Adventure Tourism Activities Research Articles

Reliability Assessment of Himalayan Trekking Indicators Through Cronbach’s Alpha

Tourism significantly impacts global economies, outpacing overall economic growth with a notable 3.5% increase in 2019, contributing USD 9.2 trillion to the worldwide GDP. Adventure tourism, a rapidly expanding sector, offers exciting experiences and minimal infrastructure needs, making it suitable for ecologically sensitive regions. With its diverse natural resources, particularly in the Himalayan range, India is well-positioned to develop this sector. Trekking, a key adventure tourism activity, requires careful planning and understanding of trail difficulties, which are often inconsistently assessed. This paper aims to quantify trekking trail quality through specific attributes—spatial, climatic, regional connectivity, and perception-based—and tests this reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha. A questionnaire formed on a 9-point Likert scale was distributed to two groups, one containing trekkers (RG1) and the other having experts (RG2). Results indicated high internal consistency after iterative refinement of the indicators. RG2's streamlined model, with higher initial consistency and fewer iterations needed to achieve reliability, is recommended for the assessment due to its balanced and comprehensive approach. This research underscores the importance of reliable trail assessment methodologies to enhance trekking experiences and promote sustainable adventure tourism in India.

Adventure tourism experiences of young Vietnamese travelers: perspectives on social media, safety, tour preferences or do-it-yourself

ABSTRACT This study examines the interconnectedness of various themes within adventure tourism, focusing on the role of social media, concerns about safety and risk management, the preference for organized tours, and challenges faced during adventure tourism activities. Grounded in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory, this research explores the experiences of twelve young Vietnamese travelers. The analysis reveals three key themes related to social media's influence on adventure tourism: inspiration and discovery, information and research, and community and connection. The study also identifies three themes regarding the decision-making process of young Vietnamese travelers: research and evaluation, personal assessment and preparation, and adherence to safety guidelines. Additionally, five themes emerge concerning the preference for organized tours or do-it-yourself adventures: convenience and peace of mind, expertise and guidance, structured experiences and well-organized experience, overcoming physical and mental challenges through support, and adaptability and problem-solving. By examining the interconnectedness of these themes, this study provides valuable insights for adventure tourism providers, marketers, and policymakers, enabling them to enhance the experiences of young Vietnamese travelers and develop targeted strategies and safety measures.

Tourism for Economic Prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal

Tourism is a multidimensional mega industry interconnected with hospitality services and facilities. It generates assorted business connectivity with transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment, nature, culture and adventure business and facilities. Obviously, tourism has some significant implications over the local economy at community as well as destination level. However, the variance of tourism impacts on various districts and provinces of Nepal mainly depends on the availability and abundance of tourism products, activities and the level of hospitality practices of the destinations. This study, therefore, is an attempt to analyze the potentiality of tourism as an opportunity for economic prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal based on the economic contributions of major tourism components of the province. The trend of visitors’ flow, people’s involvement in tourism as entrepreneurs, volume of revenue generation and the number of employment creation are major variants of analysis for this paper. The paper is based on qual-quan method of analysis with partial use of secondary date published from tourism related authorities and organizations whereas a focus group discussion of the leaders of tourism entrepreneurs’ associations and the representations of concerned authorities is the major source of primary information. The study has come up with the finding that there is a huge potentiality of tourism development and an ample opportunity for economic prosperity via tourism in Gandaki province and hence suggested to incorporate tourism in the plans and policies of the province as a crux of development mainly through the involvement of local community, enhancement of village tourism and promotion of adventure tourism activities and products in the province.

Adventure Tourism in and Around Khatima City

The different types of adventure tourism activities available in and around Khatima. The types of tourist undertaking these activities and the level of adventure involved. Perception of the tourists towards adventure tourism. Limitations and challenges of adventure tourism.

Psychological Benefits of Adventure Tourism

Adventure tourism, characterized by activities involving risk, challenge, and excitement in natural environments, has gained significant attention due to its potential psychological benefits. This paper delves into the scientific exploration of the psychological advantages associated with engaging in adventure tourism. Drawing from a comprehensive review of existing literature, theoretical frameworks, and empirical evidence, the paper elucidates the profound impact of adventure tourism on individuals' mental well-being.
 The paper begins by defining adventure tourism and highlighting its escalating popularity worldwide. It establishes the crucial link between psychological well-being and adventure tourism, emphasizing the importance of understanding and promoting mental health benefits in outdoor recreational activities. The conceptual framework encompasses various theories such as flow theory, biophilia hypothesis, and nature connectedness, providing a theoretical basis for examining the psychological dimensions of adventure tourism experiences.
 Through an in-depth analysis of empirical studies and case examples, the paper explores the diverse psychological benefits offered by adventure tourism. These benefits include stress reduction, coping mechanisms development, enhancement of self-esteem and self-confidence, and the cultivation of resilience and adaptability. The empirical evidence presented underscores the positive psychological transformations experienced by individuals participating in adventure tourism activities.
 Furthermore, the paper addresses methodological considerations, including research design, sampling techniques, and data collection methods employed in studying the psychological effects of adventure tourism. It also discusses challenges and ethical considerations associated with promoting mental well-being in adventure tourism contexts. Based on the findings, the paper offers recommendations and best practices for adventure tourism operators, policymakers, and practitioners to optimize the psychological benefits for participants. It concludes by advocating for continued research and the integration of mental health support into adventure tourism programs, highlighting the immense potential of adventure tourism as a catalyst for enhancing individuals' psychological well-being.

The Moderating Role of Risk Perception in the Relationships Between Motivation, Attitude, and Involvement in Adventure Activities: A Study from Young Vietnamese Travelers

ABSTRACT This study examines the moderating role of risk perception in the relationships between motivation, attitude, and involvement in adventure activities among young Vietnamese travelers. Drawing upon the SDT and using a sample of 618 participants, the research employs structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. The findings confirm that the motivation positively influenced the youth’s attitude toward adventure tourism. The attitude of youth toward adventure tourism was found to impact involvement in adventure activities. Moreover, the study reveals that the attitude of youth toward adventure tourism mediates the relationship between motivation for adventure tourism and involvement in adventure tourism activities. Furthermore, risk perception moderates the relationships between motivation in adventure tourism and involvement, as well as between the attitude of youth toward adventure tourism and involvement. These findings contribute to understanding the factors influencing adventure tourism engagement among young Vietnamese travelers.

Book Review: Ethical and Responsible Tourism: Managing Sustainability in Local Tourism Destinations

Ethical and responsible tourism managing sustainability in local tourism destinations to explore new tourism destinations regarding situations related to responsible tourism and sustainability based on sustainability management in local destinations. The basic aim of studying this theme is to expolarize several diverse situations related to ethical and responsible tourism based on the concept of how we manage sustainability in local tourism destinations, both methodologies, and practices that can be used to maintain environmental sustainability in local communities that are still vulnerable while gaining benefits from ecological, cultural, cultural heritage and adventure tourism activities at an economic level. This has an impact on local tourism operational processes which demonstrate responsible and sustainable destination management as well as maximizing socio-economic benefits and minimizing negative impacts and maximizing benefits for the community, visitors, and cultural heritage. This review is a critique of Ethical and Responsible Tourism in Managing Sustainability in Local Tourism Destinations Second Edition by Marko Koščak and Tony O’Rourke. Koščak and O’Rourke explained that the sustainability of ethical and responsible tourism management is considered important which includes three main themes that can be measured and planned to utilize tourism destination management, starting from environmental and social aspects to creating ethical sustainable development, and the impact of business tourism. This review will evaluate ethical and responsible tourism management approaches on the sustainability of their impact on tourism development in local tourism destinations relating to the important balance between socio-economic objectives that provide benefits to local communities in the short to medium term.

Gen Z's Interest in Adventure Tourism Activities in Pine Forests

Tourism is one sector that has the potential to support economic activities. Indonesia has many interesting tourist destinations, both natural and man-made tourism, many villages that have developed into tourist villages, including Karyamukti Village with the superior tourist attraction Gunung Padang Site. Apart from the Padang Mountain Megalithic Site, the Karyamukti Tourism Village also has several tourist attractions, one of which is the pine forest area tourist attraction. The pine forest located in Karyamukti Village functions as a camping ground. The aim of this research is to determine the tourist interest of young people, especially Gen Z, towards tourism in pine forests, and also to find out what types of tourism activities are suitable to be implemented in pine forest tourism areas, especially adventure tourism activities. The research method used is a quantitative method, with the aim of finding out the percentage of Gen Z's interest in adventure tourism activities and the type of tourism activities desired. The research results show that the majority of Gen Z wants camping, glamping and outbound as adventure tourism activities in pine forests.

ASSESSING THE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL, FEASIBILITY AND VISITOR ASSESSMENT IN THE SIPINSUR GEOSITE NATURAL TOURISM AREA, TOBA CALDERA GLOBAL GEOPARK, INDONESIA

This study aims to examine the potential of tourism objects, development feasibility, visitor assessment of aspects of travel satisfaction, services and conditions of infrastructure, as well as visitor participation in conservation and the environment. This research was conducted using the analysis method of Analysis of Operation Areas of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions (AOA-NTOA) and descriptive analysis using survey and interview methods. The research instrument used is the Guidelines for AOA-NTOA issued by the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that Sipinsur Nature Tourism has three potentials, namely; 1) The beauty of natural scenery with a cool mountain microclimate, the diversity of various types of aesthetic flora and fauna, namely various species of aesthetic trees such as Sumatran pine (Pinus merkusii) and red shoot tree (Syzygium oleana), various palms, and flower plants; 2) Various exotic fauna such as wild cats and eagles; 3) Camping ground area as a center for adventure tourism activities. The results of the development feasibility analysis were declared feasible to be developed into a more developed tourist attraction with an average feasibility index of 73.98%. Visitors' assessment of the aspect of travel satisfaction shows that the majority visit more than 1 time and disseminate information to other parties. The majority of visitors (80.1%) get information about Sipinsur’s natural attractions from friends/relatives. The majority of visits were carried out in groups (96%), namely with groups of friends/professionals 56.56% and family (42.42%). As many as 78.78% of visitors make Sipinsur the main destination, with the most visit duration between 2-4 hours (34.34%). In the aspect of visitor assessment of the service and condition of facilities and infrastructure of tourism objects, the majority of visitors rate like/interested/good, some rate very like/very good/very interested, and only a few rate less good / less attractive on the overall assessment indicators. For the aspect of visitor participation in conservation and the environment, it shows that the majority of visitors reject various irresponsible behaviors and actions and are willing to participate in conservation efforts and preservation of the surrounding environment. The development feasibility analysis was declared feasible to be developed into a more developed tourist attraction. Assessment of tourism satisfaction aspects shows that the majority visit more than once and disseminate information to other parties. The majority of visitors like and have a good impression of aspects of service, facilities, and infrastructure. For the aspect of participation in conservation and the environment, it shows that the majority of visitors are aware of the responsibility and willing to participate.

Fish-Based Aqua-Tourism Centre for Development of Economical, Environmental and Cultural Security- A Case Study at Jasingfaa Aqua-Tourism Centre, Nagaon, Assam, India

Recreational or sports fishing is one of the most popular leisure activities which can also be termed fishing for pleasure or competition. It is regarded as one of the leading adventure tourism activities across the world. The most common form of recreational fishing is angling which generates sizeable income for the people where the angling takes place. The angling may take place in both natural and man-made water bodies. Going by the recent trends, recreational fishing is being considered an intrinsic part of eco-tourism which involves exploring scenic locations and experiencing the local cuisine, culture and heritage. Besides providing an opportunity to create income-generating activities, recreational fishing also contributes to conserving natural resources. Looking into the vast and varied fishery resources, Assam has the probability to promote aqua tourism activities as an alternative to adventure and wildlife tourism. This paper, thus, tries to explore and presents a case of a pioneer aqua tourism centre, i.e., Jasingfaa Aqua Tourism Centre, located in the central Assam district of Nagaon, Assam. Angling is a regular sports activity in the centre. Besides regular angling, the centre organises a Fish Festival consisting of an angling competition and other activities once a year following the ‘catch and release’ rule. The PRA tools like interviews and direct observation methods were administered to carry out the study. Jasingfaa is found to have evolved as a successful model of aqua tourism which generates a large number of direct and indirect employment opportunities besides contributing immensely towards nature conservation.

RISK MANAGEMENT IN VIA FERRATA CLIFF CLIMBING TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN MOUNT MENDELEM, PEMALANG REGENCY

Today's tourism industry has experienced rapid changes due to the variety of tourists now wanting to obtain an authentic experience. In Indonesia itself, adventure tourism has become a prima donna since 2018 because it has brought 100,000 tourists from all over the world. This provides great economic value for the destination visited up to 67%. Via ferrata is one of the growing adventure tourism activities in Indonesia. Despite the high risk, this activity has a main market, which is the general public who want to experience rock climbing without having to have special abilities. In order to minimize these risks, it is necessary to have risk management so that the via ferrata can be made into extreme tourism but still safe for public tourists. The purpose of this research is to identify and find out the theoretical implications of risk management carried out via ferrata managers. Good risk management is applying industry management based on existing policies, standards, and procedures. The method used is qualitative descriptive with analysis using coding tools. Via ferrata does not yet have standard rules and SOPs. The new risk management is assessed based on the safety aspects of the safety equipment referring to the UIAA. All Mount Mendelem via ferrata operators do not have rock climbing certification and the existing SOP has not been written and the implementation is not suitable. Even so, in terms of security, the manager takes great care to create a tracking lane as an alternative to the down lane. So in this case the manager has applied the standards well but not yet for the policies and procedures used.

Eudaimonic well-being development: Motives driving mountain-based adventure tourism

Eudaimonic well-being development: Motives driving mountain-based adventure tourism

Logistics Management in Tourism: A Literature Survey on Role of Emergency Logistics Preparedness in Adventure Tourism in the United Republic of Tanzania

This paper aims to investigate the significance of emergency logistics preparedness in adventure tourism through a literature review. The methodology used in this study is based on reviewing published papers on logistics planning, preparedness, and emergency logistics in adventure tourism. The information gathered was analyzed to determine the contribution of emergency logistics to adventure tourism. The study is grounded in the resource-based view (RBV) theory, which provides a managerial framework for identifying the strategic resources that firms can leverage to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The study finds that emergency logistics play a crucial role in structuring the best framework for rescue and providing relief for accidents that may occur during adventure tourism activities. The study emphasizes that emergency logistics preparedness is critical in adventure tourism since accidents are inevitable and a quick response creates confidence among tourists and encourages them to revisit. Therefore, the study concludes that it is essential for organizations in the tourism industry, both public and private, to have emergency plans that consider the likelihood of disasters and crises. Such plans should outline the necessary actions to be taken and how to rescue the situation and recover from it. Therefore, organizations in the tourism industry need to prioritize emergency logistics preparedness, including training tour guides on logistical issues for disaster operations, having plans in place relating to routes of rescue, communication of risk, and utilizing human resources in connection with logistical activities and functions aimed at emergency and relief operations.

Factors affecting adventure tourist satisfaction: Evidence from Indonesia

Adventure tourism has received significant attention recently because it offers unique sensations. Managers of adventure tourism objects need to understand the determinants of satisfaction in adventure tourism. This study aims to examine the effect of intrinsic motivation and flow theory on extreme and non-extreme adventure tourists’ satisfaction in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sample includes 405 tourists engaged in adventure tourism activities (extreme adventure tourism activities – 200 respondents, and non-extreme adventure tourism activities – 205 respondents). Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) was used to analyze the data. The results show that autonomy and competence influence flow experience (p-value < 0.05). This applies to extreme adventure and non-extreme adventure tourism. Furthermore, flow experience has a positive effect on adventure tourist satisfaction. In the context of extreme adventure tourism, autonomy does not affect the satisfaction of extreme adventure tourists (path coefficients = 0.025 and p-value = 0.761). In the context of non-extreme adventure tourism, competence does not affect the satisfaction of non-extreme adventure tourists (path coefficients = –0.036 and p-value = 0.682). This study recommends that managers of non-extreme tourism spots add challenging aspects to tour packages because they are believed to increase tourist satisfaction.

Self-identity and adventure tourism: Cross-country comparisons of youth consumers

Self-identity and adventure tourism: Cross-country comparisons of youth consumers

Novice tourists’ play experience in commercial outdoor adventure tourism: The perspective of reversal theory

Novice tourists’ play experience in commercial outdoor adventure tourism: The perspective of reversal theory

Antecedents Experiential Commitment and Consequences in Willingness to Post Photo and Behavioral Intention Toward the Destination

The purpose of this study was to examine whether Destination Image, Place Attachment, Place Identity, Place Dependence and Experiential Commitment have an effect on Behavioral Intentions toward the destination, willingness to post photos. The population of this study is tourists who visit Labuan Bajo tourism. This study's sample size was 200 people. This is a quantitative study using a survey method. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. Online questionnaires were distributed to domestic tourists who visit Labuan Bajo and the technique sampling using a Non Probability Sampling approach with purposive sampling, with the criteria that tourists visit Labuan Bajo at least once a year. PLS-SEM is used to analyze data. The results showed that there was a positive influence between the variables Destination Image, Place Attachment, Place Identity, Place Dependence, Experiential Commitment, Behavioral Intentions toward the destination, willingness to post photo. Labuan Bajo have an adventure Tourism Activities, cultural Tourism Experience, Culinary Experience (Cruise Dining, Dining with a View), beautiful spot photo and scenery.

Rancangan Produk Rekreasi Wisata Memancing Sungai Bogowonto, Kabupaten Purworejo

The distribution of tourism potential in Purworejo Regency has been well mapped and must be supported by suitable approach, one of which is the development of river tourism. The actual river tourism activities that have been developed on the Bogowonto River are adventure tourism activities, namely white water rafting. However, the potential of river tourism on Bogowonto River is not only limited for rafting. The development of recreational fishing products on the Bogowonto River can be an opportunity for tourism development in Purworejo Regency. Recreational fishing regarded as a form of tourism activity in accordance with sustainable tourism (Hall, 2019; UNWTO, 2021). This can be seen from the pattern of recreational fishing that does not focus on the number of fish caught, the arrangement of the tools used, as well as the positive impact given to the community on the economic side. The study (Butler et al., 2020) shows that there is a positive contribution of fishing tourism to ecological preservation. From the business side, the Government of Indonesia has regulated fishing tourism businesses (Regulation of the Minister of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2015 concerning Standards for Fishing Tourism Business, 2015), including business arrangements for providing places and facilities for fishing activities using special equipment and safety equipment including the provision of guide services. This study will identify and analyze recreational fishing tourism products based on packages, fishing equipment, fishing tour guides and supporting facilities in the Bogowonto River Area, Purworejo Regency. The long-term goal of this research is to contribute to the design of recreational fishing products for the development of tourist destinations in Purworejo Regency as a guide for stakeholders regarding the utilization of the Bogowonto River

Adventure sports and nature-based tourism: Assessment of canyoning spots in the North Region of Portugal

The growing demand for natural areas and outdoor activities in the last decade, even more noticeable in the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic situation, has led to the intensification and diversification of nature-based tourism supply in many regions, including the provision of adventure recreation activities, such as canyoning. However, and despite the increasing interest of companies, destinations, and academia in this specific type of activity, there is limited information on resources, practice conditions, and assessments based on specific, objective criteria. This information is critical for a more competitive development and positioning of regions for this activity, and to meet tourists’ increasingly demanding expectations. Therefore, this paper aims at building upon the identified research gap, by characterizing and evaluating the existing conditions for canyoning activity in the North Region of Portugal, This evaluation of twenty-seven canyoning spots. was done based on an assessment matrix, comprised of specific criteria, grounded on the literature review and semi-structured interviews with companies’ owners/managers and experts. The study concludes that the activity is evolving in the region and there is still potential for development, due to morphological, favourable conditions. Moreover, the region offers different spots, often inserted in protected areas, with unique landscapes and natural diversity, which is attractive for tourism. The presentation of an assessment matrix (that allows the characterization and evaluation of canyoning spots on a systematic approach in different geographic contexts) makes this study a contribution to the literature on nature-based, adventure tourism and recreation activities.

Tourist motivations to participate in adventure tourism activities in Gauteng, South Africa

Motivation, which originates in consumer behaviour, plays a significant role in explaining tourist demand. Several researchers have found that adventure tourists are motivated by adventure activities that contain the elements of risk, challenge, sensation, excitement, the locus of control, escape, and social reasons. The objective of this study was to examine tourist motivations to participate in adventure tourism activities in Gauteng, South Africa. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were chosen using a snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were applied, and the results were presented using tables. The results revealed that fun, excitement and exploring new destinations are the main motivating factors for adventure tourists to participate in adventure tourism activities. Furthermore, the results revealed that the respondents mostly participated in adventure activities that are far from their home, and they only started participating in these activities at a certain stage of their lives.