Adjustment Policies Research Articles

Effects of Industrial Structure on the Green Utilization Efficiency of Urban Land: A Case Study of the Bohai Rim Region, China

The green utilization of urban land is a critical component of regional high-quality development. Enhancing the green utilization efficiency of urban land (GUEUL) is of great significance to improving the quality of ecological environment and achieving a green lifestyle and low-carbon production. With the process of urbanization, the industrial structure is constantly adjusted, which has an impact on the structure and efficiency of urban land utilization. Taking 43 cities in the Bohai Rim region as an example, the super-efficiency slack-based measure model with undesirable outputs (super-SBM-undesirable model) was employed to evaluate the GUEUL from 2006 to 2021, and the panel quantile model was used to explore the impact of industrial structure on GUEUL. The results showed that the GUEUL in the Bohai Rim region appeared a fluctuating upward trend from 0.664 in 2006 to 0.837 in 2021. High-value zones shifted from western Liaoning province and southern Shandong province to a “C”-shaped belt around the coastline and expanded continuously, while low-value zones decreased significantly. Furthermore, the influence of industrial structure on GUEUL was significantly positive, but there were significant differences among different efficiency levels. Industrial structure upgrading exerted the most significant effect on GUEUL improvement in low-value zones, while industrial structure rationalization was dominant in high-value zones, and the influence of industrial structure technologization was more significant in medium-low-value zones. Therefore, differentiated industrial structure adjustment policies should be formulated based on the actual condition of each city to improve GUEUL.

Cash Incentive on Remittance Inflow and its Impact on Economic Growth in Bangladesh

Remittances are crucial for driving economic growth in developing countries like Bangladesh, as they effectively influencenearly all macroeconomic indicators within the financial ecosystem. This study examines the impact of remittance inflow on economic growth in Bangladesh considering the cash incentive policy of the government. The ARDL Bound testing approach is employed for the analysis using a monthly dataset covering the period from January 2015 to April 2023. The evidence from the results provides a substantial and favorable influence of remittances on the economic growth of Bangladesh, both in the short term and the long term. According to the expected error correction term, it is projected that the economy will undergo a correction of its imbalances at an annual rate of 58%. Consequently, a strategic blend of short-term policy adjustments and long-term initiatives has the potential to enhance the influence of remittances in fostering sustainable economic growth and elevating the the quality of life for both expatriates and the nation as a whole.

Evolution of policy-driven ecosystem of original innovation talents

In an era of unprecedented global challenges, the cultivation, attraction, and retention of original innovation talent have become critical determinants of national competitiveness and sustainable development. This study introduces a novel multi-agent original innovation talent ecosystem model (MOITEM) to systematically analyze the effects of different talent policies on the ecosystems of original innovation talent across various regions in China. The simulations reveal that while direct talent policies drive short-term talent growth, they often fall short of addressing the long-term needs for resource allocation and environmental optimization, thereby limiting sustained competitiveness. In contrast, indirect and combined talent policies prioritize the overall quality of the ecosystem, providing more enduring support for original innovation. Furthermore, this study explores the interactions among agents within the ecosystem and their synergistic relationships with the external environment, highlighting the necessity of targeted policy formulation and multi-agent collaboration. The findings not only elucidate the strengths and limitations of various talent policies but also offer tailored recommendations based on regional characteristics, emphasizing the importance of continuous evaluation and adaptive policy adjustment. These insights hold substantial theoretical and practical implications for the development and optimization of global policies aimed at fostering original innovation talent.

Will peer-to-peer online lending affect the effectiveness of monetary policy?

Online lending is a product of digital transformation, which has had a profound impact on the traditional money market. This paper discusses the impact of peer-to-peer (P2P) online lending on the effectiveness of monetary policy. Through the bootstrap sub-sample rolling-window Granger causality tests show that P2P has both positive and negative impacts on the money supply (M2). The positive impact of P2P on M2 indicates that online loans increase the amount of money supply. The negative impact of P2P on M2 shows that it may cut the money supply, thus weakening the monetary policy effectiveness. The general equilibrium model is inconsistent with these results, which underlines a positive effect from P2P to M2. In turn, the negative impact points out that the adjustment of monetary policy will hinder the development of P2P. The negative impact of M2 on P2P indicates that through the regulation of money supply, the online lending market can be correctly guided to prevent financial market from getting out of control. Through the supervision of online lending industry, we can accurately grasp the development of the internet financial industry and reduce its impact on monetary policy.

Sustainability Analysis of the Revolving Fund Program of the LPDB (Revolving Fund Management Institution): MICMAC Method Approach

The importance of access to credit for micro, small, and household craft enterprises, including cooperatives, has become a major focus in improving working capital financing and capital accumulation to support industrial income. The government through the LPDB (Revolving Fund Management Institution) has launched a revolving fund program that aims to strengthen the capital base of cooperatives, increase the capacity of human resources in business and financial management, and increase the role of cooperatives in expanding employment opportunities and reducing poverty. According to data from the Cooperative Business Development Division of the Denpasar City MSME Cooperative Office, from 2021 to 2023, there were five cooperatives that received the LPDB revolving fund program, but did not consistently reapply for the funds. This raises concerns regarding the sustainability of the program and the factors that influence it. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the sustainability of the LPDB program for cooperatives in Denpasar City. Using the MICMAC (Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification) analysis method, this study reveals that the revolving fund administration requirements and members' information and knowledge about the revolving fund have the most significant direct influence. These findings underscore the importance of simplifying the administrative process and improving member knowledge to ensure the success of the program. In addition, active member participation emerged as an important predictor of program sustainability, highlighting the importance of members' direct involvement in supporting their economic activities. Thus using this method can uncover critical factors, and provide a comprehensive understanding that can inform policy adjustments and strategic implementation to improve program sustainability.

Resistance to Antimalarial Drugs in Uganda: Current Status and Future Directions

Antimalarial drug resistance posed a significant challenge to malaria control in Uganda, where Plasmodium falciparum remains the predominant strain. This review examined the current status of antimalarial drug resistance in Uganda, focusing on the mechanisms underlying resistance, epidemiological trends, and the impact on malaria control programs. Chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance have been well-documented, and recent concerns about reduced efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) highlight ongoing challenges. The review identified key mechanisms of resistance, including genetic mutations, drug efflux, metabolic pathway alterations, and potential biofilm formation. The implications of resistance on treatment efficacy, healthcare costs, and policy adjustments are discussed. Future directions included strengthening surveillance systems, optimizing combination therapies, investing in research and development, implementing integrated vector management strategies, and enhancing public education and community engagement. Related published literatures were reviewed and analysis of recent data on drug resistance patterns in Uganda was carried out and utilised in compiling this paper. By exploring these dimensions, the review aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers to effectively address drug resistance and advance malaria control efforts in Uganda. Keywords: Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Plasmodium falciparum, Chloroquine Resistance, Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies (ACTs), Surveillance and Monitoring.

Curriculum Updates and Their Impact on School Management Practices

Curriculum renewal influences not only educational content, but also overall school management practices. In this study, we investigate the impact of curriculum reform on school management practices with an interdisciplinary approach. Through a literature review, we identified various forms of impact, including changes in management paradigm, organizational structure, school culture, teacher skills, education quality, community involvement, management skills, resource quality, student involvement, and service quality. Our findings suggest that school management must adapt planning, training, resource provision, and community involvement to manage change. Regular evaluations are needed to develop more effective education policies and school management practices, with policy adjustments based on evaluation findings. Good communication and involvement of all stakeholders is the key to implementing significant changes in increasing educational effectiveness.

Redevelopment of Underutilized Land in Cities Based on the Perspective of Relevant Stakeholders

As urbanization continues to advance, the issue of redevelopment of low utility land in cities has gradually become the focus of widespread attention. The existence of low utility land leads to irrational allocation of urban resources, low land utilization efficiency, and brings challenges to sustainable urban development. This paper comprehensively analyzes the main causes of low utility land in cities and analyzes them from the perspectives of stakeholders at different levels, and at the same time, it proposes a series of solutions tailored to the local conditions by comparing the problems in urban redevelopment in Guangzhou and London, because different cities have different policies, laws or development pattern which may infect the management of low utility land differently. Meanwhile, this paper also explores the solution to the problem of inefficient land use through effective urban planning, policy adjustment and cooperation among stakeholders to promote sustainable urban development. Finally, this paper gives some problems and challenges that need further attention in the future.

Surge in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection and Respiratory Viruses Co-infection in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Post-Pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, multifaceted non-pharmaceutical interventions have not only reduced the transmission of SARS-CoV2 but also affected the prevalence of other respiratory pathogens. With the lifting of many restrictions, a surge in cases of pneumonia in children has been reported in many hospitals in China. The study assessed the changes in pathogen and symptoms of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) before and after the adjustments of prevention and control measures of epidemic and provided recommendations for CAP in children. Children diagnosed with CAP were enrolled in the study from 2022 to 2023. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in a general hospital. We analyzed the data about demographic data, clinical symptoms, pathogens, and medical treatments. The Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to assess the statistical significance of groups. We studied 1103 children, 339 in 2022 and 764 in 2023. Compared with children in 2022, more children were diagnosed with CAP in 2023 and these children had a higher body temperature and levels of CRP and PCT, which indicated these children got severe inflammation. The positive rate of the pathogen was also higher in 2023, especially the detective rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The number of children infected with more than two pathogens was higher in 2023, especially those co-infected with the virus and M. Pneumoniae. Concerning the medicine therapy, the usage of β-lactam antibiotics, Macrolide antibiotics, and antiviral drugs kept rapid growth. After the adjustment of epidemic prevention and control policies in 2023, more children got CAP with severe clinical symptoms, and more antibiotics and antiviral drugs were used. Further study is needed to explore the reasons for the increase in children with CAP and to explore the rationality of treatment.

Navigating new waters: China's strategic responses to the Indo-Pacific economic framework for prosperity

ABSTRACT The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) represents a significant pivot in the economic and strategic orientations of the Indo-Pacific region, reflecting a collective endeavor to foster economic integration, sustainability, and security among its member states. This shift has profound implications for China, a main regional power with vested interests across the economic, political, and security spectrums. This paper delves into the multifaceted options available to China in response to the IPEF, analysing the strategic, economic, and diplomatic avenues Beijing might pursue to safeguard its interests and maintain its regional presence. Through a comprehensive examination of official statements, policy adjustments, and strategic engagements, the paper outlines China's nuanced approach towards the IPEF, ranging from competitive economic policies and regional partnerships to diplomatic overtures aimed at reshaping the narrative around regional cooperation and development. By dissecting these strategies, the paper sheds light on the evolving dynamics of regional power play, offering insights into how China navigates the challenges and opportunities posed by the IPEF. The analysis concludes with a discussion on the potential ramifications of China's strategies for the regional order, suggesting pathways for future research and policy considerations.

Strategies to Improve Employee Engagement and HR Quality at M Educational Institution Jakarta

The development of education is no less important than the economic and social world. However, in recent years the workforce in the world of education has experienced significant turnover which has hampered the development of teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and discuss the level of employee engagement and the quality of human resource management using the example of the educational institution M Educational Institution Jakarta. This research was conducted by conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires to educational personnel as subjects. In this study, we identified the core concepts of employee engagement in educational institutions, designed an engagement questionnaire and a satisfaction questionnaire, and conducted a survey. Getting the results from this research, there are problems such as incomplete human resource development mechanism, high human resource mobility, serious exit of high-quality human resources, unbalanced faculty staffing structure, and incomplete performance evaluation and incentive mechanism. Analyzing the problems and their causes, it is necessary to propose constructive solutions and countermeasures, identify common problems in employee participation and human resource management in educational institutions, and improve strategy development and policy adjustment depending on the problems. The result of this research is that increasing employee engagement and the quality of human resources is very important. In the development of the M Educational Jakarta institution, it requires the implementation of a scientific and rational human resource management mechanism, with the concept of project management as a systematic implementation framework, which can also be a guide in managing HR in educational institutions, and ensuring the effectiveness of HR operations.

Exploring Literacy Improvement and Nutritional Practices in Chenchu Tribe Community in Telangana

This study investigates the correlation between literacy improvement needs and nutritional practices among adults chenchu tribe community in Telangana. Focusing on three key areas literacy improvement, nutrition for children, and healthcare access the research aims to identify gaps and propose actionable solutions to enhance overall community well-being. Data was collected from 120 adults across various age groups, villages, and income levels, with a focus on their perceptions of literacy education, nutritional practices, and healthcare. The study reveals significant age-related differences in the desire for literacy improvement and varies perceptions of nutrition and healthcare based on income. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational and nutritional interventions in these communities. This research contributes to the broader understanding of rural development challenges and offers recommendations for policy adjustments to improve literacy and health outcomes.

Rethinking rural: Public health advocates' views on ENDS cessation for young adults in rural areas.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, commonly referred to as e-cigarettes), have become popular among young adults (YAs, 18-24 years) in the United States. YAs in rural areas increasingly consume more ENDS than those in urban areas. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the perspectives of public health advocates (PHAs) on ENDS use and cessation among YAs in rural areas. The objectives of the study are to describe the perspectives of PHAs and identify strategies to strengthen the capacity for promoting the cessation of ENDS among YAs in rural communities. A qualitative study and interpretive description were used with semi-structured interviews. The content analysis was used to analyze the data. Twenty-two PHAs, including public health officers, nurses, and tobacco-free educators, from Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota, were invited to the semi-structured interviews. Four themes emerged: (a) Perceived ENDS use and cessation; (b) rural contexts and infrastructure influencing ENDS use; (c) essential public health responsibilities controlling ENDS use in rural areas; and (d) regulating ENDS use: Policies and law. PHAs stressed the importance of increased awareness of ENDS use in YAs, improved regulation, and tailored policies to tackle rural communities' distinct challenges. The study emphasizes the urgency for specialized programs to aid YAs in quitting ENDS in rural areas. A comprehensive strategy is needed to effectively address ENDS use among YAs in rural areas, involving education, policy adjustments, and community-based initiatives.

Questioning penalties and road safety Policies: Are they enough to deter risky motorcyclist Behavior?

Reducing risky behaviors and traffic violations is crucial for preventing road trauma among private and commercial motorcyclists. While legal interventions such as road rules and police enforcement have been somewhat effective, there is a gap in understanding how motorcyclists perceive these deterrents and the psycho-social factors influencing their effectiveness. This research aims to explore the interplay between motorcyclists’ psycho-social predispositions and their responses to legal interventions. It also compares two distinct groups of riders - private and commercial motorcyclists - within the urban environment of Da Nang, Vietnam, providing a nuanced consideration of the influence of work-related impacts on risky behavior, which can enable targeted interventions. We propose a theoretical model integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior and Deterrence Theory to analyze how psycho-social and punitive factors influence riders’ traffic violations. A total of 423 delivery riders and 411 private riders in Da Nang participated in the study. The results show that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and perceptions of deterrence significantly impact riders’ intentions to engage in risky behaviors, with delivery riders being particularly responsive to law enforcement and penalties. To enhance policy effectiveness, interventions should employ tailored enforcement strategies that account for the unique motivations and perceptions of each rider group. For example, increasing the visibility and consistency of law enforcement could be particularly impactful for delivery riders, who are more sensitive to immediate deterrents. Policy adjustments should also focus on reshaping riders’ attitudes toward safety and adjusting their perceived control over riding situations. By tailoring interventions to effectively influence each group’s behavior, we can ultimately reduce traffic incidents.

The Effectiveness of Electronic Trials in the Jurisdiction of the District Court Semarapura Class II Based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022

Electronic trials, also known as e-trials, represent a significant innovation in the judicial process by integrating technology into court proceedings. These trials utilize digital platforms to manage and conduct various aspects of the trial process, including the submission of evidence, witness testimonies, and legal arguments. However, the adoption of electronic trials also presents challenges that must be carefully considered. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of electronic trial in the jurisdiction of the Semarapura District Court Class II based on Perma Number 7 of 2022, and the obstacles experienced in its implementation. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges that courts may face in adopting such systems, thereby offering critical information that could inform future improvements and policy adjustments.

Enhancing Educational Access and Equality: The Significance of Scholarship Schemes for Students from Marginalized Communities in Higher Education

Considering the study conducted in North Maharashtra, this research delves into the challenges arising from diminishing public budgets for education juxtaposed against the escalating need for additional resources. Many countries, including India, are now exploring alternative strategies for subsidizing higher education, particularly to support students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. One prominent mechanism in this regard is the provision of scholarship schemes. Scholarship schemes have been integral to India's educational landscape since 1961. This paper critically analyzes 24 scholarship schemes administered by the central government, shedding light on the private expenditure incurred by students pursuing higher education. The study unveils several noteworthy observations:1. The Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) for higher education across all categories stands at 26.3%. However, when excluding students from Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST), the GER for other categories rises significantly to 28.25%. 2. Means-based scholarship schemes exhibit a lower share compared to means cum merit and merit-based scholarship programs. 3. Students bear a substantial private expenditure, with over 65% allocated to course fees. Surprisingly, only 46% of the scholarship schemes encompass both course fees and maintenance costs. 4. While the average private expenditure on maintenance costs for general degree courses amounts to ₹7,078, and for technical/professional degree courses, it rises to ₹17,769, 70% of the scholarship schemes provide maintenance amounts below ₹5,000. 1 Research Scholar, KBCNMU, Jalgaon, E-Mail ID- arund.patil@raisoni.net, G H Raisoni Institute of Engineering and Business Management, Jalgaon 2 Research Supervisor, E-Mail ID - nilmawarke3@gmail.com , Associate Professor at Godawari Institute of Management and Research,Jalgaon The study concludes that the current scholarship schemes contribute minimally to the efficiency or equity of the higher education system in India. Addressing the existing gaps in Indian scholarship schemes requires strategic policy adjustments: 1. The government should prioritize means-based scholarships over merit-based ones. 2. Scholarship amounts for both course fees and maintenance costs should be periodically revised every five years.3. A greater number of scholarship schemes should encompass coverage for students' course fees. By implementing these policy changes, the government can enhance the efficacy and inclusivity of scholarship schemes, ensuring a more equitable higher education landscape in India. Keywords: Higher Education, Scholarship Scheme, Central Government, Deprived Section, Gross Enrollment Ratio, Course Fees, etc.

Exploring The Implementation Challenges Faced By Healthcare Providers In Delivering Services Under Ayushman Bharat -Arogya Karnataka Health Scheme In Bengaluru, Karnataka-A Qualitative Study

Background: Ayushman Bharat-Arogya Karnataka (AB-ArK) is a flagship health insurance scheme of Karnataka started in Oct-2018. The integrated health assurance scheme of Ayushman Bharat-Arogya Karnataka is implemented by the State of Karnataka on an assurance/trust mode through the State Health Agency-Suvarna Arogya Suraksha Trust (SAST). AB-Ark is a Universal Health coverage scheme that provides a comprehensive healthcare to both Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL) families, covering a wide range of secondary and tertiary healthcare services. This scheme, part of the broader Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), seeks to offer financial protection against catastrophic health expenditures and improve access to quality healthcare services. Learning the experiences and insights from the scheme's implementers can enhance our understanding of how contextual factors impact a program's success. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the different contextual elements that can either support or obstruct the effective execution of a scheme. Objective: To understand the specific obstacles and barriers in effectively implementing the Ayushman Bharat Arogya Karnataka health scheme from a healthcare provider perspective. Methods: The study employed a qualitative approach involving 8 in-depth interviews. Interviews were audio recorded and were transcribed as per the reported verbatim. The transcripts were then analysed in Microsoft excel using thematic analysis for emerging patterns and insights leading to conclusions drawn from the analysis results. Results: Findings were depicted in broad themes and subthemes under individual, community, health system and policy levels. In brief, factors like infrastructure, patient load, awareness, affordability, quality of care and operational challenges were discussed. Conclusion: Study finding revealed various challenges faced by the health care provider, which needs to be addressed for the scheme’s long-term success and sustainability. Continuous monitoring, policy adjustments, and stakeholder engagement are essential to overcoming these hurdles and achieving the scheme's objectives.

Analysing the evolving effectiveness of monetary policy instruments in China: insights from the TVP-SV-MF-bfavar framework

ABSTRACT The application of monetary policy rules requires careful consideration across different macroeconomic stages. As the largest developing nation, China has undergone significant economic reforms over the past few decades, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of various monetary policy rules at different stages of development. This study introduces an innovative research framework, the TVP-SV-MF-BFAVAR model, and employs mixed-frequency data (quarterly, monthly, daily) spanning 20 years to construct relevant proxy indices. It empirically examines the evolving trends in the effectiveness of price-based and quantity-based monetary policy rules in China. The findings indicate that as the economy matures and interest rate marketization progresses, the effectiveness of price-based monetary policy has improved, while quantity-based measures remain reliable policy instruments. Moreover, the effectiveness of monetary policy rules exhibits distinct time-varying characteristics in response to macroeconomic fluctuations, suggesting the need for policy adjustments across different economic stages. Developing nations should actively promote interest rate marketization reforms to foster an enabling environment for the effective implementation of monetary policy.

Accurate and efficient daily carbon emission forecasting based on improved ARIMA

Major nations across the globe are increasingly concerned about the rising trends in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, particularly in societies of varying scales. Against this backdrop, precise prediction of carbon emissions becomes critically important, especially for the formulation and adjustment of near-term carbon reduction policies. However, the non-linear, non-stationary, and complex nature of daily carbon emission data poses a great challenge for daily-level forecasting especially in the big data context. To address this issue, we propose a novel composite forecasting approach named DCEF dedicated to the estimation of daily carbon emissions. In concrete, our approach employs the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) for data stabilization and the Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for forecasting, while integrating the Truncated singular value decomposition(TSVD) technique for data compression and mitigating noise. Finally, DCEF is empirically validated with real daily carbon emission datasets collected from 6 sectors in 13 countries of varying sizes. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of our approach compared to other baseline models in terms of prediction accuracy and efficiency.

Statistical analysis of the transformation of agricultural production in various categoriesof farms and forms of management

Agriculture is a complex material process, where the starting point is the presence of certain factors of production, productive forces and a special factor — land resources. The functioning and development of agriculture are associated with numerous threats and risks that require their assessment, monitoring, identification, taking into account the size of the industry, which is important from the point of view of forming directions for further promising development, obtaining maximum profit at the lowest cost. The institutional component also remains extremely important: the optimal form of organization of agricultural production, in which the available resources can be used in the best way. For the most complete and comprehensively in-depth assessment of the quantitative and qualitative transformation of the agricultural sector, the methodology of statistics has been applied. Based on the use of Salai and integral Ryabtsev indicators, the article characterizes the structural differences in agricultural production in the context of business categories and organizational and legal forms over 30 years; substantiates approaches to the optimal selection and use of analytical tools to assess the size of production in order to identify the most effective. Based on the estimated data, the main trends in the development of the industry have been identified, the results of the functioning of the activities of a set of organizations by categories of farms and organizational and legal forms have been summarized. The provisions of the article can be used to model threats, risks and predict the further vector of agricultural development in the formation of directions of state support, adjustment of fiscal policy for different categories of farms.