies: The 15th century Saint Catherine of Alexandria from Kortrijk, attributed to André Beauneveu, one of the most prominent artists of the late Middle Ages, was supposedly made of alabaster, but is in fact made of marble and restored with alabaster replacement parts. The tomb of Prince-Bishop Julius Echter in Würzburg Cathedral is an example of the variety of materials used for such monuments in the 17th century. Here we highlight a previously undocumented but extensive use of multi-coloured alabaster.

ABSTRACT Social media platforms like TikTok have become central to how contemporary cultures express fear and anxiety, making them vital sites for studying how digital dread takes shape. This study examines how horror narratives and surveillance themes operate within TikTok’s compressed temporal format and algorithmic attention economy. Through quantitative content analysis of 19,382 TikTok videos, we investigate the prevalence, engagement patterns, and aesthetic characteristics of horror- and surveillance-themed content on the platform. Our findings reveal that horror-themed content, while constituting only 1.01% of videos, generates disproportionately higher engagement across all metrics compared to platform averages, with 7.9% more likes and 13.5% more comments. The brevity of TikTok videos (average 32.42 seconds) creates a distinctive “compressed horror aesthetic” that differs significantly from traditional horror media, relying on immediate affective triggers rather than sustained narrative development. We analyze these dynamics through Affective Disposition Theory (ADT), which explains how audience emotional alignment with characters and scenarios shapes enjoyment and engagement, even in short-form narratives. Using surveillance-themed content as a comparative baseline, we show how different forms of digital anxiety manifest through distinct engagement mechanisms. This research contributes to our understanding of how platform affordances influence genre-specific content creation and consumption, with implications for media literacy, platform governance, and digital wellbeing in ecosystems increasingly dominated by short-form video content.

This study explores the factors shaping tourist experiences at heritage sites, focusing on the Temple of Apollo in Didyma, Turkey. Using a netnographic approach to analyze 1,631 TripAdvisor reviews, the research identifies both positive and negative dimensions influencing visitor experiences. Aesthetic features, accessibility, supporting amenities, cost-effectiveness and learning opportunities were the main contributors to positive experiences. Conversely, preservation issues, accessibility challenges for diverse visitors, limited interpretive materials, and inadequate facilities were sources of dissatistaction. By highlighting the value of user-generated content (UGC) in understanding and enhancing cultural heritage tourism, this research contributes to literature on heritage tourism experiences and offers actionable insights for stakeholders to enhance site management and visitor satisafaction.

The aim of this research is to theoretically analyze the characteristic features of the musical language in Kamal Ahmadov’s chamber instrumental works. The article thoroughly examines the modal-harmonic, melodic, and rhythmic properties of the composer’s music, highlighting his individual creative style and offering an original analysis of his works. Special focus is placed on Ahmadov’s Capriccio, Ballad, Shikasta, and other pieces, correlating them with the distinctive qualities of chamber music. The significance of the research lies in the fact that Kamal Ahmadov’s chamber instrumental works are being analyzed in detail for the first time within Azerbaijani musicology. This study provides new perspectives on how his works are evaluated not only in the local music scene but also internationally. Research methods include music theory and analysis, as well as contemporary musicological approaches, which are used to explore the technical and aesthetic features of the works in depth. Data collection involved the use of the notated versions of the compositions, scientific literature, and interviews with the composer. The composer’s individual style is manifested in the stylistic features evident throughout his works: the rhythmic freedom in Capriccio, the lyricism of the Ballad, and the mournful character of Variations on a Theme dedicated to martyrs. Ahmadov’s rhythmic and melodic liberty has enabled him to create a unique musical language. The harmonic alterations and chamber music of melodic phrases render his works both technically and emotionally rich. In his chamber instrumental compositions, Ahmadov has managed to merge national elements with the peculiarities of the dodecaphonic style. As a result, the individuality and originality of Kamal Ahmadov’s musical language in his chamber instrumental works are confirmed, and their role in enriching Azerbaijani music is underlined. The research also opens new academic perspectives for evaluating Ahmadov’s innovative approaches and his place in world music culture.

The product design process is used to develop new innovative products or to improve existing ones. The category of space decoration covers items that are mainly designed based on aesthetics and thus help users to enjoy an easier and more efficient lifestyle. Desk lamps are developed either for functional or aesthetic purposes. A large part of their use is in the workplace, and they aim to increase productivity. The contribution of the present work is to deal with the design of a prototype desk lamp that can combine both the functional and aesthetic characteristics required. In order to achieve this goal, a number of methodological and technological tools have been implemented in the development of the product itself i.e. mind-map, sketches, color selection process, a 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) modeling and 3D assembling, a high-quality rendering tool, and prototyping. A step-to-step approach was taken, starting with a search for similar works published, developing the design concept from scratch and finishing with a prototype using 3D printing technology available. The developed prototype provided a solid basis for an early evaluation of the users’ perception of the designed product. A 3D CAD system has been used to achieve both the modeling and the prototyping of the product. Combining functionality and aesthetics, a design concept has been developed, a 3D printing prototype has been produced and finally an early evaluation of the outcome became available by experienced design engineers.

BackgroundEnvironmental factors significantly influence health behaviors and outcomes. While Google Street View (GSV) has emerged as a cost-effective tool for environmental auditing in various countries, its feasibility in Taiwan remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of GSV-based environmental audits in Taiwan.MethodsFour administrative districts in Taipei representing different population densities and socioeconomic status were selected. A total of 74 street segments within 40 streets were evaluated using both virtual and field audits. The S-VAT was modified to include 8 categories (38 items) of neighborhood characteristics. To assess criterion validity, field and virtual audits were conducted by one rater with a minimum two-week interval. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated by comparing two raters’ virtual audit results, while intra-rater reliability was assessed through repeated virtual audits by the same rater. Cohen’s Kappa and percentage agreement were used for statistical analysis.ResultsWalking-related (k = 0.768), cycling-related (k = 0.921), and public transport features demonstrated high reliability. Lower reliability was found in aesthetics and grocery stores, primarily due to GSV limitations: aesthetic features (litter, graffiti) were affected by viewing angles and temporal variations, while grocery stores were challenging to assess due to restricted storefront visibility and signage clarity.ConclusionsThe S-VAT demonstrates good validity and reliability for environmental auditing in Taiwan, particularly for transportation-related features. However, caution should be exercised when assessing grocery stores and aesthetic features. This study validates GSV as a feasible tool for conducting environmental audits in Taiwan.

Cities are growing uncontrollably with rapidly increasing population and construction. Urban open spaces have important roles in meeting the increasing number of people and the changing/developing needs as a result. In this context, urban furniture, which is important components of the urban system, should be planned and designed correctly. Urban furniture has much importance, especially physical and aesthetic features. Urban furniture is designed to meet many needs of urban users with many features such as circulation, orientation, seating, shelter against changing weather conditions, and determining borders. Another function of furniture is to give identity to space. The space transforms into a place with the meaning it gains, and urban history plays an important role in this process. Reflecting the history of the city with urban furniture and/or designing urban furniture in a way that refers to the history of the city contributes to the cultural continuity of the city. Within the scope of the study, urban furniture that have an impact on the identity of Samsun city were examined. The areas that have gained identity with the historical characteristics of the city and gained a place feature were evaluated in terms of the contributions of urban furniture to that place.

Under the perspective of the Grand Food View, the aesthetics of traditional Jingchu cuisine showcase rich cultural connotations and unique aesthetic value. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical foundation of the Grand Food View and culinary aesthetics, deeply analyzes the aesthetic characteristics of traditional Jingchu cuisine, and explores its inheritance and innovation in modern society. The study shows that the visual and morphological beauty, gustatory and olfactory beauty, and the artistic and cultural beauty of Jingchu cuisine reflect the diversity of local culinary culture and demonstrate its profound historical and artistic value. Furthermore, this paper proposes innovative pathways and promotion strategies for Jingchu cuisine in modern society, providing new ideas for the protection and development of traditional culinary culture.

Urban green spaces have emerged as a key outdoor natural space supporting social interaction since the pandemic and lockdowns, and particularly benefit the health and well-being of the elderly and children amid global population aging. However, the challenges of socialization among multi-age groups and the influence of green space quality on these interactions remain insufficiently understood. To create healthy multi-age spaces, this study aimed to compare the associations between urban green space quality and social interaction among the elderly, children, and the general population. To achieve this, we adopted a UAV vision method, integrating the SOSIP protocol with a vision-based behavioral recognition model to capture outdoor social interactions across multiple age groups. Multilevel regression models were applied to analyze the hierarchical data structure and assess the contributions of different green space quality indicators, including green space size, facility, amenity, aesthetic features, maintenance and cleanliness, incivility, and overall quality. The findings indicated that overall green space quality is the most significant contributor in promoting social interaction, while maintenance and cleanliness appeared equally important to children and the general population. The presence of facilities and a larger green space size encourage informal encounters and facilitate collective activities only among the general population. However, aesthetic features and the number of amenities had limited effects on the social interactions of multi-age groups. These results suggest that how green space quality influences social interaction varies among different age groups. Accordingly, targeted green space quality enhancement strategies are proposed to support the planning of sustainable, healthy multi-age spaces that could balance the needs of both the elderly and younger populations.

Visual aesthetic preferences fundamentally shape the restorative potential of university landscapes and have a significant impact on student well-being and engagement. This study developed Ensemble Learning Models to predict students' aesthetic preferences for interactive rest spots and compared their accuracy with conventional individual models. The input dataset (18 features) was extracted from images of 100 student rest spots across four universities campuses in Tehran city: University of Tehran, Amirkabir University of Technology, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, and Tarbiat Modares University. Based on the aesthetic preferences reported by 394 university students, the study employed Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and their combinations of SVR-MLP and SVR-RF-MLP to predict the aesthetic quality on university campuses. The results show that Ensemble Learning Models outperform individual models in predicting students' aesthetic preferences, filling a key research gap. The individual models demonstrated varying levels of accuracy across the total dataset, with SVR (R2 = 0.824) performing the strongest, followed by MLP (R2 = 0.814) and RF (R2 = 0.761). Among all, the SVR-MLP ensemble learning model achieved the highest accuracy, with R2 scores of 0.767 (test data), 0.850 (training data), and 0.828 (total dataset). Key design elements enhancing both aesthetic appeal and mental restoration included more trees, soft landscapes, waterscapes, and color diversity, coupled with minimal building and pathway presence. The Ensemble Learning Models provide a robust conceptual framework for architects, environmental designers, landscape architects, and campus planners to design attractive and restorative spaces aligned with students' visual preferences.

Background Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is a common benign condition affecting facial esthetics. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an injectable sodium hyaluronate complex solution combined with vitamin C, tranexamic acid, and glutathione for POH treatment. Method 120 POH patients were randomly divided into two groups. All participants received two treatment injections at two-week intervals. Evaluations were conducted at 4 and 12 weeks posttreatment, assessing periorbital grayscale values, clinical grading changes, Global Esthetic Improvement Score, Dermatologic Quality of Life Index (DLQI), and patient satisfaction. Result The treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in grayscale values (162.10 ± 14.22 to 169.66 ± 13.43) and reduced pigmentation differences from normal skin (23.01 ± 12.73 to 14.44 ± 14.79). The control group showed no significant changes. Treatment group patients exhibited significantly better grayscale values (p < .05), improved DLQI scores, and reduced dark circle severity (p < .05). 96.7% of treated patients reported satisfaction with visible esthetic improvements. Conclusion The hyaluronate-based combination therapy effectively improved POH, demonstrating significant esthetic enhancement and quality of life improvement. This minimally invasive approach proved safe, effective, and highly satisfactory, presenting a promising treatment option for periorbital hyperpigmentation. Evidence level Level II.

The Minnan region in China boasts a rich religious culture, giving rise to the distinctive Minnan folk wooden altar table (MFWAT). This study investigated the MFWAT’s artistic characteristics and aesthetic preferences using Kansei Engineering (KE) and eye tracking (ET). The Semantic Differential (SD) method assessed perceptual evaluations, while eye tracking (ET) tests analyzed design elements via heat maps and areas of interest (AOI). Preference ratings complemented the objective measures. Factor analysis indicated that perceptual imagery comprised two principal components: stable-lightweight/dignified-relaxed and simple-complex/ceremonial-practical. Eye movement metrics showed decorative components (AOI-3) attracted significantly more attention than leg-foot (AOI-2) and panel components (AOI-1). Sample GA1 achieved the highest preference score, supporting the eye tracking (ET) findings. Decorative components were the most dominant elements. This integration of subjective and objective methods revealed MFWAT’s aesthetic characteristics and provides references for modern wooden furniture’s innovative design.

Integrating contemporary art into restored historical and industrial buildings has become a significant interdisciplinary practice that bridges heritage conservation, spatial design, and artistic production. This study investigates the conversion of Şerefiye Cistern, Çubuklu Silos, Museum Gashouse, Artİstanbul Feshane, Casa Botter, Cendere Art Museum, Metrohan, and Yedikule Gashouse, restored under the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) Heritage projects, into spaces that serve artistic functions. Post-restoration evaluations focus on spatial organization and interior components such as form, material, light, and color. The research is theoretically grounded in Henri Lefebvre’s Production of Space and Christian Norberg-Schulz’s Genius Loci. Within this framework, the study explores how space is shaped through perceived, conceived, and lived dimensions, and it offers a comprehensive analysis of spatial meaning and identity. The findings reveal that digital art interventions enhance space’s aesthetic and functional qualities, while interior architectural decisions play a direct role in shaping artistic perception. Ultimately, integrating digital art into restoration processes, when approached holistically, supports both the cultural continuity and artistic transformation of historic spaces.