Aeroallergens In Patients Research Articles

Spectra of sensitization to aeroallergens in patients with allergy from the upper chirchik district of the Republic of Uzbekistan

BACKGROUND: Allergic airway diseases caused by hypersensitivity to aeroallergens are the most common manifestation of atopy in children and adults. However, sensitization in the population primarily depends on the allergenic composition of the air environment. Identification of sensitization is a prerequisite for successful treatment of allergic diseases, although the structure of sensitization may have regional characteristics.
 AIM: To study the spectrum of sensitization in people with allergic diseases, namely, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma of varying severity, and atopic dermatitis, in the Upperchirchik district of the Tashkent region, which is characterized by a long period of flowering of weeds (wormwood, saltwort, and quinoa, from the end of August to the end of November), cereals (timothy, foxtail, rye, and bluegrass), and herbs (from the end of February to the end of July); the duration of flowering is associated with the peculiarities of climatic and geographic conditions.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January to May 2022, a clinical and allergological examination was conducted on 100 patients with allergic diseases; of these, 38 were children aged 2–18 years (including 20 children with allergic rhinitis, 12 with bronchial asthma, 6 with atopic dermatitis) and 62 were adults (including 32 patients with allergic rhinitis, 13 with bronchial asthma, 17 with atopic dermatitis). To study the total IgE in the blood serum, allergen-specific IgE and standard diagnostic allergens were used for skin testing.
 RESULTS: Among all examined patients, the most frequent were intermittent and persistent forms of allergic rhinitis in 52 (52%), bronchial asthma in 25 (25%), atopic dermatitis in 23 (23%), combination of allergic rhinitis + bronchial asthma in 13 (13%), allergic rhinitis + atopic dermatitis in 12 (12%), and atopic dermatitis + bronchial asthma in 9 (9%) patients. Combined sensitization to pollen and household and food allergens was detected in 90% of the patients, monosensitization to allergens of cereal grasses (meadow Timothy and meadow bluegrass) in 6% and to allergens of weeds (wormwood and quinoa) in 4%. Sensitization to house dust (h1) was detected in 29 children and 51 adults. The frequency of sensitization to food allergens was higher in children than in adults: to cow’s milk allergens in 28.9% of children and 8.1% of adults; to egg allergens in 44.7% of children and 24.2% of adults; and to nut allergens in 38.7% of children and 34.2% of adults.
 CONCLUSION: The spectrum of sensitization to allergens in patients with allergic diseases in the Upperchirchik district of the Tashkent region is characterized by a predominance of sensitization to pollens and household allergens in children and adults, with a significant proportion of polysensitized patients in all age groups.

The distribution of sensitization to common aeroallergens in patients with rhinitis and asthma in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.

Sensitization to common environmental aeroallergens plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and severity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Knowledge on the sensitization pattern helps allergen avoidance, prediction of the severity of the disease, and use of specific immunotherapy for the most common allergens. The distribution of sensitization to aeroallergens differs in every region of Türkiye. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the allergen sensitization profiles of patients with asthma and rhinitis in Şanlıurfa, which is in Southeast Türkiye. Patients with rhinitis and asthma who presented to the outpatient clinic of adult immunology and allergy between April 2021- 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic information (age, sex), rhinitis and asthma duration, location of residence, allergic and non-allergic comorbidities, smoking history and skin prick test results were extracted from medical records. A total of 472 skin prick tests were performed on patients (35.4% males; 64.6% females), with a mean age of 33.8 years, and 120 (25.4%) were negative for skin reaction. The frequency of sensitivity to allergens was: grass (42.6%), cereal mixtures (41.5%), timothy grass (37.9%), cockroach (37.3%), olive tree (35%), house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae 27.5%, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 20.8%). In patients with only rhinitis (n= 305), the most frequent aeroallergen was pollen (grasses 43.6%; cereal mixtures 43.3%; timothy grass 41.6%; olive pollen 37.4%). In patients with asthma and rhinitis (n= 134), the most frequent aeroallergen was grass (44.8%). In patients with only asthma (n= 33), the most frequent aeroallergens were D. farinae (27.3%) and cockroach (27.3%). The most frequently detected allergens in this study were pollen, cockroach, and house dust mites, respectively. The findings revealed that pollen was the most frequent aeroallergen in subjects with allergic rhinitis with and without asthma. In patients with only asthma, the most frequent aeroallergen was house dust mites.

Prevalence of common sensitizing aeroallergens in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a skin disease burden worldwide, is a complex, multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease. Prevalence of AD is increasing in developing countries and identifying the causative allergens is a major challenge. Aeroallergens are shown to aggravate atopic dermatitis. Explore the prevalence of aeroallergens sensitization in patients with AD and its possible relation with AD severity. Cross-sectional study of 132 patients diagnosed to have atopic dermatitis. Atopy was detected by serum specific IgE to a panel of the most encountered aeroallergens. From the 132 patients, elevated specific IgE was detected in 72.7% from which 59.1% were mild and 86.4% are moderate/severe as well as 15.9% are mono-sensitized and 54.5% are poly-sensitized with poly-sensitization being more in severe cases compared to mild cases (68.2% vs 4.5%). Regarding specific IgE to different aeroallergens, the most prevalent were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (50%), followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (34.1%), Birch pollen (20.5%), cat epithelium (18.2%) Regweed (15.9%), and Cockroach (9.1%). However, moderate to severe cases were more sensitized to candida (p=0.012), mix grass pollen (p=0.002), ragweed (0.00), mite (p=0.037) and cat epithelium (p=0.007). Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Birch pollen, cat epithelium Regweed and Cockroach are the most frequent sensitizing aeroallergens in atopic dermatitis.

Allergie au chat : une place pour la désensibilisation ?

Cat's allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the subject of some skepticism, even from allergists. This situation is all the more paradoxical as sensitization to animal dander, in particular to cat, ranks third in sensitization to aero-allergens in patients presenting with respiratory allergic manifestations and that AIT to cats is clearly mentioned in the international and national recommendations regarding this therapy. The purpose of this presentation is to review the existing data on the efficacy of cat's AIT in the field of respiratory allergy, and also to discuss the prospects for evolution in the etiological approach to this frequent allergy.

Sensitization to Aeroallergens in a Mexican Cohort with Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Cross-sectional Retrospective Study Conducted in Ángeles Puebla Hospital

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the sensitization distribution of aeroallergens in patients with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) living in a temperate subhumid region and to describe the prevalence in a Mexican cohort. A total of 761 patient records were revisited, including the results of the skin prick test (SPT) for 45 aeroallergens. We found 292 patients with AC and a positive SPT in a 5-year period. The most frequent aeroallergens include dust mites (69.2% for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and 47.6% for Dermatophagoides farinae), trees (36% for cypress and 22.6% for ash), animals (33.9% for dogs and 26.7% for cats), and grasses (21.2% for Paspalum notalum and 19.9% for Poa pratensis). Among the studied population, a prevalence of 38.4% for the disease was calculated. House dust mites were responsible for most sensitizations found in the studied population. There is a high prevalence of AC in the selected cohort during the period studied.

Local and Systemic Production of Pro-Inflammatory Eicosanoids Is Inversely Related to Sensitization to Aeroallergens in Patients with Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease.

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by overproduction of the pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Although immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitization to aeroallergens is common among AERD patients, it does not belong to the defining disease characteristics. In this study of 133 AERD patients, we sought to find a relationship between sensitization to aeroallergens and local (leukotriene E4, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2) and/or systemic (leukotriene E4) production of arachidonic acid metabolites. Interestingly, a negative association between pro-inflammatory eicosanoid levels in induced sputum supernatant or urine and sensitization to aeroallergens was observed. This inverse relationship might suggest the presence of a protective effect of atopic sensitization to aeroallergens against stronger local airway inflammation and higher systemic AERD-related inflammatory activity.

Chinese Central Compartment Atopic Disease: The Clinical Characteristics and Cellular Endotypes Based on Whole-Slide Imaging.

PurposeHistopathologic characterizations of central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) by whole-slide imaging remains lacking. We aim to study clinical presentations and cellular endotyping diagnosis of Chinese CCAD using artificial intelligence (AI).MethodsA total of 72 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) were enrolled. CCAD was defined by positive result of serology specific IgE, endoscopic and radiological findings. The aeroallergen sensitization status, endoscopic results, radiological findings, and symptoms were evaluated and compared between patients with CCAD (n=14), eosinophilic CRSwNP (ENP, n=32) and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (NENP, n=26). The cellular endotypes including eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells were analyzed by the AI chronic rhinosinusitis evaluation platform 2.0.ResultsCCAD was most common in male (71.43%). The positive rate of aeroallergen in patients with CCAD is 100%, which is much higher than those in patients with ENP (40.63%) and NENP (23.08%). Allergic rhinitis incidence was found to be 57.14% in Chinese CCAD subjects, which is obviously higher when compared with those in patients with ENP (21.88%) or NENP (0.00%). The presence of asthma was not significantly different between groups. Chinese CCAD population demonstrated mild symptoms and lower endoscopic and radiological scores than those in patients with ENP and NENP. For cellular endotypes in CCAD subjects, the median of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells was 26.55%, 0.49%, 60.85%, and 7.33%, respectively. The proportion of eosinophils in nasal tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the CCAD group is between the proportions in those patients with ENP and NENP.ConclusionChinese CCAD was associated with aeroallergen sensitivity, and displayed an eosinophil-dominant inflammatory pattern. Thus, proper management with allergy control and topical steroids could be recommended for CCAD treatment.

Use of pollen mixes for skin prick testing is efficient but misses sensitization to some included pollens

At Scripps Clinic pollen mixes are routinely used in a skin prick screening panel to assess for evidence of sensitization to aeroallergens in patients with suspect symptoms. In those unlikely to pursue aeroallergen immunotherapy identification of sensitization to individual pollens may be unnecessary. Use of mixes is time and cost saving. Notably the concentration of each individual pollen is less in these mixes with dilution based on the total number of pollens included. As a quality measure we seek to assess whether use of pollen mixes yield concordant results when compared to individual pollens testing.

Sensitization to Food and Aeroallergens in Patients with Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema and Urticaria

Background and Aims: Allergic disorders such as asthma, urticaria, eczema, and allergic rhinitis are common worldwide, and allergens are the most common etiology and exacerbating factors. So, This study aimed to find the allergens in these patients with skin prick tests. Materials and Methods: All the allergic cases referred to an allergic clinic in the north of Iran were visited by an allergist and clinical immunologist. Based on patient history, physical examination, and diagnosis, we select food allergens and aeroallergens. A standard skin prick test was performed on all patients, and all data was then analyzed SPSS 20. Results: Two thousand one hundred and twenty-eight cases entered the study with a mean age of 27.65 ± 15.52 years old. 1235 (58.04%) females and 893 males (41.96%) participated in this study. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, and eczema were 717 (33.7%), 611 (28.8%), 550 (25.8%), and 250 (11.7%), respectively. The most common aeroallergens were Dermatophagoides farinae (75.9%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (65.4%), feather (56.1%), and Candida (51.1%), respectively, in all patients. The most common food allergens were egg white (31.1%), cacao (29.7%), and egg yolk (28.9%), respectively, in all cases. Conclusion: Both aeroallergens and food allergens were the most common in all allergens by skin prick test. Therefore, it is important to find the relationship between sensitization and allergy.

The Role of Phadiatop Tests and Total Immunoglobulin E Levels in Screening Aeroallergens: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study.

BackgroundScreening for the existence of aeroallergens in patients with possible allergic rhinitis using venous blood samples has become more popular, with advantages of increased convenience and less consumption of time.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivities and specificities of Phadiatop tests and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in both adults and children.MethodsThis study was conducted prospectively in a tertiary center. The process of recruitment took place from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019, and patients with clinical symptoms that suggested persistent allergic rhinitis were recruited and their serum samples collected. The results of the total IgE and Phadiatop tests as well as the positive items in the ImmunoCAP assay were recorded and analyzed.ResultsA total of 9174 cases with complete data were enrolled, including 576 children and 8598 adults. A positive result in the ImmunoCAP assay was considered a positive atopic status towards aeroallergens. While using the total IgE levels to predict positive aeroallergens, the sensitivities and specificities were 65.7% and 85.7%, respectively, for adults and 86.3% and 77.4%, respectively, for children. When we used Phadiatop tests for allergy screening, the sensitivities and specificities was 94.5% and 98.2%, respectively, for the adult group and 98.5% and 96.8%, respectively, for the pediatric group.ConclusionThe Phadiatop test had better diagnostic power for aeroallergen detection than the serum total IgE levels, or even the dual test, for both the adult and pediatric groups in this hospital-based study. We suggest that the Phadiatop test is more cost-effective in aeroallergen screening for patients with suspected atopic airway diseases.

Aeroallergen sensitisation patterns of children aged 5 years and younger with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in Istanbul

Aim of the studyThe purpose of the study was to determine the aeroallergen sensitisation patterns of children aged 5 years and younger with asthma (AS) and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) in Istanbul, Turkey. MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study was conducted between January and December 2018 in the outpatient clinic of a hospital department of pediatric allergy. Patients, who had regular outpatient controls, full clinical and laboratory records, positive skin prick test results, and were willing to participate in the study, were included. ResultsIn total, 148 children aged 5 years or younger who had positive skin prick test results were included in the study. The male/female ratio and the mean age at onset of symptoms were 87/61 and 2.13±1.33 (0.4–4.5) years, respectively. Of the 148 patients, 63 (42.6%) had AS, 11 (7.4%) AR, and 74 (50.0%) had both AS and AR. The age of the patients, age at symptom onset, male/female ratio, number of allergen sensitivities, total IgE levels, total eosinophil levels, and skin prick test results for aeroallergens did not differ between the patients with AS, AR, and AS+AR. House dust mite (HDM) was the most common aeroallergen in patients, while the cockroach was the least common aeroallergen. The severity of asthma and control levels were not found to be associated with aeroallergen sensitisation in children. ConclusionOne out of every four atopic children aged 5 years or younger is sensitised to aeroallergens. The most common sensitisation is to house dust mites. Weed aeroallergen may be related to severity of asthma in children aged 5 years or younger in Istanbul. We speculate that HDM and weed allergens could be used in the diagnostic or treatment strategies for the management of asthmatic children aged 5 years or younger.

Non-allergic severe asthma: is it really always non-allergic? The IDENTIFY project

BackgroundThis differential diagnosis of allergic vs non-allergic asthma is typically made on the basis of sensitization to allergens, such that absence of sensitization could result in a patient being managed as having non-allergic asthma. In Germany, the number of specific allergen tests is limited and non-standardized (across clinicians and laboratories), with the potential for false negative diagnoses. IDENTIFY aimed to gain data on sensitizations toward aeroallergens in patients with severe asthma who had tested negative to perennial aeroallergens in previous tests.MethodsThis was a single visit, non-randomized, non-interventional study conducted in 87 centers across Germany. The only inclusion criteria were that patients had to be adults (at least 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of severe asthma (receiving at least Global Initiative for Asthma Step IV therapy), and who had previously tested negative to perennial aeroallergens. Patients were then tested for sensitization to a panel of 35 perennial aeroallergens, with positive sensitization indicated by CAP ≥ 0.35 kU/L.ResultsOf 588 patients recruited, 454 had complete and valid data, and had previously tested negative to perennial aeroallergens. Overall, 43.6% of the analyzed patients tested positive for at least one of the included aeroallergens, with 18.7% testing positive for three or more, and 4.2% positive for more than ten. The five most common sensitizations were to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Dermatophagoides farinae, and Rhizopus nigricans, each of which tested positive in at least 9.7% of the population.ConclusionsIn this group of patients being managed as having non-allergic asthma (and who had all previously tested negative to perennial aeroallergens), a high proportion tested positive to a broad panel of aeroallergens. A diagnosis of allergic asthma therefore cannot be excluded purely on the basis of standard aeroallergen panels.

A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study on Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Sensitivity to Indoor Inhaled Aeroallergens in Patients with Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Background: Rhinosinusitis is a nasal and paranasal sinus infection. Chronic infection and allergies are two major causes of nasal polyp formation. Objectives: In this study, we examined the relationship between NO and aeroallergens to determine the relationship between exhaled nitric oxide level and sensitivity to aeroallergens in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients referring to Hazrat Rasool Hospital in Tehran from December 2016 to May 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 patients. The prick test and exhaled NO measurements were done to determine allergens in CRSwNP patients. Statistical analysis was done to determine the relationship between the allergy and sensitivity to indoor aeroallergens in patients with CRSwNP. Results: The correlation coefficient of. 0.014 and 0.001 were evaluated for Mosquito and Cockroach respectfully, which were significantly correlated with nitric oxide. The less correlation with nitric oxide was 0.003, which was evaluated for MUCOR. Conclusions: This study showed that most people with CRSwNP had a sensitivity to at least one indoor aeroallergen, and cockroaches were the most common allergen in patients with CRSwNP with a 17.9% prevalence. This study showed that the correlation of FeNO with the sensitivity of these patients to home aeroallergens can be used, and this correlation for mosquito and cockroach aeroallergens is very valuable. The NO level and prick testing of aeroallergens can be used to estimate the relapse or lack of appropriate response to medical treatment in patients with CRSwNP.

Trends of sensitization to aeroallergens in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma in the city of Bursa, South Marmara Sea Region of Turkey

Background/aim Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are the most common allergic disorders worldwide. Aeroallergens are critical causative factors in the pathogenesis of these disorders and sensitization to aeroallergens differs in various countries and regions. Identification of the most common aeroallergen sensitization is crucial in the diagnosis and management of AR and asthma. We examined the distribution of aeroallergen sensitizations detected by skin prick tests (SPTs) in adult patients with AR and/or asthma in the city of Bursa. Materials and methods Five hundred forty-five patients who underwent a SPT and were diagnosed with rhinitis and/or asthma in the Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine’s Department of Immunology and Allergic Diseases Outpatient Clinic from March 2018 to August 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. SPTs with standard extracts including house dust mites, pollens, molds, animal dander, and latex were performed for patients.Results A total of 545 patients were included and most of the patients (270; 49.5%) were between 30 and 49 years of age. The prevalence of atopy was 57.9%. The most common aeroallergens detected in SPTs were Dermatophagoides farinae (50%) and D. pteronyssinus (44%), followed by grass-rye mix (43%), grass mix (38.6%), olive (33.2%), and wheat (32.3%). The sensitization to olive pollen was higher in cases of mild asthma (52%), while sensitization to D. farinae was higher in patients with mild and moderate asthma (54.5%, 54.2%) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study revealed that house dust mite was the most common sensitizing aeroallergen in patients with AR and asthma while pollens were the most common allergen in patients with only AR. The sensitization to grass and olive pollen was higher in cases of mild asthma than moderate and severe. Regional allergy panels may provide important clinical clues for characteristics and courses of allergic diseases.

Sensitization to aeroallergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Aguascalientes, Mexico

Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disease worldwide and it is caused by a reaction of hypersensitivity to aeroallergens. To our knowledge, there aren't any previous studies of aeroallergenic sensitization in Aguascalientes, Mexico. To describe the sensitization to aeroallergens in patients with allergic rhinitis who have been treated at a private clinic in Aguascalientes, Mexico. A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was done in which patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis were included. Skin prick tests with 32 allergenic extracts were carried out and the frequencies at each were determined. In total, 350 patients were analyzed. The most frequent aeroallergens were grass pollens (74.8%), followed by tree pollens (64.8%) and dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (64%). The group of patients under 20 years of age was predominant (67.1%), followed by the group of 21 to 40 years old (22.5%). This research provides information about regional patterns of sensitization, which shall facilitate diagnostic tests in the region and the best practices of specific immunotherapy.

Sensitization Pattern to common Inhalant allergens among patients with Allergic Rhinitis in Taiz, Yemen

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects millions of people annually and is associated with significant morbidity resulting in substantial health care costs to society. Inhalant allergens as one of the most common cause of allergic disease derived from pollens, dust mites, fungi, and animals. The prevalence of inhalant allergens is different in various areas. Objectives: This study was designed to identify the frequency of sensitization to aeroallergens in patients with AR in Taiz, Yemen. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Taiz, Yemen between March 2014 and October 2017. Patients with symptoms suggesting AR and have elevated total immunoglobulin-E (IgE) and sensitized to at least one inhalant allergen are included in this study. The severity of AR was assessed using special scoring system. Sensitization to inhalant allergens was assessed by skin prick test using a panel of common 12 inhalant allergens. Results: Sex ratio being 1.66:1, male: female. Age distribution ranged from 11 years to 67 years. House dust mite were the most common type of inhalant allergens (44.76%), followed by Cockroach (16.67%), house dust (14.76%), Mesquite (12.38%) and cat hair (10.45%). Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that HDMs play as a main sensitizing allergen in allergic rhinitis. This pattern was compatible with the results from studies carried in other areas with the same climate.

A review on hypersensitivity reactions to fungal aeroallergens in patients with allergic disorders in Iran.

Fungal agents account for the clinical manifestation of allergic disorders. The aim of the present study was to review the prevalence of hypersensitivity reactions to fungal aeroallergens in patients with allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, and eczema, in Iran. The initial literature search resulted in the identification of 50 records, 26 cases of which met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the methods adopted for the detection of fungal allergens, serum-specific IgE and skin prick tests were used in 6 and 20 studies, respectively. Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata sensitization was the most common allergic sensitization among the patients with allergic disorders. According to the reviewed studies, despite the humid climate of the north of Iran, fungal sensitization has a prevalence range of 5-70% in this region. In other regions, such as central and southern Iran, which have a dry and warm climate, fungal sensitization reportedly has a prevalence range of 5-65%. The prevalence of fungal sensitizations varies in different allergic disorders due to the factors related to geographic and genetic issues, gender, sample size, test operator, and assessment method.

Characteristic analysis of aeroallergens of allergic rhinitis patients in Wuhan

Objective:To analyze the distribution characteristics of common aeroallergens in patients with allergic rhinitis（AR）in Wuhan. Method:Serum specific IgE（ssIgE）was detected in 1 983 patients with clinically diagnosed AR by Midiwiss Allergen Screen system. Data was analyzed statistically. Result:Among the 1 983 patients，1 507（76.0%）had at least one positive ssIgE. The most common aeroallergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（62.0%），mixed fungi（32.1%）and house dust（27.3%）.Single positive allergen（43.8%），dual positive allergen（28.1%）and triple positive allergen（15.4%）were the most common combinations. The proportion of single positive allergens in the juvenile group（1 to 17 years old）（35.2%）was lower than adult group（≥18 years old）（46.7%），while the proportion of multiple positive allergens was higher than adult group. The positive rates of mulberry and mixed grass in male group were higher than female group. The positive rates of house dust，cat fur and dog fur in the juvenile group were higher than the adult group，while the positive rate of mulberry，cockroach and mixed grass were lower than the adult group. In the elder group（60-88 years old），the positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and mixed fungi were higher than the other three groups. The positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in summer and autumn were higher than that in winter and spring. The positive rate of mixed grass in autumn was much higher and the positive rate of mixed trees and mulberry trees in spring was higher than summer and autumn. Conclusion:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus，mixed fungi and house dust were the most common aeroallergens among patients with allergic rhinitis in Wuhan. The distribution characteristics in different genders，ages and seasons were different..

Prevalence of Common Aeroallergens in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis in Gorgan, North of Iran, Based on Skin Prick Test Reactivity

Background Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common types of rhinitis. Allergen avoidance is the most important way of preventing this disease. The present study is carried out to determine the frequency of common aeroallergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Gorgan city by skin prick test (SPT) reactivity. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study 270 patients referring to the Asthma and Allergic Center in Gorgan city, Iran, were enrolled. Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was confirmed by specialist asthma and allergy. A questionnaire containing demographic data and patient’s history was completed. Skin prick test containing standard allergen extracts, histamine, and physiologic serum was performed on patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version16.0. Results: In the present study, 270 patients (113 males and 157 females) had perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), and mixed allergic rhinitis (MAR) (n=166, 54, 47, receptivity). Out of these patients, the most common aeroallergens was a house dust mite called Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (43.7%), other common allergen were: weeds (40.7%), Dermatophagoides farinae (40.4%), grasses (32.5%), beetles (30%), trees (22.5%), and molds (16.3%). There was a significant relationship between prevalence of allergy to grasses and gender (P=0.016), weeds and age (P<0.05). Conclusion According to the results, the most prevalent aeroallergen was house dust mite. Weeds and beetles were also common among patients, respectively. Because of the high prevalence of allergy to mites in this region, we suggest finding some useful preventi.

Sensitization to Aeroallergens in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies

Background: Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that cause alterations in the immune system, leading to the increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. The aim was to evaluate the presence of clinical manifestations and diagnoses of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in patients diagnosed with PID, and correlate these with allergen sensitization verified by skin prick testing (SPT). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study was conducted from February 2015 to February 2016. We performed a medical report analysis and SPT for aeroallergens in patients with a PID diagnosis. Results: Thirty-one patients with a PID diagnosis were included. The mean age of the participants was 15.41 years. From the 31 patients, 28 had symptoms suggestive of allergic disease (asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis) and only 7 presented positive SPT for at least 1 aeroallergen. Conclusion: The frequency of allergenic sensitization in the group of patients with PID and symptoms suggestive of asthma, rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis is lower than that found in the general population, probably due the impairment of IgE formation secondary to their immunologic alterations.