Adrenal Cortical Preparations Research Articles

Characteristics of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding to rat cerebellar and bovine adrenal cortical membranes: evidence for the heterogeneity of binding sites

The equilibrium and kinetic binding characteristics of D-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1.4.5)P 3) have been studied in membrane preparations of rat cerebellum and bovine adrenal cortex. Saturation analysis of isotopic dilution binding data demonstrated apparent K D values for Ins(1,4,5)P 3 binding of 23 ± 5 nM and 3.0 ± 1.3 nM for cerebellar and adrenal cortical preparations, respectively, with approximately 20-fold greater receptor density present in the cerebellar preparation (B max: 10.2 ± 2.5 pmol/mg protein). Kinetic analysis confirmed the equilibrium binding-derived K D value for cerebellum (K D: 39.9 nM), but revealed a second, very high affinity site (K D: 0.06 nM) to be present in adrenal cortex. The affinity differences between the investigated preparations was also observed with respect to the IC 50 values obtained for inhibition of specific [ 3H]Ins(1,4,5)P 3 binding by a number of inositol polyphosphate analogues including D-inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate, DL-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphorothioate and L-Ins(1,4,5)P 3. In contrast, the Ins(1,4,5)P 3-receptor antagonist heparin displayed greater potency for the cerebellar (IC 50: 16.5 ± 6.2 μg · ml −1) compared to the adrenal cortical preparation (IC 50: 51.0 ± 6.1 μg · ml −1). The apparent differences between the Ins(1,4,5)P 3 receptors characterized in the two tissue preparations are discussed.

Competitive binding assay for adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate employing a bovine adrenal protein: application to urine, plasma and tissues.

ABSTRACT A rapid assay for adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate has been described utilizing a crude bovine adrenal cortical preparation with high affinity and specificity. The working range of the assay is between 1–10 pmoles using an incubation volume of 1.5 ml. Resin, charcoal and membrane filter techniques to separate the bound and unbound fractions were all found to give similar results but the resin technique was preferred for its speed and simplicity. It was found that cAMP could be analyzed reproducibly in urine, plasma and tissues without extensive purification steps. Levels of the nucleotide in human fluids and animal tissues were found to be comparable to values reported by others using other techniques.

The effect of cortisone on the course of parabiotic hypertension in the rat.

SPONTANEOUS evolution of hypertension in rats placed in parabiosis has been described (Hall and Hall, 1951a, b, c). The condition, always confined to one member of a pair, is commonly accompanied by widespread cardiovascular damage consisting of myocarditis, renal arteriolosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis and periarteritis. The frequent occurrence of arthritis in such rats makes the syndrome strikingly similar to that which develops in rats treated with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) (Selye et al., 1943), and suggests that adrenal hyperactivity with respect to mineralocorticoids may be important in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. There is abundant evidence, both clinical and experimental, relating adrenal cortical hyperactivity and hypertension; some of which has recently been reviewed by Corcoran (1950). It is not surprising therefore that adrenal cortical preparations have been widely used in an attempt to modify the course of both clinical and experimental hypertension, perhaps with a view to dep...

The effect of adrenal cortical preparations added in vitro upon the carbohydrate metabolism of liver slices. 1. The effect of adrenal cortical extract (eschatin) upon synthesis of glycogen and of total carbohydrate

The effect of adrenal cortical preparations added <i>in vitro</i> upon the carbohydrate metabolism of liver slices. 1. The effect of adrenal cortical extract (eschatin) upon synthesis of glycogen and of total carbohydrate

The effect of adrenal cortical preparations added in vitro upon the carbohydrate metabolism of liver slices. 2. The effect of some pure steroids upon carbohydrate synthesis, oxygen uptake and non-protein nitrogen

The effect of adrenal cortical preparations added <i>in vitro</i> upon the carbohydrate metabolism of liver slices. 2. The effect of some pure steroids upon carbohydrate synthesis, oxygen uptake and non-protein nitrogen

Growth inhibition in the skin following direct application of adrenal cortical preparations

Growth inhibition in the skin following direct application of adrenal cortical preparations

Inhibition of Hair Growth by the Percutaneous Application of Certain Adrenal Cortical Preparations

Inhibition of Hair Growth by the Percutaneous Application of Certain Adrenal Cortical Preparations

Inhibition of Hair Growth by the Percutaneous Application of Certain Adrenal Cortical Preparations

Inhibition of Hair Growth by the Percutaneous Application of Certain Adrenal Cortical Preparations

PITUITARY-ADRENAL CORTICAL CONTROL OF LYMPHOCYTE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AS REVEALED BY EXPERIMENTAL X-RADIATION1

A LYMPHOPENIA and profound alterations in lymphoid tissue were among the earliest described physiological effects of Roentgen radiation. Indeed, the lymphocyte has been shown by many investigators to be the most radiosensitive of body cells (Dunlap, 1942). The extensive literature describing the effects of radiation on lymphoid tissue has been summarized by Murphy (1926) and, more recently, by Selling and Osgood (1938). The similarities between the described changes produced in lymphoid tissue by Roentgen radiation and those seen following a single injection of either pituitary adrenotrophic hormone or adrenal cortical preparations (Dougherty and White, 1945) suggested that pituitary-adrenal cortical secretion might be a normal, physiological mechanism concerned with certain of the physiological actions of X-rays.

NEW BOOKS

This book is designed as a handbook for general practitioners of medicine. Emphasis is given chiefly to the diseases of the gonads. Very few pages are allocated to the thyroid or to the adrenal glands. The fundamental physiology of the sex glands is reviewed briefly and in an acceptable fashion. From the point of view of diagnosis the advice offered is, on the whole, sound. Many of the modern diagnostic procedures are described and discussed. However, such useful indices of endocrine function as the urinary ketosteroids and the urinary follicle stimulating hormone are hardly mentioned. Throughout the sections dealing with diagnosis there is a tendency to lean towards an endocrine diagnosis. Possibly this tendency may be misleading at times. Of more concern to the reviewer is the great enthusiasm of the author for endocrine therapy. Thyroid, estrogens, androgens, adrenal cortical preparations, etc., are recommended for many conditions.

The Influence of Adrenal Cortex on the Cholesterol Content in Rabbit Serum

Summary.The cholesterol content has been determined in the serum of rabbits after transplantation of adrenals, injection of adrenal cortical preparations and removal of one or both adrenals. In special experiments it could be demonstrated that adrenal cortical hormone was really transferred by the transplantation technique employed. After transplantation of adrenals and after injection of adrenal cortical extract of the SWINGLE‐PFIFFNER‐type a hypercholesterolemia could be demonstrated, as an expression of the presence of a hormone with cholesterol‐increasing effect in the adrenal cortex; this hormone is not identical with desoxycorticosteronacetate. After adrenalectomy no certain alterations in the serum cholesterol, corresponding to decreased or excluded adrenal cortical function, could be demonstrated.

Effect of Carbon Arc Irradiation and Adrenal Cortical Preparations on Capillary Permeability.

In studies concerning the cause of the reduction in blood pressure following carbon arc irradiation, it was of interest to obtain an estimate of the extent and degree of changes in capillary permeability produced by the irradiation. For this purpose Menken's trypan blue test1 was used on rabbits.The animals were divided into 2 groups of 10 each. Group I served as normal controls; Group II were irradiated over the abdominal area. The abdomen of all the rabbits was shaved at approximately the same time. One hour later Group II was exposed to the carbon arc lamp for 30 to 40 minutes at a distance of one meter. Four hours later all animals received intravenously 8 to 10 cc of 1% solution of trypan blue in normal saline. Two hours after injecting the dye the animals were carefully examined over the irradiated area of the abdomen, then killed, and the viscera compared with reference to the degree of staining by the dye.The results showed striking differences. The skin and abdominal viscera of control animals pr...