Adult Visitors Research Articles

Active and sedentary use of public open spaces in Asian countries

ABSTRACT Public open spaces are important resources for physical activity. Observational studies conducted in Western countries found that public open spaces users tend to be mostly sedentary, while a few studies conducted in Asia (China, Thailand) reported more active patterns of public open spaces use. To better understand in what ways public open spaces are used in Asia, we examined how active and sedentary public open spaces users were in Bangladesh and the Philippines, where no research on this topic has been conducted. We collected data from adult visitors of 10 public open spaces using on-site intercept surveys, in which they reported the duration of active and sedentary use of public open spaces. The mean total time spent in public open spaces by 804 participants was 53 min (standard deviation: 19 min). A high level of active public open spaces use was observed: about 70% of the time in public open spaces was active (65% in Bangladesh, 73% in the Philippines). However, women and older adults were less active in public open spaces than their counterpart. Our findings suggest that producing more public open spaces and promoting public open spaces use in these Asian countries may help to increase adults’ physical activity. Future research should identify features of public open spaces that can encourage women and older adults to engage in active public open spaces use.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of an Urdu version of the Vaccine Attitudes Examination (VAX-U) scale.

Martin and Petrie developed the Vaccine Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale with an aim to document general vaccination attitudes. Vaccine acceptance plays an important role in curbing COVID-19 infections. Thus, it was important to assess vaccination attitudes of Pakistani people towards novel COVID-19 vaccines. The VAX scale was not available in Urdu language for Pakistani population. The study aimed to carry out cross-cultural adaptation and validation of an Urdu version of the Vaccine Attitude Examination (VAX) scale in a selected population sample from Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted in September 2021 in an outpatient department of a healthcare facility in Karachi, Pakistan. Adult visitors, eligible for COVID-19 vaccine and spoke Urdu as first language were invited. Convenient sampling was used, and sample size was based on an item response ratio of 1:20. An Urdu version of the VAX scale was developed. The reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The model fitness was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and fit indices namely goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). A structural equation model (SEM) was also developed. IBM SPSS and AMOS were used to analyse the data. The study had ethical clearance. A total of 211 responses were analysed. The reliability (Cronbach's α) was 0.821. The ICC was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.795-0.863). CFA using a 4-factor model revealed the following values for fit indices; GFI = 0.944, AGFI = 0.909, TLI = 0.953, CFI = 0.966, and RMSEA = 0.051. All values reported were in the acceptable range. The VAX Urdu version is a reliable and valid instrument for use in an Urdu speaking population and will enable clinicians to assess the public's attitude towards general vaccination including COVID-19 vaccination. Clinicians can use the VAX-U to document a person's vaccine hesitancy and tailor their counselling to address the issues in vaccine uptake.

The Relationship Between Self-Concept and Consumptive Behavior of Early Adult Caffe Visitors in Payakumbuh City

The Relationship Between Self-Concept and Consumptive Behavior of Early Adult Caffe Visitors in Payakumbuh City

“Science is in everything, whether we realize it or not”: using the IPA to encourage interest in the scientific study of language

Abstract One way to bring greater awareness to the fact that language can be, and often is, studied scientifically is to show people the scientific tools that linguists use to study it, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). This project investigated how doing a common IPA activity might influence people’s perceptions of language science and linguists. Adult visitors to a science museum (N = 117) participated in an activity in which they saw their name transcribed into the IPA and were guided to notice how it differed from the standard spelling, informed about some basic articulatory phonetics connected to the sounds in their names, and encouraged to think about the differences between sounds and letters more generally. Participants were then surveyed about what they had learned and their attitudes about language science. The results showed that most participants learned at least some of the core content material. More notably, the participants were more likely to believe that aspects of language such as poetry and dialects could be studied experimentally by scientists than a control group of adults who had not participated. These results demonstrate that even a brief intervention, if thoughtfully conducted, can shift attitudes towards the belief that language can be studied scientifically.

Tecendo a rede de capitais cultural e de ciência em museus de ciência no Rio de Janeiro

Museums are places for potentially promoting emotions and creating memories from the experiences they provide. In this regard, this article investigates why people visit science museums, intending to unveil the public’s diversity and facilitate the understanding of their interests and motivations for this cultural practice. Data were collected by means of a printed and self-applied questionnaire filled out by adult visitors over 30 years old during visits to five science museums located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Based on the concepts of cultural capital, science, interest and motivation, the applied analytical approach was qualitative and quantitative aided by the Collective Subject Discourse method. The findings bring contributions to the field of public and cultural leisure studies. Processes of acquiring, expanding and transmitting these forms of capital to children, family, and friends emerge from the discourses during interaction with exhibitions and educational and dissemination activities offered by science museums. This understanding can help to develop museum strategies to attract and retain their spontaneous visiting public.

An evaluation of written materials for supporting hypertensive patient education and counselling when performing a new medicine service in Poland

Background. The New Medicine Service (NMS) was developed in England more than ten years ago, as a three-stage consultation led by community pharmacists to support patients taking new medication for a chronic disease. In Poland, the scheme was officially introduced in January 2023. However, its implementation into common practice has been presented with various obstacles, including the need to develop relationships with general practitioners, resolve the payment structure, and provide training with adequate supporting materials. Hence, written materials have been designed for use as an optional tool for counselling patients receiving an NMS in community pharmacies. Methods. The present study evaluates the ability of these materials to inform patients about the need to adhere to anti-hypertensive medication. A group of 401 randomly-selected adult visitors to pharmacies and/or healthcare centres were surveyed; one third had hypertension in their history. Results. The structure, grammar and readability of the text achieved the required threshold of 40% according to the Plain Language Index. The designed materials effectively informed the patients about anti-hypertensive medication, reflected in an increased score in a knowledge test, and were rated positively regarding information level, comprehensibility and presentation. Conclusion. The proposed material may serve as an additional, “patient-friendly” educational tool for use as part of an NMS.

A Blending of Disability Studies, Art Education, and Museum Education

Many museums have been critically characterized as elitist institutions that offer few inclusive services to meet the needs and interests of marginalized populations and communities (Hill, 2016; Sandell & Nightingale, 2013). Some museums, however, are turning to visitor-centered approaches that refocus their efforts to concentrate on the needs and interests of visitors instead of the objects on display (Love & Boda, 2017; Weil, 1999). One population often still overlooked by museums are adult visitors with developmental disabilities, thus the need for increased museum programming. This work represents a literature review that begins with a close examination of conceptual frameworks provided by disability studies, followed by how disability studies relates to art education and inclusive art-making for individuals with developmental disabilities. Next, the review presents an overview of literature related to developmental disabilities, with a specific focus on adults with developmental disabilities and recreational options available to them. Finally, the literature review delves into the museum experience and visitor-centered museum education. By blending best practices in disability studies, art education, and museum education, museums are primed to create needed inclusive programming and connect with new audiences.

A decolonial look at the past, present and future based on the rescue of memories of visitors to the National History Museum (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

History museums can foster discussions about historical contexts and encourage critical reflections on power relations and values that permeate society, helping to overcome historically constructed prejudices. Knowing the audiences, their perceptions, readings and interpretations, allows the adoption of more efficient communication actions between museums and visitors. Thus, in this qualitative research, we aimed to investigate the memories of the experience of five adult visitors at the National Historical Museum, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, eight months after the visit with their families. The methodology involved the use of a semi-structured interview, with the adoption of the stimulated memory method. The results showed that the exhibition was able to promote long-term impacts, enabling the formation of memorable experiences that favored critical reflections on the part of visitors, mainly on the enslavement of black African populations, slave trade and themes related to the period of the Empire, which still reflect its problems today. It is important for museums to approach historical processes, carrying out adequate contextualization, from a decolonial perspective, which serve to raise awareness, educate and promote a movement to repair and correct the hegemonic narratives perpetuated in society.

Biodiversity and Science, Technology, Society and Environment (STSE): Visitor Perceptions at a Science and Natural History Museum

This qualitative study investigated perceptions of STSE topics manifested by adults visiting four biodiversity exhibits at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) in Toronto, Canada. Seven visitors were observed by researchers during their visits and completed post-visit interviews. The theoretical perspective on STSE relationships expounded by Pedretti and Nazir (2011) and Steele (2014) was adopted for the analysis portion of this investigation. Results indicate that the exhibits were able to communicate their central messages on the relationship between human beings and the natural world and the relationship between science and society, as well as reveal some of the effects that these messages had on the public. However, results also support the assertion that some of the intended STSE concepts were not perceived by the participants. Moreover, we identified limitations regarding adult visitors’ abilities to perceive science and technology as human activities embedded in a social, historical and moral context.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORT RECREATIONAL PARK USE IN SZEGED’S ERZSÉBET LIGET

Objective: Our research was aimed to explore the opportunities Szeged’s largest park, the Erzsébet Liget's offers in the area of sport recreation, in addition, the composition, the sports habits, and the contentment of the park's adult visitors who came from nearby and also from more distant places. We hypothesized that the characteristics of access to the park and the characteristics of park use depend on the proximity of the user's residence. At the same time, their socio-demographic features and contentment are unrelated.
 Method: Our primary data were gained using random paper-based questionnaires (N=108). Those people were asked who was doing some physical exercise at various sports scenes in the park. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to explore the relationship between different categorical variables. 
 Results: The proximity of the park and the users' place of residence was strongly related to the travel time and the chosen mode of transport. At the same time, it did not show any significant relation to the features of park use for sports. These features, primarily due to the elderly visitors, only impacted the frequency of park visits with an aim other than sport. Also, no significant difference was found concerning the park's proximity, contentment with the services, and socio-demographic variables, although some tendencies were identified.
 Conclusion: The park's proximity did not have an impact of significance concerning the composition and the contentment of park visitors and their use of the sports facilities.

Nosocomial exposure of health care workers to a visitor with active pulmonary tuberculosis in a pediatric intensive care unit: A contact investigation

Visitors with active tuberculosis (TB) can lead to uncontrolled introductions in healthcare settings, even in facilities with robust TB control programs. We report a pediatric case of TB meningitis who had an adult visitor with active pulmonary TB. We identified 96 contacts from the index case. One high-risk contact had a positive follow-up TB test with no clinical symptoms. TB control programs should incorporate risk of TB exposure from adult visitors, especially in pediatric settings.

Preferences of Young Adult Visitors to Manor Parks in South Poland: A Study on Ecosystem Services and Scenic Quality

Manor parks are characteristic cultural features in Polish agricultural landscapes. About 10,000 manor parks are estimated to exist in Poland, and due to their high natural, historic and scenic value, these features represent potential in terms of ecosystem services. To properly manage these sites, it is advisable to determine the preferences of its visitors. The present study presents the results of a quantitative survey based on a group of 352 young visitors to manor parks in south Poland. The results show that visitors with higher monthly incomes have a statistically significant higher awareness as far as caring for the authenticity and preservation of the natural and historical heritage of manor parks and forests. Conversely, for visitors with lower incomes, additional touristic promotion attractions (e.g., souvenirs, guided visits) are increasingly important. The results of the study provide an important basis of information for local authorities, as well as private owners, with regard to preserving the natural and historical values (which are closely connected with the scenic values) of these sites, as well as local tourism development. The values of nature, sustainability, tourism and the improvement of life quality are linked to the enhancement of manor parks, as these facilities are providers of ecosystem services.

PS-C28-1: EARLY DETECTION OF DEMENTIA AT COMMUNITY PHARMACIES USING SIMPLE TOUCH PANEL SCREENING CHECK

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a simple touch panel screening check for dementia (TPCD) would be effective for early detection of dementia at community pharmacies. Design and Methods: This was a prospective study of adult visitors presenting to a pharmacy adjacent to a university hospital (Project 1) or to a general physician clinic (Project 2). Participants were voluntarily recruited in the pharmacies and were registered after written informed consent. To evaluate the cognitive function of participants, we scored immediate and recent memories of words, time orientation, figure recognition using a Forgetfulness Consultation Program MSP-1100 (Nihon Kohden, Tokyo). When the score was or less than 12 out of 15 points, participants were suspected as having dementia and recommended to visit the psychiatric outpatient clinic of the university hospital (Project 1) or to visit the general physician (Project 2). On the next visit to the pharmacy, the participants were asked whether they had received the consultation of the psychiatric specialists. Results: [Project 1] TPCD was conducted on 81 individuals (35 men) from January 2019 to January 2020. One was excluded because of agreement withdrawal and another was excluded because he had already been treated for dementia at another clinic. Of 79 participants, 17 (21.5%, 8 men) were suspected as having dementia and were recommended to visit the psychiatric clinic. Two participant visited psychiatric specialists and were diagnosed as having mild cognitive impairment. Four consulted with their family physicians but have not yet visit the psychiatric clinic. Eleven refused the consultation. [Project 2] Currently, TPCD was conducted on 30 individuals (8 men) and 10 (33.3%, 3 men) were suspected to having dementia from January 2021 to April 2022. The recruitment is now ongoing. Conclusion: This preliminary analysis suggests that TPCD in pharmacies may be effective for early detection of dementia. It is necessary to strengthen the pass to support the consultation visit to psychiatric specialists.

S-21-1: IMPLEMENTING HEARTS HYPERTENSION CONTROL PROJECT IN CHINA

Hypertension is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, due to its high prevalence and severe complications (stroke, heart attack, etc). Control of hypertension could prevent most unnecessary outcomes. However, detecting hundreds of millions of hypertensive patients globally and controlling BP to target for the rest of their lives could be a huge burden to all health care systems. The HEARTS technical package developed by WHO provides tools for governments and professional organizations to support primary care services (PCS) to apply evidence-based strategies to control and prevent cardiovascular diseases. The HEARTS China hypertension control project was initiated in 2017. It is owned by governments, technically supported by a hypertension specialist committee and managed by the secretariat. The standard protocol with screening for all adult visitors, and stepwise treatment with calcium channel blockers + ARB + thiazide-like diuretic was selected by the advisory committee. The supply of selected medications was supported by governments. The HEARTS monitoring system, with ID card-driven automatic BP measurement and data transfer to the doctors web page (no data entry), records screening, registration and prescriptions during daily practice. The information helps physicians with decision making in diagnosis and treatment and provides regular quality and progress reports to PSCs and health authorities. Up to December 2021, a cumulative total of 894 PSCs participated in the project. They screened more than 620,000 adults, registered over 268,000 and treated 190,000 hypertensive patients. A total of 86,523 patients achieved the goal of BP control at their last visit. The awareness, treatment and control rates improved continuously in the project-involved areas. Consequently, the episodes of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease among all-cause hospitalizations reduced by 13%. It reduced more in the service areas that screened and treated more hypertensive patients, than in those that screened and treated fewer patients (-15% vs -6%). However, the data recorded in the monitoring system indicated serious clinical inertia in the implementation of the HEARTS protocol: screening does not yet involve all visitors; nearly 30% of diagnosed patients were untreated, 70% of treated patients were not regularly followed-up; only 19% of patients with BP> = 160/100 initiated treatment with combined medications; 64% of revisited patients with uncontrolled BP failed to intensify treatment. More training courses and incentive mechanisms may help PSCs to improve the quality of care. Implementing HEARTS has improved quality and coverage for hypertension control. Overcoming clinical inertia should be able to accelerate this progress.

Learning through Play

The text presents an overview of educational programmes held with the exhibition project Toys – Childhood Forever. The programmes were held for different groups of museum visitors: kindergarten groups, elementary and secondary school students, university students, old-age pensioners, members of vulnerable social groups, adult individual visitors and families. The key elements of learning are interactions through play and emotional engagement as essential factors of museum experience.

Сharacteristics of physical activity of adult male visitors of a health and fitness club

The article addresses studying the characteristics of physical activity regimen in middle-aged men who attend a health and fitness bowling club. The objective of the study was to examine the characteristics of physical activity in middle-aged men, in particular, to assess the time they spend in a sitting position. Methods. To determine the physical activity coefficient, the methodology of the International Health, Racquet, and Sportsclub Association modified by S. V. Nachinska and T. M. Parfenova (2003) was used. The study involved 106 adult-aged men (25-45 years old) who attended bowling clubs in Kyiv. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the majority (>70%) of visitors of health and fitness clubs have low and below average levels physical activity, i.e. their actual physical activity does not exceed 6 hours per day or 40% of the recommended physical activity. The calculated physical activity coefficient of the study participants was on average 0.36 ± 0.07 points, which corresponds to the below average level and highlights the need to increase the amount of physical activity of middle-aged men. To investigate the characteristics of physical activity regimen, we applied time use approach and observation of the physical activity regimen. The majority of respondents have low and below-average levels of physical activity and a low motivation to participate in recreational health and fitness programs. Most of the study participants have a physical activity deficit despite the daily activity they engage in. The above necessitate the development and implementation of accessible health-enhancing and recreational programs aimed at increasing the level of involvement of middle-aged men.

Obesity and cognitive impairment in the adult population: A case-control study

In Western populations, obesity has been shown to have deleterious effects on many functions of the human body, including cognitive functions. To investigate the relationship between obesity and cognitive function impairment in the Saudi adult population. This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud University Hospital, Riyadh. All adult visitors to clinics and wards from February 2014 to March 2016 who met the selection criteria were included in the sample. The participants were divided into three comparable groups according to BMI: normal weight (BMI <25; Group I), overweight (BMI 25–29.9; Group II), and obese (BMI ≥30; Group III). The Cambridge Neurophysiological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was used to record the following cognitive function parameters: stop signal tasks (SST) and intra-extra dimensional shift (IED). A total of 138 participants were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 22.2 ± 2.7 years. SST mean correct reaction time on GO trials for Group I was 601.6 ± 290.2; for Group II it was 797.8 ± 303.2 (p = 0.011 compared to Group I), and for Group III it was 893.5 ± 378.7 (p < 0.001 compared to Group I). SST median correct reaction time on GO trials for Group I was 551.57 ± 234.49; for Group 2 it was 693.2 ± 275.7 (p = 0.025), and for Group III it was 742.7 ± 287.1 (p = 0.002). The stop signal task stop signal delay (SST SSD) 50% last half was 327.51 ± 178.63 for Group I; for Group II it was 449.5 ± 207.7 (p = 0.020), and for Group III it was 447.4 ± 263.7 (p = 0.028). Group I completed an average of 8.3 ± 1.3 IED stages; Group II completed 7.5 ± 2.6 (p = 0.090), and Group III completed 8.5 ± 0.8 (p = 1.000). PRM values did not differ significantly across groups. However, cognitive function was significantly delayed for the higher BMI groups when a post-hoc Bonferroni correction was applied. Age and gender correlated significantly, as did gender and BMI. Our findings suggest that Saudi subjects with higher BMI values exhibit poorer performance in many domains of cognitive function than Saudi individuals with a BMI in the normal range. • Obesity significantly affects brain structure and cognitive function. • The relationship between obesity and cognitive function impairment. • An increase in BMI is related to a decrease in cognitive performance.

Using the COM-B Model to Explore the Reasons People Attended Seaworld San Diego Between 2015 and 2019

The documentary Blackfish raised public awareness of captive cetacean welfare and concerns over attractions exhibiting orcas. Yet despite this, a substantial number of people still visit these facilities. To understand the drivers behind visiting facilities with captive orcas, an online survey was developed using human behavior change science targeting adult visitors to SeaWorld San Diego between 2015 and 2019. This facility was specifically chosen because there are also opportunities to visit wild orcas in this area. The survey incorporated closed questions, Likert scale statements derived from the COM-B model, and free-text boxes giving respondents the opportunity to explain their answers. The survey yielded 335 complete datasets. The findings were analyzed as they related to capability, opportunity, and motivation. The majority of respondents were from the US, and 55% of respondents had one or more children in their household. Many respondents expressed their desire to relive their childhood experiences at SeaWorld with their own children. Respondents seemed aware of the body of evidence that cetacean welfare was not optimal in captivity but felt that the orcas were looked after as well as they could be by facility staff. Reflective motivation, psychological capability, and physical and social opportunity all played a role in visitor attendance.

VISITOR’S INTENTIONS TO RE-VISIT RECONSTRUCTED PUBLIC PLACE IN JAKARTA TOURISM HERITAGE RIVERFRONT

This research elucidates the influence of the several elements of the heritage public place on the visitors’ intention to revisit and recommend. The study was derived along the reconstructed riverside tourism area of heritage Kali Besar Corridor, Kota Tua, Jakarta, Indonesia. Without sufficient efforts in maintenance, the heritage area will more likely deteriorate. Many stakeholders were trying to solve those problems by preserving the heritage buildings and reactivating public spaces. Responding to the phenomenon, the research aims to understand the current visitors’ satisfaction on several attributes that available based on the specificity of the heritage public space; including physical elements, accessibility, experiences, pull factors, and socio-demographic background; in enhancing satisfaction and intention to revisit the place. The research uses primary observation, questionnaire, and desk study for data collection and qualitative data analysis. Ordinal regression analysis (OLR) is employed to identify the most applicable factors in influencing visitors to revisit and recommend the public place. As a result, the visual, ambiance, and spaciousness of the place are regarded as the main important attraction in the heritage outdoor area, especially for the young adult visitors in the internet era. Moreover, tangible pull factors also play the important role in attracting visitors.

Knowledge on added sugar content in food labels among adult out-patient clinic visitors at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Riyadh, KSA.

Consumption of added sugars is reported as an etiological factor for high prevalence of diet-related diseases. Food labels of food products indicate the presence of added sugars. Knowing the different terms used to describe added sugars helps people to avoid food products rich in added sugars. Therefore, it is of interest to assess consumer knowledge about the added sugar terms on food labels. A study was conducted among 215 visitors of a tertiary care hospital outpatient clinic during July-September 2020. The data for this prospective cross-sectional study was collected by using online Google form. Adult visitors of both genders were selected using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Demography and knowledge of the added sugars were collected. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis. Mean (± SD), median, and Inter quartile Range (IQR), and Pearson Chi-square test were used. A "p" value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The majority (96.7%) of the study participants was Saudi nationals with a median (IQR) age of 28 (23, 38). Most (68.37%) of the respondents were undergraduates. Physical inactivity (37.21%) and incidence of obesity (25.58%), and lifestyle diseases (15.40%) were reported. The chi-square test indicated a significant relationship between gender and knowledge of added sugars (χ2 = 69.85; p<0.05). Females (69.41%) have more knowledge about added sugars than males. These findings support the notion that there is a lack of knowledge about added sugar terms on the nutrition labels, which might contribute to the prevalence of obesity and other non-communicable chronic illnesses.