The effects of submission and exposure to real-world and virtual violence during childhood and adolescence.

To predict trajectories of cognitive abilities from ages 2 years to 15 years in children born extremely preterm. This longitudinal cohort study examined 659 (330 males) children born at 23 weeks to 27 weeks' gestation with cognitive assessments at ages 2 years, 10 years, and 15 years. Early factors analysed included maternal and neonatal characteristics, comorbidities, and neonatal inflammatory proteins. For verbal, non-verbal, and combined cognitive abilities, greater social disadvantage at birth, male sex, 23 weeks to 24 weeks gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), ultrasound-detected cerebral white matter injury (WMI), and elevated inflammatory proteins in neonatal blood were associated with lower scores over the 15-year time frame for all outcomes. Analyses of joint association between socially disadvantaged groups and WMI suggested that the effect of no social disadvantage was evident only among children without WMI, whereas the effect of WMI was evident irrespective of social disadvantage. In this cohort of children born extremely preterm, social disadvantage at birth, male sex, BPD, WMI, and neonatal systemic inflammation were associated with slower gains in cognitive scores from age 2 years to 15 years. Early WMI moderated the associations between social disadvantage and cognitive functioning. Efforts to address both neonatal morbidities and social factors could improve cognitive functioning in children born extremely preterm.

ABSTRACT Depression in young people is common, and their daily care management often lies with their parents. Young people and clinicians depend on parents for attendance and adherence to treatment, and there is growing evidence that parents’ participation benefits their child’s treatment outcomes. Engagement with parents has therefore recently attracted interest in the field of children’s mental health. Research in the area highlights parents’ perceptions around engagement, the quality of their involvement, and the nature of the intervention offered to them as crucial variables for positive outcomes for the child. There is, however, a lack of research on parents’ involvement in children’s psychoanalytic interventions. This study explores parents’ views and experiences of parent work as part of the Short-Term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy (STPP) offered to their depressed adolescent child. This qualitative study used thematic analysis to analyse 19 semi-structured interviews with parents of adolescents at the end of their STPP treatment. The interviews were collected as part of the ‘Improving mood with psychoanalytic and cognitive therapies – my experience’ (IMPACT-ME) study. Parents generally valued involvement in their child’s treatment, but their views of therapy, being seen separately, and their first contact with CAMHS shaped how they engaged in parent work. When they attended sessions, their perception of the parent worker and the therapeutic space strongly influenced their participation. Their sense of parent work’s usefulness depended on how meaningfully they could take part. Parents used the sessions in varied ways, from offloading and seeking information to reflecting on change and family dynamics. Recommendations are drawn from the research to help clinicians improve parents’ meaningful engagement and outcomes. Understanding parents’ experience of support in the context of their child’s treatment for depression could contribute to improving the outcome of therapy for their children.

This community service activity was conducted through a seminar entitled “Parent-Child Relationships from a Psychological Perspective”, aimed at enhancing the quality of relationships between parents and their children. The seminar took place at GBKP Runggun Sikeben Congregation, Tanah Karo, and was attended by parents along with their adolescent and adult children. Communication problems, perception gaps, and a lack of understanding of children’s personalities and developmental stages often trigger conflicts within families. This seminar offered a psychological approach to building healthy relationships, emphasizing the importance of two-way communication, empathy, and an understanding of personal characteristics and human developmental stages—from early childhood to adulthood. The seminar was delivered in an interactive and reflective manner. The outcomes showed that participants gained new insights into the role of parents as companions to their children and recognized the need to establish open and empathetic communication within the family. This activity positively contributed to increasing psychological awareness in parenting practices and opened opportunities for further collaboration in fostering harmonious family relationships.

HIV status disclosure remains a persistent challenge for children and adolescents aged 6-19 years. Disclosure is critical to improving treatment adherence, viral suppression, and psychosocial wellbeing, and promoting informed decision-making. This scoping review aimed to identify evidence on interventions focused on disclosing children's and adolescents' HIV statuses to them, and those supporting them with onward disclosure. We conducted a global scoping review to identify and analyze interventions supporting HIV status disclosure to, and by, children and adolescents living with HIV, identifying 25 interventions. Interventions were categorized into (1) disclosure-specific (directly focused on disclosure) and (2) disclosure-inclusive interventions (involving disclosure within broader support). Realist methods were used to evaluate disclosure-specific interventions; narrative synthesis was used for disclosure-inclusive interventions due to their heterogeneity. Disclosure-specific interventions shared common building blocks, including recognition of autonomy and dignity, tools to enhance engagement, and integration with broader health and social support systems. These contributed to improved confidence, communication, and decision-making among children and adolescents. Disclosure-inclusive interventions frequently employed intergenerational and peer support models, alongside health system strengthening strategies. Findings revealed differences in available evidence for disclosure interventions, with limited adolescent-tailored disclosure-specific interventions and few rights-based paradigms. While interventions to promote disclosure and retention in care aimed to work within participants' support systems, fewer made efforts to bolster these systems or enhance linkages; these approaches require further evidence. Priority actions emerging from the review include enhancing training and education, adopting youth-driven and rights-based approaches, strengthening metrics, and adapting to the evolving HIV landscape.

Objective: The current study tested (1) how ADHD symptoms and internalizing or externalizing problems covaried across ages 3-18 in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and (2) whether demographic and NF1-specific factors moderated the associations. Method: We analyzed integrated cross-sectional data of 685 observations from 455 children and adolescents with NF1 (Mage = 9.79 years, SD = 3.88; 43% female) across six institutions in the United States and Australia. ADHD symptoms (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and internalizing/externalizing problems were assessed via parent-report measures. Time-varying effect modeling was employed to examine the age-specific associations between ADHD symptoms and internalizing/externalizing problems. Moderation analyses tested effects of sex, parental education, and NF1 inheritance mode (familial vs. sporadic). Results: Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were associated with greater internalizing and externalizing problems across ages 3-17. Inattention links were similar across ages, while the hyperactivity/impulsivity-externalizing link was stronger in early childhood than during adolescence. NF1 inheritance mode significantly moderated the inattention-externalizing link, with stronger associations observed among children with familial NF1. Other moderators were nonsignificant. Conclusions: ADHD symptoms are robustly linked to internalizing and externalizing problems from childhood to middle adolescence in children with NF1, with familial NF1 emerging as a potentially elevated risk factor. Future longitudinal and experimental research is needed to inform integrated intervention approaches, especially for those with familial NF1.

Introduction This article examines the emotional and relational impact of transnational fatherhood within Pakistani families, focusing on the deep-seated gendered anxieties experienced by migrant fathers and the resultant emotional burden on their adolescent children (sons and daughters). While migration provides essential economic remittances, it disrupts the traditional patriarchal role of fathers as both providers and moral custodians, leading to familial strain. Methods Employing a qualitative, multi-perspectival approach, the study conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 30 migrant fathers residing in Italy and their 29 adolescent children in Punjab, Pakistan. Results Thematic analysis revealed a “paradox of remote protection,” where fathers’ fears—specifically regarding sons’ conduct, negative peer influence, and the protection of daughters’ modesty in the digital age—drive digital communication into a tool of surveillance and control rather than connection. Discussion This hierarchical, transactional mode of interaction exacerbates intergenerational disconnects, creating profound emotional and instrumental voids felt by both parents and children. The findings underscore the invisible emotional labor performed by left-behind adolescents and highlight the critical clash between rigid patriarchal expectations and the growing autonomy and globally-influenced realities of youth in transnational family spaces. This research calls for nuanced interventions addressing fathers’ anxieties and supporting authentic emotional exchange across geographical divides.

ObjectiveThis review seeks to understand the global trends of contemporary witchcraft accusations and related harms against children and adolescents (0–18 years of age).IntroductionWitchcraft-related violence against children and adolescents (children) reflects an alarming and understudied phenomenon of socio-culturally legitimated harm around the globe, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. ‘Witchcraft’ explains the unexplainable, such as strokes of luck and/or misfortune. Witchcraft accusations are linked to illness, sudden death, financial misfortune, miscarriages, financial windfall, disability, birth abnormalities, or rare conditions. Religious entities also levy witchcraft accusations, referring to black magic, evil, works or malicious spirits, to profit off families while harming the accused. These accusations result in marginalization, alienation, slandered reputation, communal expulsion, and violence, causing disfiguration, disability, and death. Children are especially vulnerable to witchcraft-related violence, including human trafficking, and ceremonial and cultural sacrifice.Inclusion criteriaThis scoping review will examine witchcraft accusations and related harms against children and adolescents (0–18 years of age) globally from 1946 to 2024.Exclusion criteriaThis scoping review excludes articles that do not report specifics of the accusation, situation, result, age of the accused, or country of origin.MethodsThis scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Statement. Articles published from January 1, 1946 to December 31, 2024 will be collected across academic, grey literature and web-based databases. A systematic search strategy will be applied in each database, and all search results recorded. A bibliometric analysis will also be undertaken to systematically and rigorously review the extant literature.Findings of this review will identify areas of collaboration and gaps for further exploration. The literature analysis can raise awareness and inform resource development across health care, education, social work, government, and community sectors to better support victims of witchcraft-related harms.

Preterm-born children, especially those born before 32 weeks of gestational age, are at increased risk for persistent respiratory complications at adolescence. This retrospective single-center study aimed to assess long-term pulmonary function in children born at < 33 weeks gestational age (GA) between 2011 and 2014 at CHC Saint-Vincent (Liège, Belgium). Evaluations, conducted between January and May 2025, included a detailed medical history, clinical examination, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement, and skin prick testing when indicated. Forty children aged 11 to 14 years were included. The mean age at birth was 28.7 ± 2.6 weeks GA. At adolescence, 55 % of the children reported exertional respiratory symptoms and 22.5 % had recurrent bronchitis. Mean Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) in z-score was -0.77 ± 0.99, with no significant difference between those born before or after 28 weeks. Bronchodilator response (FEV1 in z-score) improved to -0.14 ± 0.96, which suggested a reversible obstructive component consistent with asthma. Only 10 % were receiving specialized respiratory follow-up before the study, while 37.5% required initiation or reintroduction of treatment after assessment. These findings highlight the high prevalence of undiagnosed respiratory symptoms in adolescents born preterm and underline the need for systematic screening and structured pulmonary follow-up to prevent long-term complications and improve quality of life.

Examining differences in navigation strategy and performance in children, adolescents, and adults using the dual solution paradigm.

Parental Understanding of Menstrual Problems in their Adolescent Child: A Narrative Review.

Adolescent online child sexual abuse material offending in Turkey: Psychosocial and forensic profiles from NCMEC reports and child protection implications.

Childhood and adolescence are critical developmental periods marked by increasing physical inactivity, stress and mental health problems. TABATA training, a supramaximal form of high-intensity interval training, has been increasingly promoted as a time-efficient approach to improving health. However, evidence on its specific effects in children and adolescents remains limited, fragmented and not systematically synthesised. The objective of this review is to determine whether TABATA training improves physical fitness and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. We will perform a systematic review of experimental studies in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The initial literature search was conducted in May 2025, and the systematic review is expected to be completed by March 2026. Eligible studies will include multisession Tabata interventions defined as repeated 20 s high-intensity bouts with 10 s rest intervals, typically performed for 7-8 cycles per set, with or without multiple sets. Outcomes will include physical fitness indicators and mental health indicators. Study selection and data extraction will follow the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study design framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for randomised trials and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions for non-randomised studies. When sufficient data are available, quantitative synthesis will be conducted using a three-level random-effects meta-analytic model to account for dependency among effect sizes and anticipated clinical and methodological heterogeneity across studies. Effect sizes for continuous outcomes will be calculated as standardised mean differences. Sensitivity analyses will be performed, and publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots when an adequate number of studies is available. Statistical analyses will be performed using R and Review Manager (RevMan) V.5.4, where appropriate. The results of the systematic review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference. As we will not use individual patient data, ethical approval is not required. CRD42025632986.

Mental health problem impacts the life of children, adolescents, and their family. Different physiological factors were implicated as etiology of Nocturnal Enuresis (NE). Small body of research examined the impact of mental health problem on NE in children and adolescents. At Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, a cross-sectional study was carried out between September 22, 2022, and November 22, 2022 to examine association between mental health problems and NE among children and adolescents. A Sample of 423 research participants was recruited using systematic random sampling. A structured, in-person interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-5) were used to assess NE and Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) parent report version were used to screen for child and adolescent mental health problems. Bi-variate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the association between independent and outcome variables. A 95% confidence interval (CI) with a corresponding p-value < 0.05 was used to determine the strength of the association. Out of 423 participants 417 were participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 8.3 ± 2.3 years. Two hundred forty seven (n 247, 59.2%) of the participants were between 5 and 8 years and (n 271, 65%) were boys. Regarding living status of the participated children and adolescents (n 297, 71.2%) were living with their parents. According to the educational level of children and adolescents (n 270, 64.7%) were primary school and above, while education level for (n 151, 36.2%) parents were high school and above. The magnitude of NE was (n 57, 13.7%). The overall magnitude of behavioral and emotional problem was, (n 154, 36.9%) and specifically (n 139, 33.3%) had emotional problems, (n 73, 17.5%) had hyperactive-inattention, (n 89, 21.3%) had conduct problems, and (n 134, 32.1%) had peer problems. NE occurred among 29.8% (n 17) of children with abnormal total difficulty score, 22.8% (n 13) of children with conduct problem, 10.5% (n 6) of children with emotional problems, 21.1% (n 12) of children with hyperactive-inattention problem, and 10.5% (n 6) of children with peer problems. The total difficulty score (AOR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.46, 1.93), conduct problems (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.35, 1.48) and hyperactivity-inattention problems (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.23, 1.04) were not found to be associated with NE. But Emotional problems (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.52, 9.04) and peer problems (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.39, 8.31) found to independently associated with NE. In this study emotional and peer-problems - but not the total difficulty score, conduct or hyperactivity problems - were associated with NE. Thus, targeted early intervention focusing on emotional and peer problems should be designed to improve children's and adolescents NE.

This preregistered study examined bidirectional associations between parental psychological distress (PD) and relationship quality (RQ) from pregnancy to children's adolescence, assessing both within-individual and cross-partner effects, and testing the strength and gender differences in these associations. Previous studies have analyzed the links between parental PD and RQ, but research covering the whole range of active parenting years in both parents is limited. Moreover, prior research has primarily focused on relationship intimacy, often overlooking autonomy and the balance between the two. This longitudinal study involved 375 intact Finnish couples who answered questionnaires on PD and RQ during pregnancy, postpartum, and the child's middle childhood and late adolescence. The associations between PD and RQ were assessed with random intercept cross-lagged panel models based on both sum and balance scores of intimacy and autonomy, and individual scales. At the state level, PD was associated with higher overall RQ (i.e., a combination of intimacy and autonomy) and higher autonomy at unique parenting stages. However, PD predicted lower intimacy and less relationship enmeshment (i.e., a combination of more autonomy than intimacy) during early parenting years. PD predicted RQ more than the reverse and fathers' RQ was more strongly predicted by mothers' distress than the corresponding prediction from fathers to mothers. At the trait level, PD and RQ showed consistently negative associations. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding how PD shapes RQ over time, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between autonomy and intimacy in family relationships throughout the parenting years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction: The nursing profession for female nurses, in addition to maternal duties, creates problems in meeting the psychological needs of their children. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing feelings of loneliness and happiness in the children of female nurses who work overtime and do shift work. Methods: This is a descriptive-comparative study.The research population was the children of female nurses working in the emergency room of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan. 120 nurses were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of nurses working on shifts and those wprking overtime. The data collection tools included the demographic characteristics form, Usher and Wheeler loneliness questionnaires, and Oxford happiness questionnaires. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 software. Rusults: The samples were compared in two groups including 60 children of nurses who worked overtime and did shift work. In working overtime group, the average happiness score was significantly lower (p=0/001), which had a significant negative relationship with the variables of being an only child (p=0/05), older child age (p=0/006), and being female (p=0/006). Among the happiness dimensions, the positive mood dimension had the highest, and the life satisfaction dimension had the lowest impact. The average loneliness score of children of nurses working shift work was significantly higher (p=0/001), which had a significant negative relationship with the variables of being an only child (p=0/02), older child age (p=0/03), and female (p=0/001). Among the loneliness dimensions, the emotional loneliness dimension had the highest, and the social loneliness dimension had the lowest impact. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that children whose nursing mothers are away from them for a longer period of time, experience more emotional loneliness and have lower happiness and positive mood. Given the greater impact of the absence of the mother on the happiness and loneliness of adolescent female children in small-population families, it is necessary for health policymakers to pay special attention to providing human resources and providing shift work to maintain the psychosocial health of children of nursing mothers.

Objective: Prevalence of pre-high blood pressure and hypertension in early adolescent children between 12-14years old age. Study Design: Cross-section studyPlace and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the schools of intermediate public in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq from 1st January 2023 to 15th April 2023. Methods: This cross-section study was done in schools of intermediate public in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq. The participants were carried out on 200 (100 males and 100 females) early adolescent children aged 12-14 years. Results: There were79% of normal blood pressure values, and 13% of them were in pre hypertension state with 4:5 male to female rate, 2% of them were in hypertension stage 1 with 3:1 male to female rate, 1% were stage 2 all females, 1.5% were isolated systolic hypertension with 1:2 male to female rate, 2% were isolated diastolic hypertension with 1:3 male to female rate, and the remainder were white coat hypertension. Conclusion: The increasing prevalence of hypertension in childhood were carrying problem of global health, demands early recognition with good treatment, a guide in a specific direction evolve progress with raise awareness of this subject shall be predicted, where early prevention could resolute before all measures.

This Community Service Program (PkM) aims to strengthen the role of adolescent parents through education on parenting during puberty and family financial literacy in Lembang Tondon Langi’, Tondon District, North Toraja Regency. Through two training sessions led by Ibu Rio Rita Pakan and Ibu Westerini, the program focused on enhancing the knowledge and skills of parents in addressing the challenges of parenting adolescent children and managing household finances. The first session, which addressed parenting during puberty, provided parents with insights into the characteristics of adolescent development and effective communication strategies. The second session, which focused on family financial management, offered practical skills in budgeting, debt management, and saving for the future. The results of the program showed that parents in Lembang Tondon Langi’ felt more prepared and confident in applying a more open and adaptive approach to parenting, as well as becoming more prudent in managing household finances. The enhancement of skills in both areas is expected to create more harmonious families and greater financial stability. The sustainability of the program is recommended through the formation of ongoing discussion groups and the active involvement of community leaders. This program has contributed positively to family welfare and the empowerment of parents in rural areas

Aim. To study dysfunctional family emotional communications of adolescents who are socially accompanied and registered in juvenile affairs units as predictors of their antisocial behavior. Methodology. The psychological diagnostic procedure was performed using the questionnaire “Family Emotional Communications” by A. B. Kholmogorova, S. V. Volikova, M. G. Sorokova and the methodology for studying family adaptation and cohesion (FACES-3). The normality of the distribution was verified by a set of computational methods (Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria with Lillyfors’s correction) and graphical (Q-Q and box graphs); the m-group differences were determined using the Mann-Whitney U-test; correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman criterion; factor analysis of data was applied. Results. It has been established that the emotional predictors of antisocial behavior (committing offenses, using psychoactive substances, vagrancy, and other antisocial actions) in adolescents are dysfunctional emotional communications in their families (criticism, family perfectionism, fixation on negativity, elimination of emotions, over-involvement, inducing anxiety, orientation to external well-being; family cohesion, family emotional connection) which form the two-factor structure – “emotional dysfunctionality of the family” and “emotional family violence.” For male adolescents, the most significant emotional predictor of antisocial behavior is family perfectionism, and for female adolescents, it is a lack of emotional connection in the family with an excess of criticism and elimination of emotions. Research implications. The results obtained enrich applied practical social and penitentiary psychology. They can be used by psychologists of the social protection system who help dysfunctional families and children raised in them, as well as juvenile affairs units, by parents interested in the emotional and psychological well-being of their adolescent children, and by students of psychology faculties, cadets of departmental universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and their teachers.

Racial discrimination affects individuals and families, especially Black American mothers, who often rely on coping strategies like the Superwoman Schema—reflecting stress, resilience, and societal expectations shaped by racism and sexism. This study examines how personal and vicarious racial discrimination (experienced through their adolescent children) relate to depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and anxiety among 319 Black American mothers. It also explores whether dimensions of the Superwoman Schema mediate these effects. Confirmatory factor analyses identified two key dimensions: the obligation to manifest strength and the obligation to help others at the expense of self-care. Only the latter mediated the relationship between both forms of racial discrimination and mental health outcomes. No mediation was found for the obligation to manifest strength. These findings underscore the need to address culturally relevant stressors and coping mechanisms in understanding the mental health of Black American mothers.