Advices In Order Research Articles

Evaluating Suitable Glosa-Algorithms by Simulation Considering Realistic Traffic Conditions and V2X-Communication

Abstract Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication allows infrastructure elements, e.g., traffic lights, to directly communicate with vehicles, thereby allowing services like Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA), Probe Vehicle Data (PVD), and Traffic Signal Priority Request (TSP). The idea behind GLOSA is to assist vehicles approaching an intersection with speed advices in order to fulfill a given objective, e.g., minimizing fuel usage, emissions and/or delay. In a prior work (Kloeppel et al., 2019), several GLOSA algorithms were examined and their fitness (in the form of CO2 emissions, fuel usage and delay) were evaluated under largely realistic conditions. This paper is an extension of the prior work and presents further examinations, which include a more detailed study on the behaviour of Diesel-powered vehicles when using the GLOSA algorithm of Stebbins et al. (2017) as well as a study considering fixed-time control coupled with intelligent vehicles.

The Measures of Training Middle School Students’ Capacity on Independent Experiment

Experiment is the most fundamental and important measure in scientific research, and it is also a necessary condition for the training of students’ creativity. Experiment is a bridge between chemical theories and practicing reality, which improves students’ understanding of knowledge, and the capacity of creative research. As independent experiment is comprehensive test for students’ theoretical and practicing skills, this article will discuss the current situation of students’ experimental capacity, and offer advices in order to promote the result.

Microencapsulated Cells for Cancer Therapy.

The microencapsulation of different types of cells that are able to produce therapeutic factors is being investigated for the treatment of several human diseases. Most efforts are focused on chronic and degenerative diseases as this strategy could become an alternative to some commonly used parenteral treatments that need to be repeatedly administered. But, this approach has also been investigated in the field of oncology with the aim of providing immunomodulatory antibodies that are able to enhance the patient's inherent immune response against the tumor. These kind of treatments would provide the patient with the therapeutic drug produced in situ, de novo, and in a sustained way, making the therapy more comfortable.Although different devices are nowadays available to produce cell-enclosing alginate-microcapsules, here, we describe the most important steps and advices in order to fabricate alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate microcapsules containing hybridoma cells for cancer management using an electrostatic bead generator, and how to evaluate the viability of those cells over the time.

Radiation Dose in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children

Background: There is concern about radiation dose in children during cardiovascular catheterization and many believe that the use of computerized tomography is much better than conventional catheterization and angiography. The aim of this study is to compare the radiation dose between diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children. Methods: 178 patients with congenital heart disease enrolled in this study. Patients have been divided into 3 groups of CT angiography, conventional angiography and intervention. Data include: sex, age, weight, fluoroscopy time, total radiation dose of CT angiography, the amount of reference point air Kerma (Ka, r) (reference dose) and kerma area product (Pka) of fluoroscopy machine. Peak skin dose (PSD) was calculated for intervention and conventional angiography patients using the following formula: PSD = 249 + 5.2 × PKA. The data has been analyzed by SPSS version 20. In this study the P-value less than 0.05 was considered meaningful. Results: The patients were similar in sex, age and weight in all the three groups. The mean reference point air kerma (ka,r) in intervention group was meaningfully higher than the other two groups (P < 0.001) , but in some patients of CT Angiography group the radiation dose was higher than conventional angiography group. The mean kerma area product (pka) in intervention group was higher than angiography group, although this difference is less meaningful statistically (P = 0.049). The Fluoroscopy time (P = 0.035) in intervention group was meaningfully higher than angiography group. The mean calculated pick skin dose (PSD) was 437 ± 383 miligray and 213 ± 508 miligray for intervention and conventional angiography groups respectively (P < 0.001). In intervention group, Fluoroscopy time (P = 0.037), ka,r (P = 0.17) ( and Pka (P = 0.02) are more about VSD closure than other procedures. Conclusions: Given the results of this study, the use of fluoroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cardiovascular diseases is safe but with due attention to sensitivity of children to some side effects of X-ray compared to adults, considering safety advices in order to reduce fluoroscopy time, radiation dose and the use of standard protection to reduce X-ray absorption is necessary.

Predictive Microbiology Models and Operational Readiness

A diverse field of predictive microbiology models has emerged in the past 30 years and has advanced our understanding of microbial behavior in foods. As most of published models have for objective to provide operationally relevant information to decision makers, predictive microbiology models have now found their place within both the academic, and the food industrial communities.Given the importance of these models to food safety, the decision makers are in need of evidence-based advices in order to assess confidence in the predictions provided by models they use. The objectives of this work were (i) to review current approaches in predictive microbiology used to build, verify and validate models, and (ii) to propose a categorization scheme that would tend to define a model's viability for use in an operational setting.

Gender-specific association of coronary artery calcium and lipoprotein parameters: The Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study

BackgroundCoronary atherosclerosis can be detected by computed tomography. The amount of coronary artery calcification (CAC) is related to cardiovascular risk factors, the strength of the gender specific relation between lipoprotein parameters and CAC has not extensively been studied. Especially, the role of routinely determined lipoproteins in contrast to less common and computed lipid parameters (e.g. ratios) remains to be clarified. Methods and resultsThe study cohort (n = 3956, 52% women, age 45–75 years) was randomly selected from three cities of a German metropolitan area. Lipoproteins–low-and high density lipoprotein (LDL-C/HDL-C), total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1 and B (apoA-1/apoB) as well as lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were measured, while non-HDL-C was calculated. All participants received an electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) for quantification of CAC. Adjusted for age and cardiovascular risk factors, CAC increased by a factor of 1.97 (1.51–2.57, 95% CI) and 1.94 (1.53–2.45, 95% CI) comparing the fourth to the first quartile of LDL-C for men and women, respectively. This association with LDL-C was also found after dichotomization of CAC at thresholds >0, ≥100 and ≥400. The best association of CAC was, however, found to be apoB and the second best was non HDL-C, in both men and women. For apoB, the model including all risk factors reached an explained variance for CAC of 20.2% in men and of 21.6% in women. When using LDL-C as a given parameter according to the current practice and advice, HDL-C in men and apoB in women provided an additional but small benefit. ConclusionApoB showed the best association with CAC compared to all other tested lipoproteins. Neither the ratio LDL-C/HDL-C nor apoB/apoA-1, or Lp(a) revealed a closer association with CAC. While lipoproteins are related to CAC more closely in women than in men, their association with CAC is, however, not particularly strong. Our results may influence primary and secondary prevention advices in order to improve detection of subclinical atherosclerosis, for which lipoprotein parameters can only play a minor role.

Assessing the energy consumption for heating and cooling in hospitals

This work is a part of a larger project initiated under the patronage of Europe's Information Society, within ICT PSP – ICT Policy Support Programme11Call identifier CIP-ICT-PSP-2008-2, Project full title “Intelligent Energy Efficiency Control in Hospitals”, Project acronym “HosPilot”; www.hospilot.eu. in order to increase energy efficiency in hospitals, using a variety of currently available technologies. A prerequisite for the determination of savings is the accurate calculation of energy consumption and then the application of different methods of intelligent control for the energy savings, which should be combined with a system of expert advices in order to gain the highest efficiency. This study concentrates on the first part of the problem – the creation of a mathematical tool for the exact calculation of room/building energy demands.

Regional Development Contribution of Toursim:Case of Adiyaman

Tourism has an important role in some issues such as exchange input, increasing business opportunities and decreasing blank of the paying balance. That’s why, sector of tourism is seen as a key sector in economical development and vanishing the imbalanced of inter-regions in developing countries. In this scope, Adiyaman (Turkey), located in the region of the GAP (South Eastern Anatolian Project), has a significant status in the aspect of tourism and due to this; Adiyaman is expecting to be evaluated. It is very sufficient to reveal the potential of Adiyaman in the point of tourism sector and to give advices in order to improve the status. In this study, the position of the tourism sector in Turkish economy was manifested by means of various indicators. According to this, the number of the tourists visiting Turkey has increased about twenty two times and income of the tourism has increased fifthy-three times. It has been also determined that, the rate of the tourism incomes in GNP has reached 2,9 %; the rate in the export has reached 20,8 %. In addition to these, some analysis and comments have been suggested by determining the status of Adiyaman in this relation and contributions that will support the country and regional development have been mentioned.

Optimal preparation for small bowel examinations with video capsule endoscopy

Video capsule endoscopy is a major advance for small bowel exploration. Although the clinical benefit is well accepted, there are still unresolved issues concerning patient preparation. This study was set up in order to clarify the clinical benefit of small bowel preparation and give advices in order to obtain the best results for this expensive device. 116 patients were randomised in 3 centres between two preparations from the traditional liquid diet versus polyethylene glycol colonoscopy-like preparation. External viewer monitoring and recording pictures were focused on image quality, bubbles or diet residues. Picture qualities were assessed blindly. For jejunal exploration no differences were noticed between the two preparations but for the ileum, polyethylene glycol preparation gives significant better results than liquid diet: air bubbles (64.4% versus 29.8% p<0.05); opaque residue (83.1% versus 38.6% p<0.05). External viewer was useful in order to use prokinetic drugs in case of delayed gastric emptying. The result leads to a new advice for colleagues in handling patients in order to improve the diagnosis yield by using a modified polyethylene glycol preparation.

Study of contemporary art preservation with digitization

Since 2006, the Contemporary Art Group at the Research Department of French Museum Conservation and Research Center (C2RMF - Ministry of Culture) has been working on technological obsolescence phenomena. The purpose of this program is to study the impact of technological evolution on contemporary art works and, more precisely, on their preservation. Among contemporary art collections, our group focuses essentially on technological installations, with audiovisual or digital elements, and is mainly concerned with obsolescence phenomena.Since the late 1960s, an increasing number of art works kept in contemporary art collections consist in still or moving images. Many of these images are now conserved on obsolete devices and formats which essentially has as consequences that it becomes difficult to produce new copies when operating copies are damaged; it becomes difficult when the state of conservation of originals is alterated, to remedy (i.e. to treat or replace); and it becomes difficult to find the necessary equipment to read (or diffuse) these images. It becomes simply impossible to present certain parts of museum art collections: their accessibility is threatened and hence their own conservation and preservation.Faced with this combined obsolescence of media, devices and formats, those responsible for collections, the curators or conservators, frequently carry out the digitization of repositories for purposes of diffusion or preservation. However, a digitization campaign requires specialized and technological skills which are currently not available in museums.Because arts works are unique and non standard objects, methods of mass digitization used in other domains, such as television or libraries archives can not be directly imported. We actually focus on avant-garde or experimental cinema digitization, because film in 16 or 35mm will probably soon no longer be available. We made a study on the digitization of such movies, with focused on conservation of colors and on time based phenomena like flicker. Avant-garde and experimental films often consist in abstracts images, based on colors and flicker. We wanted to evaluate the modifications leaded by the change of technology.We detail here an experiment focusing on color. We first defined the framework of reproduction adopted by the two main French repositories of art movies. Then, we worked with a postproduction company and analyzed digitization, based on the colorimetric characterization of input and output digitization devices, inspired by color management in photography.Three colorists did a digitization with the aim of preserving the original colors. The results show a huge difference between film colors and digital colors. An analyze of such differences found correlations between colorists and connects these results with photography, color management and psychophysics. Limits of color conservations in digitalization of experimental movies are exposed here as well as advices in order to minimize then.

Forest tree responses to extreme drought and some biotic events: Towards a selection according to hazard tolerance?

The aim of this paper is to illustrate how some extreme events could affect forest ecosystems. Forest tree response can be analysed using dendroecological methods, as tree-ring widths are strongly controlled by climatic or biotic events. Years with such events induce similar tree responses and are called pointer years. They can result from extreme climatic events like frost, a heat wave, spring water logging, drought or insect damage… Forest tree species showed contrasting responses to climatic hazards, depending on their sensitivity to water shortage or temperature hardening, as illustrated from our dendrochronological database. For foresters, a drought or a pest disease is an extreme event if visible and durable symptoms are induced (leaf discolouration, leaf loss, perennial organs mortality, tree dieback and mortality). These symptoms here are shown, lagging one or several years behind a climatic or biotic event, from forest decline cases in progress since the 2003 drought or attributed to previous severe droughts or defoliations in France. Tree growth or vitality recovery is illustrated, and the functional interpretation of the long lasting memory of trees is discussed. A coupled approach linking dendrochronology and ecophysiology helps in discussing vulnerability of forest stands, and suggests management advices in order to mitigate extreme drought and cope with selective mortality.

Bolivar and the Millennium Development Goals

In spite the notorious advances made by some countries in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals promoted by the UNDP, the advance within the countries, particularly in their different regions is unknown. This report pretends to show a base line of this project for the Bolivar department, and suggest some policy advices in order to achieve the 2015 goals.

Influence of mattress characteristics on house dust mite allergen concentration

Exposure to a high level of house dust mite allergens (HDMAs) is considered as a risk factor for HDM sensitization and development of asthma in genetically disposed people. Mattresses are one of the most important sources of HDMA in people's living environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between mattress characteristics and HDMA concentrations on mattresses. Dust samples of mattress surfaces were taken to evaluate the level of Der p 1 allergen. All participants filled in a questionnaire about the type of mattress, the type of covering (upper layer) of the mattress, dwelling characteristics and cleaning habits. Humidity and temperature of the bedroom were measured at the time of dust sampling. One hundred and sixty-eight questionnaires were filled in. Synthetic upper layer of the mattress was associated with a higher level of Der p 1 compared with cotton upper layer (2.6 vs. 0.8 microg/g Der p 1). Moreover, higher relative humidity (RH) was associated with significant higher concentrations and density of Der p 1. Two factors were associated with lower levels of Der p 1 found on mattresses, namely: a cotton upper layer of the mattress compared with a layer of synthetic material and lower RH at the time of sampling. As far as we know, the association between type of upper layer and concentration of Der p 1 has not been described before and could lead to the formulation of practical advices in order to reduce HDMA concentrations on mattresses.