Adsorption and extraction performance for phenolic compounds with magnetic-thermal dual-responsive composite material.

Adsorptive removal of uranium from aqueous solutions using TiO2-diglycolamic acid functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (TiO2@gCN-HDGA) nanocomposite

Efficient removal of perchlorate by a quaternary ammonium-functionalized hydrogel: Performance and mechanisms

• Algal-infused biochar discs removed 71.06% TDS from RO reject water • Adsorption was spontaneous with ΔG° ranging from -3742 to -4377 J/mol • Enthalpy of +35.42 J/mol indicated endothermic process • Entropy of -13.88 J/K·mol proposed the disorder at the solid-liquid interface • Composite discs enable low-cost desalination with 498.9 mg/g sorption capacity The increasing salinization of groundwater due to desalination reject streams poses a significant challenge to water sustainability. This study explores the potential of algal-infused biochar discs for effective salinity reduction, emphasizing their thermodynamic behavior. Biochar derived from groundnut shells was surface-modified and infused with algal biomass to enhance ion removal capacity. The adsorption process was evaluated through batch experiments, assessing key parameters such as initial total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration (1676 mg/L to 8728 mg/L), temperature (25°C to 55°C), and disc dosage (2 to 6 discs). Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, with Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) values decreasing from -3742 J/mol to -4377 J/mol, confirming favorable ion uptake. Enthalpy (ΔH°) was determined as 35.42 J/mol revealing an endothermic nature, while entropy (ΔS°) showed a value of -13.88 J/K·mol, indicating reduced randomness at the solid-liquid interface. Characterization studies, including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), demonstrated changes in porosity, surface chemistry, and thermal stability post-salinity rduction, with BET surface area decreasing from 18.98 m²/g to 16.08 m²/g, indicating salt deposition within the biochar matrix. This study examined the ionic salinity reduction performance of algal biochar discs under optimal conditions of 25°C temperature, 6-disc dosage, and 150 minutes contact time across varying initial TDS levels. Removal efficiency of 71.06 % was achieved for an initial TDS concentration of 1676 mg/L, whereas a maximum sorption capacity was 498.9 mg/g was observed for an initial TDS concentration of 8728 mg/L. This study underscores the salinity reduction potential of biochar-algal discs as a sustainable approach for addressing salinity challenges.

Synthesis and evaluation of a Ni-H2bpda/Fe3O4 nanocomposite with high tetracycline adsorption capacity and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity

Medium-low temperature coal tar pitch based activated carbon prepared by self-pressurized modification and thermal conversion combined of activation for efficient phenol adsorption

Synthesis and characterization of NiFe₂O₄-chitosan nanocomposite for remediation of water-contaminated with urea and real samples

High volumes of untreated wastewater are discharged into various water bodies worldwide, leading to the distortion and deterioration of the aquatic environment. The use of untreated wastewater to irrigate food crops often results in food poisoning-related deaths due to high levels of pollutants, including heavy metals. Herein, bimetallic oxides (Ag 2 O/ZnO) were incorporated on the surface of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by wet impregnation at different mixing ratios to design Ag 2 O/ZnO/MWCNTs nanocomposites (AZM X ), which were used for the removal of Cr, Pb and Zn ions from irrigation water. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by BET, XRD, TEM, and SEM/EDS to confirm the successful incorporation of Ag 2 O/ZnO on the surface of MWCNTs. The characterization results confirmed the formation of highly crystalline materials with enhanced surface area, which can be attributed to the improved dispersion and interfacial interaction between Ag₂O/ZnO and MWCNTs. This synergistic effect increases the effective surface area regardless of the mixing ratios relative to individual nanoparticles. Among the tested heavy metals, Pb showed the highest removal efficiency (98.62%) using the AZM 2:1:1 nanocomposite under optimum conditions of dosage (0.8 g) and contact time (25 min). The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting that the heavy metals adsorbed to the surface of AZM X in a monolayer fashion. The adsorption kinetics revealed that the adsorption process was better explained by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the metal ion adsorption by AZM X was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. The desorption study revealed that hydrochloric acid was the most effective desorbing agent. The AZM 2:1:1 nanocomposite maintains more than 90% removal rate of Pb after five regeneration cycles. This study suggested that the developed novel bimetallic oxides–MWCNTs nanocomposites are capable of efficiently removing metal ions from aqueous environments. • A novel AZMx composites was designed for effective metal ions removal. • Characterization confirmed successful incorporation of Ag 2 O/ZnO on MWCNTs surface. • Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. • Thermodynamic analysis showed the process is endothermic and spontaneous. • AZM2:1:1 showed better adsorption performance toward Cr(VI), Pb(II), and Zn(II). • The AZM2:1:1 retained 90% of Pb removal even after 5 reuse cycles.

Creation of accessible adsorption sites in Albizia lebbeck -modified zinc oxide to boost tetracycline removal from aqueous environments

Comparative biosorption of Pb2+ by live and inactivated Wickerhamomyces anomalus QF-1-1: Mechanisms and methodological references.

Heavy metal contamination in water remains a major challenge for environmental protection and public health, creating demand for sorbents that are both efficient and economically viable. To address this need, ion‑imprinted polymers (IIPs) were synthesized using 4‑vinylpyridine (4‑VP), methacrylic acid (MAA), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) with Co(II) or Pb(II) as templates, and subsequently blended with DT0 activated carbon (AC) to produce low‑cost composite sorbents with enhanced selectivity. Six IIP–AC and NIP–AC composites were prepared and characterized using FT‑IR, SEM, and adsorption studies. The best-performing materials achieved sorption capacities of 52.97 mg/g for Co(II) and 41.70 mg/g for Pb(II), representing more than a fourfold improvement over unmodified carbon. Isotherm modelling indicated favourable adsorption behaviour, with the Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models providing the best fits. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous and energetically favourable. Kinetic analyses, demanded dividing the results for the AC and polymer phases, showed that particle diffusion dominated in the carbon matrix, while surface‑controlled processes were more relevant for the polymer domains. The composites also exhibited clear template‑oriented selectivity in multielement solutions, confirming their ability to discriminate between competing ions. Additionally, the materials maintained most of their sorption capacity over five regeneration cycles, demonstrating good operational stability. Overall, the results show that IIP‑functionalized activated carbon composites offer a practical and cost‑effective approach for selective heavy‑metal removal in scalable water‑treatment systems. • Novel composite materials developed for selective environmental remediation • Low-cost activated carbon enhanced with selective polymeric modifiers • Ion-imprinted polymers improve heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions • Adsorption driven by tailored cavities and functional group interactions

A bifunctional anionic Zn(II)-organic framework for adsorption and fluorescence sensing of Pb2 + in rice

Modeling of ammonia adsorption and desorption process based on lattice Boltzmann method for SCR applications

Balloon-Shaped Mach-Zehnder fiber sensor functionalized with CS-PMAA for trace Cr(VI) detection in water

Mercury methylation network on microplastics: Multipathway coupling, regulatory mechanisms, and environmental risks.

Modeling the structural, magnetic, electronic, optical and mechanical performance in Ca3XH8 (X= Cr, Mn and Fe) hydrides for hydrogen storage application.

Novel PAU zeolite with enhanced working capacity for waste-heat-driven temperature swing adsorption CO₂ capture

Wastewater streams from industrial sources contain various dissolved organic pollutants that pose environmental contamination challenges even at extremely low concentrations if discharged. Porous materials, such as graphene-based functional frameworks, have been demonstrated to efficiently adsorb such contaminants, but significant scope remains to improve their adsorption efficiency, versatility and reusability. We have recently developed the graphene oxide vortex-ring (GO-VR) particles, whose unique ‘donut’ shape has been shown to deliver exceptional adsorptive removal efficiency. In this study, we further develop a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)- functionalised GO-VR particle system that achieves ambi-functional adsorptive removal of cationic and anionic model dyes, methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). Various key factors affecting the adsorption process, including pH, adsorbent dose, particle shape, contact time, and initial dye concentration, are optimised and investigated. The optimum values of pH for MB and MO adsorption are 10 and 6, respectively, at which the adsorption capacity of GO/CMC-VR particles for MB and MO are 988 ± 5.84 mg/g and 783 ± 13 mg/g, respectively, resulting in 100% contaminant removal even at very low contaminant concenration of 5 ppm and using a very low adsorbant dose of 0.005 mg/ml. The pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model fits well to the fast remediation rates, confirming that the driving force is predominantly electrostatic. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the particles can be regenerated in an elution cycle and reused in adsorption-desorption cycles, retaining their high adsorption efficiency and improving the sustainability of this approach. GO/CMC-VR particles are rapidly emerging as a promising universal adsorbent for the remediation of dissolved pollutants from wastewater. • GO/CMC-VR with a donut-shape particle is synthesised. • CMC functionalization enables dual removal of cationic and anionic azo dyes. • High adsorption capacities achieved for MB and MO at optimised pH. • Fully dye removal at ultra-low adsorbent dosage and low contaminant concentration. • Rapid kinetics and excellent regeneration ensure sustainable use.

Various studies demonstrated that biofilm formation occurs in granular activated carbon (GAC) filters for (waste-)water treatment. However, little is known about how transient adsorptive interactions between organic solutes and the GAC within the filter bed influence biofilm development on the macroscale. This study proposes a numerical approach to simulate biofilm development in a GAC filter bed. For this purpose, a model approach for simulations at the single grain scale was extended to additionally account for spatial gradients along the filter bed length. The model was successfully tested with operational data from pilot-scale GAC filters. The subsequently simulated scenarios aimed at conceptually identifying key interactions between the GAC and biofilm formation, including spatial gradients in its composition. The simulation results showed that both heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms grew in GAC filters under typical operating conditions. The heterotrophs grew closer to the filter influent, consistent with the system's plug-flow-like behavior. Adsorption of organic solutes onto the GAC resulted in a stricter longitudinal separation of the two general types of microorganisms in the filter bed compared to a non-adsorbing reference filter bed by decreasing the downstream concentrations of organic substrate. Considering explicit backwash events further consolidated this separation for the GAC case. Together with the periodic adsorptive retention and release of organic solutes in the upper filter bed section, depending on the current biological activity, backwash events created even more favorable conditions for autotrophic growth in intermediate regions of the filter bed. Overall, the simulation results showed that autotrophic activity was locally enhanced by adsorptive effects of the GAC and that its extent was directly influenced by the simulated backwash regime. Considering the link between autotrophic activity and co-metabolic biotransformation of organic micropollutants discussed in literature, the results further highlight the potential biological contributions to the overall removal of certain micropollutants in GAC filters, but also the necessity to adequately represent longitudinal gradients and biofilm thickness control mechanisms in mathematical models.

Alumina nanotube–ZIF nanocomposites for high-capacity crystal violet dye adsorption: Experimental and machine learning investigations