BackgroundThere is a causal link between childhood socioeconomic status and health status in adulthood and beyond. It's vital to comprehend the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and mental health among older Chinese individuals from the current generation who have undergone significant social changes in China. This understanding is critical to foster healthy demographic and social development in China.MethodsUsing data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies, we investigate the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and depression in older adults. Additionally, we examine the mediating role of adult socioeconomic status and subjective well-being.Results1) Childhood socioeconomic status of Chinese older adults differences by region of residence, while depression levels differences by gender, region of residence, and marital status. 2) Adult socioeconomic status mediated the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and depression in older adults. 3) Adult socioeconomic status and subjective well-being had a chain-mediated role in the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and depression in older adults.ConclusionsIn terms of childhood socioeconomic status, older adults in urban regions were significantly higher than those in rural regions. As for depression level, female older adults were more depressed than males; married older people have the lowest depression levels, while unmarried and widowed older people have higher depression levels; older adults in rural regions had higher depression levels than those in urban regions. Evidence from our study further suggests that childhood socioeconomic status can suppress the depression level in older adults through adult socioeconomic status; it can also further reduce the depression level in older adults through the chain mediation of adult economic status affecting subjective well-being. As depression is more prevalent among older individuals with a lower childhood socioeconomic status, it is vital to prioritize the extensive impact of childhood socioeconomic status as a distal factor and investigate "upstream" solutions to enhance childhood socioeconomic status and reduce the gap during the early years of life.

At every stage of life, health is robustly associated with socio-economic status such as income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige. These relationships evidencing that the children from low-income households weigh less at birth, are more likely to be born prematurely, and are increasingly at greater risk for chronic health conditions as they grow. Childhood health is in turn positively related to a number of later outcomes, including skills, scholastic achievement, and adult economic status. In adults, it is also a well-established fact that individuals with higher incomes enjoy better health outcomes. Objectives: 1) To study the socio-economic and demographic profile of the children, 2) To identify the wealth and physiological health conditions of children and 3) To examine the spatial patterns of wealth and physiological characteristics of children in Thanjavur Corporation. Sample : Stratified Random sampling method used for the present study. There are 51 wards, 24 children from each Wards aged between 0 to 6 years, totally 1224 children were selected from Thanjavur Corporation and they are the respondents for the present study. Methodology: This study is based on the measurements of physiological characteristics such as children’s circumference of head, chest and waist hip, length of arm and leg, and their body weight and height. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated dividing weight and height meter square. Wealth index (WI) was also measured (Kuppuswamy. 2003) with reference to respondent’s family monthly income, educational status and occupation. Then the mean values are inserted in to the ArcGIS software and physiological and wealth index maps of children aged less than six years are generated. This spatial variations and relationships are proved by the Pearson Correlation. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the variable head circumference, chest circumference and waist-hip circumference with wealth index, but there is a significant relationship with the variable length of leg and arm length with wealth index. Nowadays, small family norms, noon meal scheme, Anganwadi nutrition food programme and parental care are keeping children in well physiological growths.

Using data from South Asia, this article examines how arranged marriage cultivates rivalry among sisters. During marriage search, parents with multiple daughters reduce the reservation quality for an older daughter’s groom, rushing her marriage to allow sufficient time to marry off her younger sisters. Relative to younger brothers, younger sisters increase a girl’s marriage risk; relative to younger singleton sisters, younger twin sisters have the same effect. These effects intensify in marriage markets with lower sex ratios or greater parental involvement in marriage arrangements. In contrast, older sisters delay a girl’s marriage. Because girls leave school when they marry and face limited earning opportunities when they reach adulthood, the number of sisters has well-being consequences over the life cycle. Younger sisters cause earlier school-leaving, lower literacy, a match to a husband with less education and a less skilled occupation, and (marginally) lower adult economic status. Data from a broader set of countries indicate that these cross-sister pressures on marriage age are common throughout the developing world, although the schooling costs vary by setting. JEL Codes: J1, I25, O15.

This research addresses the following 2 questions. What is the effect of childhood and adult economic status on midlife obesity in Mexican American women? How do these economic patterns in Mexican American women compare with patterns seen in White women and in African American women? Data were drawn from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1979-2002 waves. The sample consisted of 422 Mexican Americans, 2,090 Whites, and 1,195 African Americans. The economic indicator used for childhood economic status was parent education; for adult economic status, the participant's own education and adult per capita income were used. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were estimated for the relationship between midlife obesity and economic indicator, stratified by race/ethnic group. There was an increased risk for midlife obesity with disadvantaged economic status measured during childhood and at midlife in Mexican American women. The economic effects on midlife obesity in Mexican American women were similar to those found for White, but not African American women. Few economic influences on obesity at midlife were found for African American women. Strategies that broadly improve the economic conditions of Mexican American women may be one important way to address the obesity epidemic in this population.

Would Equal Opportunity Mean More Mobility?

The correlation in economic status among siblings is a useful “omnibus measure” of the overall impact of family and community factors on adult economic status. In this study we compare brother correlations in long-run (permanent) earnings between the United States, on one hand, and the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) on the other. Our base case results, based on very similar sample criteria and definitions for all countries, show that this correlation is above 0.40 in the United States and in the range 0.14–0.26 in the Nordic countries. Even though these results turn out to be somewhat sensitive to some assumptions that have to be made, we conclude that the family and community factors are more important determinants of long-run earnings in the United States than in the Nordic countries.

Brother Correlations in Earnings in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden Compared to the United States

Työelämässä heijastuvat samansuuntaiset sosioekonomiset terveyserot kuin muuallakin yhteiskunnassa. Terveyseroista syntyvää kuvaa voidaan tarkentaa tarkastelemalla työelämässä vaikuttavia psykososiaalisia tekijöitä, jotka muuntelevat ympäristön vaikutuksia terveyteen. Suomalaisesta työelämästä tehdyn pitkittäistutkimuksen mukaan elämäänsä tyytyväisille ja itsensä toimintakykyisiksi kokeville on kasaantunut monia muitakin vahvuuksia ja etuja työelämässä, ja heidän psyykkiset ja sosiaaliset terveyden voimavaransa ovat muiden voimavaroja paremmat. Nuoruudessa tutkitut psykososiaaliset tekijät ennustivat monella tavoin, mutta yleisesti melko heikosti, aikuisiän terveyttä ja hyvinvointia. Tulokset antavat suuntaa terveyden edistämiselle työelämässä, jossa tulevaisuuden kuva on koetun laman seurauksena uhkaava. Nykyisessä kehityksessä on vaarana yhteiskunnallisen eriarvoisuuden lisääntyminen ja terveyserojen kasvaminen.

Tthis paper examines the extent to which wealth explains the relationship between family background and adult economic status for white and black males. Wealth is treated both as a component of family background and as a measure of adult economic status. The findings reveal that parental wealth influences schooling independent of other, social components of family environment. For white males, parental wealth has a direct effect on earnings, even controllingfor its effect on schooling. Also, for white males, parental wealth exerts a direct and stronger effect on son's wealth after controlling for its effects on schooling and earnings. The issue of equality of opportunity has generated a good deal of research. Most of this work has attempted to answer two related questions: How strong is the influence of family background on adult economic status? How is inequality transmitted from one generation to another? The answers to these questions vary greatly and have stirred up considerable

The impact of military service as a career contingency affecting adult economic status is examined with a national probability sample of men given preinduction exams by Selective Service in the early 1950's. Civilian earnings in 1964 of former draftees and three types of non-veterans are compared after controlling race, region of employment, academic achievement, and years of education. Comparison of the earnings differences show most draftees with earnings equal to or below those of nonveterans. After the probable negative effect of service on draftee earnings has been removed, the remaining earnings difference is discussed. The operation of selection factors that bias earnings comparisons is evaluated. The hypothesis that military service provides a bridging environment that facilitates post-service economic achievement by minority and certain white males otherwise very likely to have low civilian earnings is not supported.