Filipino Adults Research Articles

Anxiety and well-being amidst the COVID-19 outbreak and the moderating role of locus-of-hope: Evidence from a large sample in the Philippines

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a heavy psychological burden on the lives of many individuals and created a rise in the prevalence of anxiety, which could be detrimental to people's well-being. Nevertheless, there have also been reports about having hope in overcoming the challenges brought about by the pandemic. The study intended to find out whether the different locus-of-hope dimensions (internal, family, peers, and spiritual locus-of-hope) would moderate the impact of anxiety symptoms on well-being (psychological, social, and emotional well-being). A nationwide survey was conducted among Filipino adults ( N = 10,529). Results showed that anxiety symptoms were negatively associated with psychological, social, and emotional well-being. Moderation analyses show that internal, family, and spiritual locus-of-hope buffered the negative effect of anxiety symptoms on specific well-being outcomes, whereas peer locus-of hope did not. The study demonstrates the importance of hope as a viable resource in facilitating an individual's well-being amid adverse and uncertain circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Cross-Case Analysis on Filial Care Assumption among Filipino Adults

the Filial Care Theory which states that the older person’s vulnerability stimulates the caring behaviors from the family members. Methods: Through a multiple case study approach using cross-case synthesis, various situations that led five adult Filipino children into assuming filial care duties and the kinds of support involved in the said filial care interaction were explored. Results: It was determined that filial care involves sentience among family members, a desire to sustain the older person, strengthened family support, affinity, solidarity and compassion, and a commitment to return a past favor. Discussion: Filial care is a response to the older person’s needs and limitations. Apart from the older person’s vulnerability, it was deduced that filial care requires both the older persons and their adult children to be emotionally vulnerable towards one another.

Proximate Analysis of Enhanced Coffea canephora var with endemic floral species

This study focused on examining the proximate analysis of Coffea Canephora var that was enhanced with endemic floral species. The physico-chemical analyses conducted revealed that Solanum nigrum enhanced coffee had a moisture content of 13.42%, crude fat of 2.47%, crude protein of 15.12%, ash content of 6.35%, and a total carbohydrate content of 64.52% (w/w) with 348 Kcal energy per serving. Similarly, Colocasia sp. cf. Formosana hayata enhanced coffee had a moisture content of 12.15%, crude fat of 3.03%, crude protein of 11.29%, ash content of 6.68%, and a total carbohydrate content of 68.86% (w/w) with 355 Kcal energy per serving. Furthermore, enhanced coffee with Momordica charantia had a moisture content of 10.01%, crude fat of 1.41%, crude protein of 13.78%, ash content of 6.46%, and a total carbohydrate content of 70.39% (w/w) with 356 Kcal energy per serving. It was showed that three enhanced coffees had an average energy intake of 3%, which can supplement the Required Energy and Nutrient Intake of an adult Filipino. The study results can provide a low-fat enhanced and enriched coffee in the Kalinga table, as presented in its nutrition facts. However, further investigation is required to determine the safety and microbiological quality of enhanced coffee with floral species, particularly in the quantification of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, it is recommended to investigate the acceptability, market analysis, and utilization of locally grown and traditionally used plant species that could enhance and enrich coffee to meet the country's demand.

HIV Screening among Patients with Newly Diagnosed Solid and Hematologic Malignancies in a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines.

This preliminary study determined the prevalence of HIV infection among patients with newly diagnosed solid and hematologic malignancies at the Philippine General Hospital - Cancer Institute. Adult Filipinos aged 19 years and above with biopsy- or imaging-confirmed malignancy and for chemotherapy, seen at the adult medical oncology and hematology clinic from January to September 2021 were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained using a questionnaire. Rapid HIV screening was performed using blood extracted via finger prick. Pre- and post-test counselling were conducted. Of the 124 patients included in our study, majority were female (91, 73.4%), and 45 years old and above with a median age of 49 (20 - 74). Majority had solid tumors (121, 97.6%) with breast cancer being the most common (67, 54.0%) followed by colorectal (18, 14.5%), and head and neck cancer (14, 11.3%). Among those with hematologic malignancies, two had acute myelogenous leukemia and one had multiple myeloma. Six patients had AIDS-defining malignancies (NHL, cervical cancer). HIV risk factors and associated conditions were present in 18 patients (14.5%). Ten patients reported prior HIV testing. None of the patients tested positive for HIV. The absence of HIV cases detected in our cohort may be due to the low prevalence of HIV risk factors and associated conditions. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to routinely recommend HIV testing among newly-diagnosed cancer patients. However, physicians are encouraged to offer HIV testing to cancer patients, especially to those with HIV risk factors, given the benefits of early detection and management of HIV.

Cost of Drivers among Patients in the First Year after Kidney Transplantation - A Retrospective Study.

The cost of kidney transplantation (KT) and its follow-up care greatly exceeds the mean annual family income. Governmental support during the post-transplant period is needed. This study aimed to identify the drivers of cost during the 1st year after KT. The records of 129 adult Filipino KT recipients over 2 years in a single center were reviewed to determine the total cost for the 1st year after KT, such as diagnostics, medications, supplies, and professional fees. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the economic impact of the baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and events after KT. The direct costs of care were significantly higher among patients aged >40 years (P = 0.009), those with diabetic kidney disease as the primary renal disease (P <0.0001), and those with a high Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients with diabetes mellitus paid US$ 6813.6 more, and those hospitalized for any infection spent US$ 3877.4 more than those without comorbid conditions or complications. The results showed that diabetes mellitus and hospitalization for any infection significantly impacted the cost of follow-up care. Health-care policies that can aid patients after KT are needed to minimize expenditures and avoid complications.

The Prevalence of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia among Adult Filipino Patients with Dyslipidemia at Universidad de Santa Isabel Health Services Department: An Observational Descriptive Prospective Study

The Prevalence of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia among Adult Filipino Patients with Dyslipidemia at Universidad de Santa Isabel Health Services Department: An Observational Descriptive Prospective Study

PS-P13-7: O.N.E. (ONWARD NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE EDUCATION) CAVITE INITIATIVE: A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT TO IMPLEMENT PHILPEN AMONG PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases account for most noncommunicable disease (NCD) deaths about 17.9 million people annually. The Philippine Department of Health (DOH) began implementing the PhilPEN (Philippine Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease interventions) nationwide in 2014. The protocol screens adult Filipinos seen in the public health facilities for major cardiovascular disease risk factors and includes interventions such as lifestyle advice and medications to achieve target goals. ONE Cavite Project is a collaboration between DOH, the Philippine Society of Hypertension (PSH), and private practitioners in Cavite- a densely populated semi-urbanized province in the Philippines. The primary objective of the One Cavite Project is to engage private medical practitioners in Cavite in screening, diagnosing, and managing adult patients (20 years old and above) for the following significant cardiovascular risk (CV) factors: hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking and to complement the PhilPEN implementation by the DOH in all its public health facilities in Cavite by private general physicians. Design and Methods: The first phase of the project is to organize a series of seminars to gather, enroll, and engage private doctors to ensure proper screening, monitoring, and follow up of patients with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and other CV risk factors. The second phase is to enroll the patients of these private doctors, where patient data was collected, collated, and submitted to PSH for descriptive analysis by a third party. Results: A total of 680 doctors were engaged with a total of 41,477 patients screened. Preliminary data showed that out of the 41,477 patients, 61% have hypertension, 17% have diabetes, 22% have dyslipidemia, and 16% are smokers. Moreover, 21% have both hypertension and diabetes, 19% have hypertension and dyslipidemia, while 7% have hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. On follow-up after six months, out of 18,348 patients with hypertension, 88% of patients with hypertension had their blood pressure under control. For the 5,024 patients with diabetes, 15% had a fasting blood sugar &lt; 110 mg/dL, and 32% had an HBA1c&lt; 6.5 mg/dl. Out of 7,146 patients with dyslipidemia, 14% had an LDL &lt; 130 mg/dl, while for the 3,510 smokers, 56% quit smoking on follow-up. Conclusion: The One Cavite Project has shown that engagement of private medical practitioners in screening, diagnosing, and managing adult patients for significant cardiovascular risk (CV) factors have complemented the implementation of PhilPEN by the DOH and this led to active prevention and control of these risk factors.

A Cross Sectional Study on the Correlation between Waist Circumference and Fatty Liver on Ultrasonography among Non-Alcoholic Filipino Adults

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the correlation between waist circumference and fatty liver on ultrasonography among non-alcoholic Filipino adults. This will aid in detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in its early course, hence improving our current therapeutic recommendations in preventing and managing the adverse health outcomes of NAFLD. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study with a total of 65 recruited participants. The data collected were age, sex, waist-circumference, co-morbidities with maintenance medications, history of alcohol intake with emphasis on the quantity and duration, and history of drug intake. Waist circumference was measured and recorded. The presence of NAFLD was determined through a review of the ultrasonography results of all subjects. The demographic profile and waist circumference of all subjects were described using descriptive statistics. The chi-square test was utilized to test the independence of the NAFLD and WC in the quartile. Pearson correlation was used to determine the linear relationship between the variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was statistically significant at p 0.05. Results: Among the subjects, 26 (42%) presented with fatty liver based on ultrasonography, 15 (58%) and 11 (42%), males and females, respectively. The mean waist circumference of 97.5 ± 12.43 was significantly related to the fatty liver with a p-value of 0.0001. Waist circumference showed a positive correlation with the frequency of fatty liver on ultrasonography with p-values of 0.000755 (r = 0.590083) and 3.04366E—05 (r = 0.659143523), in males and females, correspondingly. The overall correlation between waist circumference and fatty liver on ultrasonography is statistically significant with a p-value of 4.10503E—08 (r = 0.634737127). Conclusion: One measure used to assess central obesity is waist circumference. In addition, it can also be utilized to assess risk for NAFLD since they are strongly correlated as reported in this study. Waist circumference cut-off values for the Filipinos proposed in this study are the following: >88 cm and >95 cm, in males and females, respectively.

Non-parametric Clinical Laboratory Reference Interval Estimation in Volunteer Blood Donors: An Example for Prothrombin Time and Partial Thromboplastin Time

Introduction. To date, there are no reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) based on “normal” Filipino adults. The common practice in most laboratories is to adopt manufacturer provided values or foreign literature even if the importance of establishing or at least verifying laboratory reference intervals has been stressed by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Objectives. Here we aim to describe our experience in using a simple non-parametric method to generate reference intervals for PT and APTT, from healthy Filipino volunteer blood donors. Methodology. We used a de novo, a priori non-parametric estimation method following the CLSI guidelines on establishing reference intervals. Results. The non-parametric lower reference limit for PT is 12.55 seconds, with 90% confidence interval of 12.3 to 12.75 seconds. While the non-parametric upper reference limit for PT is 16.15 seconds, with 90% confidence interval of 15.55 to 16.55 seconds. The non-parametric lower reference limit for activated partial thromboplastin time is 26.12 seconds, with 90% confidence interval of 22.95 to 27.1 seconds, and the non-parametric upper reference limit for activated partial thromboplastin time is 37.44 seconds, with 90% confidence interval of 36.75 to 38.65 seconds. The PT and APTT reference intervals were different from foreign sources and manufacturer provided values in terms of interval width and values of the reference limits by 2 to 4 seconds. Conclusion and Recommendations. Estimation of coagulation reference intervals from volunteer health blood donors is doable, simple, and practical. Collaborative multi-center efforts may be done to expand the pool of reference individuals that are included and increase the representativeness of the reference intervals generated. This simple method can also be used to generate reference intervals for other clinical laboratory assays and may also be extended to at least verify reference intervals in special populations like pregnant women, the elderly, and the pediatric population.

316. The Value of Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting COVID-19 Mortality: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Abstract Background The quest for an easy yet effective and affordable tool in predicting mortality among COVID 19 patients is one of the major health concerns that should be addressed. In this study, we investigated the role of these hemogram derived ratios- Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-LymphocyteRatio in predicting in-hospital COVID 19 Mortality. Objectives of this study aimed to determine the optimal cut-off value of each ratio and compare the values of each ratio in predicting mortality. Methods A cross sectional retrospective study utilizing chart review of adult, COVID 19 confirmed patients admitted at Dr. Paulino J. Garcia Memorial Research and Medical Center from July 2020 to July 2021 were analyzed. Complete blood count taken within 24 hours of admission were recorded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The NLR, MLR and PLR values were computed and were stratified into two groups after determining the optimal cut-off from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve. Results A total of 226 adult Filipinos with confirmed COVID 19 infection were included. Patients who died had significantly higher mean age (p=0.004), lower mean hospital days (p=&amp;lt; 0.001) and significantly had a higher proportion of diabetes (p=&amp;lt; 0.027) as a co-morbidity. Significantly higher neutrophils (p=&amp;lt; 0.001), lower lymphocytes (p=&amp;lt; 0.001), higher NLR (p=&amp;lt; 0.001), higher MLR (p=0.002) and higher PLR (p=&amp;lt; 0.001) among non-survivors than survivors group. The optimal cutoff value of NLR to predict in-hospital mortality is ≥5.846 with 66.37% sensitivity and 60.18% specificity (AuROC curve of 0.695). The optimal cut off value of MLR is ≥0.4444 and PLR of ≥190. Conclusion NLR, MLR and PLR were noted to be consistently high among non-survivors of COVID 19 Infection. These are useful markers in predicting in-hospital mortality. NLR appears to be the best predictor of COVID-19 mortality of the three markers. However, its overall diagnostic accuracy is only considered acceptable at best. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

Association of Acculturation with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Asian-American Subgroups

ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aims to better understand the heterogeneous associations of acculturation level on CV risk factors among disaggregated Asian subgroups. We hypothesize that the association between acculturation level and CV risk factors will differ significantly by Asian subgroup. MethodsWe used the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative US survey, years 2014–18. Acculturation was defined using: (a) years in the US, (b) US citizenship status, and (c) level of English proficiency. We created an acculturation index, categorized into low vs. high (scores of 0–3 and 4, respectively). Self-reported CV risk factors included diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, tobacco use, and sufficient physical activity. Rao-Scott Chi Square was used to compare age-standardized, weighted prevalence of CV risk factors between Asian subgroups. We used logistic regression analysis to assess associations between acculturation and CV risk factors, stratified by Asian subgroup. ResultsThe study sample consisted of 6,051 adults ≥ 18 years of age (53.9% female; mean age 46.6 [SE 0.33]). The distribution by race/ethnicity was Asian Indian 26.9%, Chinese 22.8%, Filipino 18.1%, and other Asian 32.3%. The association between acculturation and CV risk factors differed by Asian subgroups. From multivariable adjusted models, high vs. low acculturation was associated with: high cholesterol amongst Asian Indian (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.37) and other Asian (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.01) adults, obesity amongst Filipino adults (OR= 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.45), and sufficient physical activity amongst Chinese (OR= 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.19) and Filipino adults (OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.27). ConclusionThis study demonstrates that acculturation is heterogeneously associated with higher prevalence of CV risk factors among Asian subgroups. More studies are needed to better understand these differences that can help to inform targeted, culturally specific interventions.

Abstract 9990: Hypertension Risk Differs by Asian Ethnicity Across the Adult Lifespan

Introduction: Hypertension risk increases with higher age and body mass index (BMI). We previously found that the prevalence of diagnosed hypertension among Filipino adults is similar to Black adults and higher than White, Chinese, and South Asian adults aged 45-84y. Among young women, the difference between Filipina and Chinese adults was &gt;2-fold. We now examine disparities in hypertension prevalence across the adult lifespan, accounting for differences in weight status. Methods: This cross-sectional study used electronic health record data for 1,018,159 non-Hispanic White (White), 146,517 Black, 348,715 Hispanic, 128,124 Filipino, 126,321 Chinese, and 80,723 South Asian adults aged 30-79 who were members of a Northern California health plan in 2016. Hypertension prevalence (ICD 9/10 diagnosis in 2016) was examined by race/ethnicity and sex for ages 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79y. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (aPRs) for hypertension compared to White adults in each age decade, adjusting for age, English language, current smoking, and BMI category (underweight, healthy weight, overweight, obesity class 1, 2, 3). Lower BMI thresholds were used for Asian adults. Results: Across all age decades, Filipino adults had a prevalence of hypertension similar to Black adults and higher than White, Chinese, and South Asian adults. In each age decade, the Filipino:White aPRs approached or exceeded the Black:White aPRs and were much higher than South Asian:White and Chinese:White aPRs (Figure). Differences in hypertension risk were greatest for those aged 30-59y. Conclusions: Filipino adults, similar to Black adults, had earlier onset and higher prevalence of hypertension than White, Chinese, and South Asian adults across 5 age decades, a disparity that persisted after adjusting for weight status, smoking, and language. These results support the need for earlier and more aggressive blood pressure screening in high-risk populations.

Abstract 10901: Differential Burden of Prediabetes and Diabetes Among Asians Subgroups in a Large US Healthcare System

Introduction: We previously reported that Chinese, Filipino, and South Asian adults have higher prevalence of prediabetes (PreDM) than non-Hispanic White (White) adults, with nearly twice the burden in healthy BMI ranges. This study further examines the differential burden of diabetes (DM) in these Asian subgroups using Asian specific BMI categories. Methods: 283,110 White, 33,263 Chinese, 38,766 Filipino, and 17,959 South Asian adults aged 45-64y in a 2016 Northern California health plan with height and weight were examined. PreDM and DM were classified based on lab data, diagnoses, or DM treatment. Modified log Poisson regression was used to determine Asian group vs. White prevalence ratios (PRs) for DM and preDM, adjusted for age and BMI within healthy weight, overweight, and obesity ranges (BMI 18.5 to &lt;25, 23 to &lt;30, ≥30 kg/m2 for Whites; BMI 18.5 to &lt;23, 23 to &lt;27.5, ≥27.5 kg/m2 for Asians). Results: Across all BMI categories, DM prevalence was higher for the Asian groups than White adults. DM prevalence was also higher for Filipino and South Asian vs White than Chinese vs White, especially at healthy BMI levels. PRs for South Asian men/women at healthy BMI were 1.8/2.8 for preDM and 5.9/8.0 for DM (Figure). PRs for Filipino men/women at healthy BMI were 1.8/2.6 for preDM and 5.0/7.5 for DM, respectively. For Chinese men/women at healthy BMI, the PRs for preDM were similar (2.1/2.9) to the other Asian groups, but the PRs for DM were lower (2.1/3.4). Conclusion: The largest difference in DM prevalence relative to White adults was observed in the healthy BMI range for South Asian and Filipino adults. While PreDM risk in these 2 groups was similar to the preDM risk in Chinese compared with White adults at healthy BMI, their DM risk was 5-8 times greater than White adults at healthy BMI. Our data emphasize the disproportionate metabolic risk among middle-aged adults of different Asian groups and underscore the need for DM screening among high-risk Asian subgroups at healthy BMI levels.

“Hello, can you hear me?”: Narratives of online mental health counselling among Filipino adults during the pandemic

AbstractFilipinos are often reluctant to seek professional mental health (MH) help. However, literature reveals that online counselling is preferable to face‐to‐face (F2F) MH services, with the pandemic possibly magnifying technology's anonymity and disinhibiting benefits. To further explore facilitators of online MH help‐seeking, this study tapped into the lived stories of Filipino adults who experienced at least one counselling session from March 2020 to March 2022. Among 83 screened respondents, 11 semistructured interviews were transcribed and analysed following Crossley's (2000) method. Findings reveal an overarching online MH counselling narrative composed of three phases and their respective events: (a) Precounselling (Resiliency Narrative versus MH Awareness, Turning Point, and Linking versus Searching); (b) Counselling (Two‐way Introduction, Unloading and Untangling, and Decision to Maintain or Terminate); and (c) Postcounselling (Relapse and Journey towards Growth and Advocacy). Three all‐encompassing facilitators were embedded throughout the process: Autonomy, Financial Capability, and MH Institutions. Notably, participants attributed their MH help‐seeking to autonomy, despite culture and stigma, because of enabling environments that entail heightened MH literacy, positive past experiences with professional MH help, social support and encouragement, and a sense of shared reality. Benefits unique to online counselling were also apparent among participants' narratives, including alleviating geographical boundaries and added financial and personal pressures. Overall, findings posit that Filipino adults consider online counselling as a preferable alternative to F2F counselling, thus necessitating further development and institutional support.

PSUN47 Increased Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adult Filipinos with Hypothyroidism

Abstract Dyslipidemia in patients with hypothyroidism results from effects of thyroid hormones on lipid metabolism. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a state of attenuated basal plasma insulin, high insulin resistance and hypothyroidism-induced hemodynamic alterations. All of which are risk factors for the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we determined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult Filipinos with hypothyroidism and compared clinical and laboratory characteristics of those with versus without metabolic syndrome. We also compared and validated the results of body mass index as a surrogate marker versus waist circumference in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. We conducted a prospective study of 120 Filipino adults with hypothyroidism. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed followed by blood extraction for fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine levels, free triiodothyronine levels and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined using WHO criteria and race-specific cut-offs for waist circumference. Both clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between those with and those without metabolic syndrome. Significant differences were determined by two-way ANOVA while heterogeneity of categorical variables was determined by chi-square or Fisher exact test. Use of BMI as surrogate marker was estimated by Pearson's correlation coefficient and kappa statistic. All data analyses were performed using Stata version 17.1 with a level of significance at p&amp;lt;0.05. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 40.00% (95%CI: 31.17%–49.34%). The male to female ratio was 1: 2 (41: 79 patients) and primary hypothyroidism comprised 88.89% (n = 109) of the cohort. Patients with metabolic syndrome have a significantly higher mean waist circumference (females: 89.73 ± 7.50 cm vs. 80.13 ± 10.13 cm; males: 93.16 ± 10.25 cm vs. 83.52 ± 8.25; p&amp;lt;0.001), higher proportion with diabetes (22.92% vs. 1.39%; p&amp;lt;0.001) and hypertension (45.83% vs. 8.33%; p&amp;lt;0.001) compared to those without. Furthermore, metabolic syndrome patients have significantly higher median free thyroxine levels at 11.59 (13.41) pmol/L; p=0.043). Waist circumference and body mass index are highly directly correlated (r2=0.7471) but showed only weak agreement (K=0.4970). The use of body mass index in place of waist circumference had a high diagnostic accuracy of 93.80% for metabolic syndrome (6 patients were missed using body mass index). There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, etiology of hypothyroidism, blood pressure levels, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, thyroid stimulating hormone levels, free triiodothyronine, and anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibody levels between patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Our study showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult Filipinos with hypothyroidism is increased at 40% compared to general euthyroid population. The most important drivers of metabolic syndrome identified were increased waist circumference, high body mass index, and the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Associations between health-related quality of life and measures of adiposity among Filipino adults.

ObjectiveEstimate associations between the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adiposity in a low-income population.MethodsIn a cluster random sample of 3796 Filipinos aged 40–70 years in Nueva Ecija province, we measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and six dimensions of HRQoL using the 20-item Short Form Health Survey. We stratified by sex and used nonparametric regression to graph mean HRQoL in each dimension by BMI, WC, and WHR. We used ordinary least squares regression to estimate differences in each HRQoL dimension by categories of BMI, WC, and WHR adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and smoking.ResultsMean HRQoL was lowest for health perception (Males: 67.5 (SD = 15.9); Females: 66.7 (15.8)) and highest for role functioning (Males: 97.5 (12.9); Females: 97.4 (13.3)). Mean (SD) values of BMI, WC, and WHR were 22.1 (3.6), 84.8 cm (9.5), and 0.9 (0.1), respectively for males, and 23.7 (4.2), 86.5 cm (10.2), and 0.9 (0.1), respectively, for females. There was no evidence that higher BMI was associated with lower HRQoL. Adjusted mean social functioning was 4.92 (p = 0.076) higher for males with high BMI risk (8.6% prevalence) compared with acceptable BMI risk (50.3%). Mean social functioning was 3.61 (p = 0.012) and 5.48 (p = 0.017) lower for females with high WC (44.7%) and WHR (83.1%), respectively, compared with those with low WC (23.8%) and WHR (3.6%). Mean physical functioning was lower by 2.70 (p = 0.204) and 1.07 (p = 0.198) for males and females, respectively, with high compared with low WC. Mean physical functioning was 3.93 (p = 0.037) lower for males with high (7.6%) compared with low (38.8%) WHR. Mean role functioning was 1.09 (p = 0.124) and 2.46 (p = 0.158) lower for males with borderline and high WHR, respectively.ConclusionsThere is discordance between future adiposity-related health risk and current experience of HRQoL.

Nutritional and genetic determinants of essential hypertension among adult respondents of the 2013 national nutrition survey, Philippines: a preliminary observational study

Preventive strategies for hypertension and its sequelae require an understanding of their predisposing conditions and recognition of at-risk individuals. Several factors, both genetic and nongenetic, are influential, and likely vary in their effects across ethnicities. This study aimed to identify dietary, lifestyle-related differences and genetic variants associated with hypertension in Filipinos. The study included 147 adult Filipino respondents of the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey living in the National Capital Region. Data on the socio-demographic profile and selected lifestyle factors were obtained via face-to-face interviews. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical indicators of health were determined using standard procedures. Hypertension incidence was determined following American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline. Genotyping utilized the customized Illumina Golden Gate genotyping array, with subsequent allele and genotypic association analytics. Genetic variant effects were adjusted to clinical parameters via logistic regression. Between those with and without hypertension, there was relatively higher intake of dietary protein, fat but not carbohydrates in the latter (P<.05). Of note, other established risk factors for hypertension, such as high lipid levels and fasting blood sugar, were consistently frequently seen among hypertensive respondents. Of the gene markers, 3 SNPs (rs10492602 of APOC [3’ UTR], rs12721054 of CYP2C19 [exon] and rs4244285 [intergenic between PCDH17-DIAPH3 locus]) remained significant after multivariable logistic regression. The study highlights that both nutrition and genetic information may contribute to hypertension among Filipinos. This could guide public health initiatives to identify Filipinos susceptible to hypertension and recommend control strategies in lowering its morbidity rate.

Assessment Of Cardiometabolic Health And Fitness Related Indices In Filipino Adults

PURPOSE: To examine VO2max, muscular strength, substrate metabolism, and body composition in a group of Filipino adults to better understand their cardiometabolic health and overall health risk. METHODS: Three men and 8 women who were healthy (age and mass = 27.64 ± 8.82 yr and 75.35 ± 24.51 kg) completed 2 test sessions. Filipino was classified as at least 1 parent having this ethnic designation. Session 1 included testing of body fat using DEXA followed by progressive cycling to assess VO2max and substrate metabolism. Power output began at 30 - 40 W for 5 min followed by 15 - 20 W/min increments in work rate every 4 min until fatigue. They returned 4 - 7 d later at the same time of day, and muscular strength was assessed via isokinetic dynamometry at the knee joint using 1 set of 5 repetitions at 30 deg/s. RESULTS: Mean VO2max and peak power output were equal to 30.56 ± 3.87 mL/kg/min and 186 ± 22 W, respectively. Mean %BF and BMI were equal to 33.2 ± 6.6 %, and 28.7 ± 7.0 kg/m2. Maximal fat oxidation was equal to 0.17 ± .10 g/min and occurred at 45 - 60 W in most participants. Knee extension and flexion torque was equal to 157.84 ± 55.86 SD ft/lb and 87.26 ± 37.33 ft/lb, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data albeit acquired in a small convenience sample document low VO2max, high BMI and %BF, and low-fat oxidation in Filipino adults. Additional studies are needed to implement structured exercise training in this population to improve their health and fitness and reduce potential risk of chronic disease.

Sex Differences in Dietary Patterns of Adults and Their Associations with the Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Population-Based National Survey in the Philippines.

A dietary pattern transition is a risk factor for the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), but related information is limited. This study aimed to identify sex differences in dietary patterns of adults in a low–middle income country and to examine their association with DBM. A total of 8957 adults (4465 men and 4492 non-pregnant and non-lactating women) who participated in the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were formulated to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and DBM. The factor analysis derived seven dietary patterns for males and six patterns for females. Results showed that approximately 30% of Filipino adults suffered from DBM. The rice pattern was associated with lower odds of DBM for males only. The meat and sugar pattern in males and the protein-rich foods, cereal, and sugar pattern in females decreased DBM likelihood. An inverse relationship was observed for the vegetables and corn patterns, wherein females had an increased risk for DBM. Our findings suggest that rice-based and meat-containing patterns could play protective roles in DBM development among adults in the Philippines. Understanding sex-specific dietary patterns can be utilized to guide public health nutrition interventions in the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms.

Factors influencing reduced penetrance and variable expressivity in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism.

X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that primarily affects adult Filipino men. It is caused by a founder retrotransposon insertion in TAF1 that contains a hexanucleotide repeat, the number of which differs among the patients and correlates with the age at disease onset (AAO) and other clinical parameters. A recent work has identified additional genetic modifiers of age-associated penetrance in XDP, bringing to light the DNA mismatch repair genes MSH3 and PMS2. Despite X-linked recessive inheritance, a minor subset of patients are female, manifesting the disease via various mechanisms such as homozygosity, imbalanced X-chromosome inactivation, or aneuploidy. Here, we summarize and discuss clinical and genetic aspects of XDP, with a focus on variable disease expressivity as a consequence of subtle genetic differences within a seemingly homogenous population of patients.