Adjustment Issues Research Articles

RELATIONSHIP OF ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS WITH QUALITY OF LIFE: A SURVEY AMONG STUDENTS LIVING IN HOSTEL SETTINGS

The current research was carried out to check the relationship of adjustment problems of university students who are living in hostel setting. Furthermore, the study also highlighted its relationship on their quality of life. For that purpose, a sample of (N=140) students was collected by using convenience sampling technique. The overall study was quantitative in nature and a cross-sectional research design was used to carry out the study. The variables under study were quantified or assessed by using two scales. The adjustment problems of university hostel students were assessed by using College Adjustment Test (1990) developed by Pennebaker and Quality of Life was measured by using World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL). Both of measures were valid and reliable. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. The results of the study revealed that overall adjustment levels were higher in male students as compared to female students. Similarly, the quality of life was disturbed in female hostel students. Conclusively, the results revealed that adjustment problems are correlated with quality of life. On the basis of results, it was revealed that females are more vulnerable and prone to adjustment issues in transitional challenges and have lower quality of life. Moreover, hostel life also imposed many responsibilities on student’s lives therefore the study suggested to address the factors associated with poor adjustment and low quality of life among students in order to improve their overall adjustment in hostel settings. Keywords: Adjustment Problems, Hostel Settings, Quality of Life.

An Analysis of Intrusive Morbid Imagery in Rorschach Responses

Abstract: First responders are generally a high-risk group, repeatedly exposed to traumatic and distressing scenes and events on their daily duties. Identification of detailed features and recurring patterns of intrusive visual imagery for first responders with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can uncover the psychological difficulties, defenses, and further adjustment issues of occupational groups exposed to repetitive trauma. To this end, 20 Rorschach protocols for Korean first responders with PTSD symptoms were collected and analyzed. The analysis of the Rorschach records was twofold. First, the structural features of the Rorschach responses, including R and the Trauma Content Index, were examined quantitatively. Second, the detailed features of the morbid content, such as thematic classification, trauma memory responses, and emotional reactions, were qualitatively reviewed. Both analyses identified a biphasic pattern between constricted and flooded responses, showing the participants’ unsuccessful endeavors to defend against intrusive trauma-related imagery, which resulted in significant disorganization in thought and affect.

A Study on the Language-Related Adjustment Problems of Pupil-Teachers

Adjustment is an age-old concept that helps in maintaining wellbeing of the individual and the society. Pre-service teacher education prepares students towards making a competent individual that can effectively manage the society, hence the pre-service teachers must be a well-adjusted individual. Language often plays a key role in determining the adjustment pattern of any individual. The present study made an attempt to explore the adjustment problems of pupil-teachers with specific focus on the local and official language related issues. The objectives included identification of language-related adjustment levels of pupil-teachers and the difference of adjustment level on the basis of certain demographic variables like gender, locality, area, and age group. The sample of this descriptive survey study comprised of 165 pupil-teachers of Western Odisha region selected through simple random sampling. The data was collected using a self-standardized tool named LBAS (Language Barrier and Adjustment Scale). The findings revealed that there was a significant level of adjustment issues among the pupil-teachers. However, there were no significant differences amongst the pupil-teachers on the basis of gender, locality, area, and age group.

Two pathways to Mexico: Forced deportation or voluntary return of parents and US citizen children.

Hundreds of thousands of undocumented Mexican immigrants were deported from the United States or returned to Mexico voluntarily in the past two decades, taking with them their US-born citizen children (USCC). A family's relocation-forced deportation or voluntary return-and the subsequent settlement and adjustment to Mexico affect everyone's well-being. We interviewed 18 USCC whose parents were forcibly deported and 18 whose parents returned voluntarily about their circumstances, experiences, and perceptions. Four categories of relocation and adjustment issues emerged. USCC with deported parents felt the sudden and harsh arrest, detention, deportation, and separation from parents, and family reunification after deportation. Those in the voluntary-return group told of concerns about the planned separation and relocation to Mexico. Both groups experienced issues of family reintegration and adjustment to a new environment. While relocation prompted similarities and differences in families' settlement, issues unique to families played a part in children's adjustment. Clinicians in both the United States and Mexico must take into consideration the nature of the relocation, families' distinctive reactions, and the individual child's experience as some USCC will remain in Mexico and others will return to the US Mexican clinicians will encounter USCC still settling and adjusting to Mexico, and USCC who decide to remain permanently in Mexico. US clinicians may encounter USCC facing the challenges of re-entering American society, joining educational institutions, and becoming part of the labor force. USCC forming families may feel the impact of their pasts in parenting dynamics.

Contemporary Issues Confronting International Carbon Markets: Critical Reviews

This paper conducts critical reviews of the contemporary issues confronting the emission trading systems as international carbon markets. The reviews focus on Border Carbon adjustment (BCA) or Caborn Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Issues, social-political issues, and Legal or environmental jurisdictional overlap issues. Although the implementation of ETS markets is on the rise, there are contemporary issues that remain to be resolved. Carbon leakage and loss of competitiveness are the major reasons advanced for proposing BCAs/CBAMs as carbon leakage and competitive loss mitigation strategies. However, the BCAs/CBAMs have been criticized on several fronts. Firstly, the BCAs are perceived and criticized as covert ‘green’ protectionist measures. Secondly, critics argue that BCAs/CBAMs implementations will violate international trade laws and international climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement. Thirdly, with regards to the environmental jurisdictional authority, the reviews found that the over-centralization of environmental regulation and the lack of streamlining the environmental jurisdictional laws are the drivers of environmental jurisdictional authority disputes in the existing ETS jurisdictions. Fourthly, in terms of socio-political issues, critics argue that the theory underpinning the implementation of the BCAs/CBAMs as a way of combatting carbon leakage and loss of competitiveness is false or dubious because empirical literature on carbon leakage strongly suggests that firms make relocation decisions based on many factors of which environmental regulation is not the major factor. The literature recommends that the ideal approach to global climate change action is a mutual agreement on best practices in implementing BCAs, including climate clubs, that are not only environmentally effective but also more equitable and less disruptive of trade.

One year into online classes, a comparison with conventional classroom teaching – A survey in North Kerala

Background: In the early 2020, COVID was declared as a pandemic and then on all the educational institutions were forced to close down for regular classes. Almost all the previous studies were done comparing different groups of students or different academic year. However, our study was done on the same set of students and in the same academic year itself with the same teaching faculty, where students underwent 8 months of online classes followed by 2 months of classroom teaching. Aims and Objectives: This study was done to know the effectiveness of e-classes in comparison to conventional classroom teaching among professional students in north Kerala in terms of gaining knowledge, balance between the practical and theoretical experiences, and availability of e-resources. Materials and Methods: One thousand medical college students from three different medical colleges in north Kerala voluntarily participated in the study which was on an online questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire was self-made and based on Likert five point scale. Results: The study included both boys and girls. In most of the fields such as effective communication, interaction, effective teaching methodology, and understanding the topic and providing feedback, students found classroom learning much better than online learning only advantage of online learning that they found was the convenience as it could be taken from home without having to travel and without facing the hostel-related adjustment issues. Conclusion: To make online methods more acceptable, we will have to bring in various changes and modifications in our way of teaching. More animations and smaller groups may be needed. Individual attention will be possible with smaller groups per class and feedbacks can be taken with ease. With these changes in teaching methods, online mode can be made more effective in reaching to students and making it acceptable by them.

Unpacking the linkages between single parent households and early adolescent adjustment

Living with an unmarried mother is consistently associated with adjustment issues in adolescence, but these associations can vary by both time and place. Following life course theory, this study applied inverse probability of treatment weighting techniques to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) Children and Young Adults study (n = 5,597) to estimate various treatment effects of family structures through childhood and early adolescence on internalizing and externalizing dimensions of adjustment at age 14. Young people who lived with an unmarried (single or cohabiting) mother during early childhood and adolescence were more likely to drink and reported more depressive symptoms by age 14 than those with a married mother, with particularly strong associations between living with an unmarried mother during early adolescence and drinking. These associations, however, varied according to sociodemographic selection into family structures. They were strongest for youth who more closely resembled the average adolescent living with a married mother.

Total Wellness of Turkish International Students: Perceptions and Inherent Growth Tendencies

Research on the international students mostly focuses on adjustment and acculturation issues rather than building and maintaining wellness of specific cultural groups of international students. This study used basic psychological needs involved in self-determination theory to investigate the relationship between autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs, self-determined way of functioning, and wellness of Turkish international students in the U.S. Data was collected before Covid-19 pandemic using a self-administered survey from 179 (71 females) Turkish international students with a mean age of 29.7 years. The results indicated that the perceived total wellness of Turkish international students was slightly low. The results of regression analyses revealed that autonomy, competence, and relatedness are positive and significant predictors of Turkish international students’ wellness. Furthermore, Turkish international students with a greater self-determined way of functioning report higher level of wellness. We recommend culture specific implications and further research to maintain international students’ wellness in their sojourn.

Proactive coping and social-emotional adjustment among students with and without learning disabilities in Kerala, India.

The current study compared the level of proactive coping and social-emotional adjustment of students with and without learning disabilities. In addition to the relationship, influence of proactive coping on social-emotional adjustment of students with and without learning disabilities was also explored. Using a multistage random sampling method researcher selected students with and without learning disabilities in the age group of 15–17 years; each group consists of 150 participants from different high schools in Kerala. The instruments employed in this study were the Proactive Coping Inventory and the Adjustment Inventory for School Students-AISS. Correlation, t-test, and regression analysis were used to analyses the data. The students with learning disabilities have found to have lower levels of proactive coping and social emotional adjustment than those without learning disabilities. Further, a positive correlation between social emotional adjustment and proactive coping was also observed. The regression analysis has revealed that proactive coping of students with and without learning disabilities was significantly predicting their adjustment. As students with learning disabilities showing lower proactive coping skills, the study emphasizes the need to enhance proactive coping among students with learning disabilities. Improving proactive coping in both students with and without learning disabilities may help to mitigate social emotional adjustment issues.

Lived Experiences of Combat-Related Amputees: A Phenomenological Study

This phenomenological study examines the characteristics that contribute to the development of resiliency in veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) who experienced combat-related amputations. The project comprised recorded semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 10 OIF and OEF veteran male amputees. We transcribed the interviews and analyzed the resulting data yielding six emergent themes: grief, will to live and fight, amputation adjustment issues, social support as a protective factor, coping skills, and posttraumatic growth. This study’s results contribute to the body of knowledge on resiliency, which may improve therapeutic interventions to help veterans overcome traumatic events, such as combat-related amputation.

Understanding the effects of being separated from family on refugees in Australia: a qualitative study

ObjectiveTo understand the impact of family separation on refugees living in Australia. MethodThirteen participants with a refugee background and experiencing separation from family participated in a semi‐structured qualitative interview. Interviews were coded and a thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software. ResultsIdentified themes were organised under four domains. Domain 1 focused on the personal impact of family separation. Themes were the effects on mental health and functioning, driven by incessant worrying about the safety of family and the absence of key attachment figures, the specific effects of having missing family, alterations to self‐identity and family dynamics. Domain 2 focused on themes relating to actions taken to find missing family, connect or reunite with separated family. Domain 3 highlighted the coping strategies, support mechanisms and protective factors used by participants. Domain 4 identified core beliefs about the importance of family unity, focusing on security, settlement and a happy future. ConclusionsFamily separation has an enduring effect on the wellbeing of refugees, with key pathways being ongoing fear and insecurity, disrupted social attachments and identity shifts in relation to the future self. Implications for public healthRefugees separated from or missing family struggle with ongoing stress and adjustment issues.

SPOUSES’ COMPATIBILITY AND SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN A YOUNG ARMENIAN FAMILY

The article discusses the issue of spouse compatibility and social-psychological adjustment in young Armenian families, which, on the one hand, relies on positive feelings, emotionality, on the other hand, on the agreement of various demands (sexual, material, spiritual), including interests, opinions, views, on the value system established in the family. Aspects of psychological compatibility of couples are also presented. The discussion of the mentioned aspects reveals the supremacy of the compatibility of values ​​and their conformity in Armenian families, which ensures the mutual understanding and coexistence of young spouses. As a result of the conducted research, one of the main areas of joint life in Armenian families was revealed, that is the conformity of the value system of young spouses, which we presented in the form of a hierarchical system. The classification model of socio-psychological adjustment features of spouses in young Armenian families has also been developed. Hence, the analyzes and studies done on the issue determine the novelty of the article.

Children’s School Feelings and Adaptation During the Transition From Kindergarten to Primary School in China

ABSTRACT Research Findings: This study investigated children’s feelings about school and their adaptation to primary school after leaving kindergarten. Altogether, 28,334 Chinese children (ages 6–8 years) were sampled and surveyed online. The descriptive statistic, latent class analysis (LCA) approach, and logistic regression analysis indicated that: (1) children generally had positive feelings toward school, especially about teacher-student relationships. However, the self-perception of academic abilities was less positive; (2) children’s social adaptation had the highest scores, followed by life and physical adaptation, and then academic adaptation; (3) there were significant differences between children from only child and non-only child families both in school feelings and adaptation; (4) three latent classes of children’s school adaptation emerged: the Well-Adapted Children were girls, only children in eastern China; the Moderately-Adapted Children were boys, non-only children in central China; the Poorly-Adapted Children were boys, non-only children in western China; and (5) children’s school feelings significantly predicted their class membership for adaptation. Practice or Policy: These findings suggest that we need to focus more on children’s feelings and academic school adjustment issues. Targeted support is needed for children at risk of school adaptation to help them transition smoothly to primary school.

A statistical perspective on baseline adjustment in pharmacogenomic genome-wide association studies of quantitative change

In pharmacogenetic (PGx) studies, drug response phenotypes are often measured in the form of change in a quantitative trait before and after treatment. There is some debate in recent literature regarding baseline adjustment, or inclusion of pre-treatment or baseline value as a covariate, in PGx genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis. Here, we provide a clear statistical perspective on this baseline adjustment issue by running extensive simulations based on nine statistical models to evaluate the influence of baseline adjustment on type I error and power. We then apply these nine models to analyzing the change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with ezetimibe + simvastatin combination therapy compared with simvastatin monotherapy therapy in the 5661 participants of the IMPROVE-IT (IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytroin Efficacy International Trial) PGx GWAS, supporting the conclusions drawn from our simulations. Both simulations and GWAS analyses consistently show that baseline-unadjusted models inflate type I error for the variants associated with baseline value if the baseline value is also associated with change from baseline (e.g., when baseline value is a mediator between a variant and change from baseline), while baseline-adjusted models can control type I error in various scenarios. We thus recommend performing baseline-adjusted analyses in PGx GWASs of quantitative change.

Insights into Indian immigrant children’s and parents’ experiences of New Zealand early childhood education

Immigrant families face many cultural and adjustment issues, including children’s engagement in early childhood education (ECE). Through research-based interviews, nine Indian parents shared their perceptions of their children’s experiences in New Zealand ECE. They identified positive experiences and concerns related to curriculum, language development, teacher’s attitudes, children’s participation, and EC centre operational hours. They offered recommendations including parents inquiring about ECE philosophies and practices prior to admission, and early enrolment. They made recommendations for teachers around timely and meaningful interactions with immigrant children and families, developing active listening skills, communicating with parents around curriculum approaches and health and hygiene practices, understanding each child’s diverse cultural and social practices, and promoting multicultural environments and knowledge in ECE.

Creative adolescent experiences of education and mental health during COVID-19: A qualitative study.

This qualitative study investigated creative adolescent perceptions of their educational and mental health experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Participants were 25 English‐speaking adolescents from the Midwest in the United States. They were identified as creative by their teachers according to known creative profiles. Participants attended an all‐day creative career workshop in the Spring 2021 semester. The five focus groups guided by semi‐structured interviews conducted for this study occurred during the workshop. This study was phenomenological in nature with constructivist and transformative paradigms, and transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis by the first, second, and third authors. Creative adolescents' education during the pandemic was marked by classroom changes based on COVID‐19 policies, experiences of disconnection, disengagement, and disappointment, as well as feelings of empathy and appreciation for their educators. Creative adolescents experienced mental health challenges related to adjustment issues, powerlessness and hopelessness, and isolation. Implications of results are discussed.

THE ISSUES OF ONLINE MODE OF TEACHING IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE TEACHER EDUCATORS IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH

During the Covid crisis, the teaching community has undergone a sudden shift of teaching approaches from ofine to online. This sudden shift did not go well with most Teacher Educators of the Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh. With the rest of the teaching community of the higher education institute of India, they too had undergone suffering from many psychological disturbances and several adjustment issues, leading to not giving their best to their teaching task. The present study aims to nd out the Issues of Online Mode of Teaching in Covid 19 Pandemic with Special Reference to the Teacher Educators in Arunachal Pradesh; for this purpose, the researchers have selected all four teacher education institutes located at the Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh. The data was collected by conducting telephonic interviews with 36 teacher educators. Furthermore, the teacher educators were selected as per the convenience of the researchers.

HEALTH RELATED BEHAVIORAL CHANGES DURING COVID-19 MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

SARS-CoV-2 virus created a huge health impact due to isolation, quarantine, or lockdown. University students also affected with the closure of institute and switch in teaching methods. The objective of this study is to explore the health-related lifestyle changes among university students during the implementation of movement control order. Secondly, we aimed to convoke suggestions and recommendations to promote healthy living amidst university students. This study implemented qualitative method via using a semi-structured interview. Three focus group discussions were conducted consisting of 12 participants recruited from snowball sampling method. Utilizing verbatim transcription approach, an inductive thematic point was sketch for data analysis. Seven male and five female students with a mean age of 20 ± 1.3 years (range 19-23) were recruited into this study. Four themes identified from the interview. Physical health influence by administrative roles to physically inactive and less sport activity. Secondly, mental health concern towards mixed emotions, coping strategy, psychological adjustment, and mental health issues. Variation and self-prepare food, food supply, dietary habit and dietary pattern contribute to changes in food intake. Student lifestyles modulate to sleep hygiene, alcohol consumption, online classes problem, individual factors, and other unhealthy activities. Some students experience no difference in the surrounding transformation. During the pandemic, students experienced health related-behavioural changes involving physical health, mental health, dietary and lifestyle. Even though some informants perceived no changes in certain aspect, they still experience health-related behavioural changes in other aspect linked to health.

The Coming(?) Inflation and the Income Tax: Lessons from the Past, Lessons for the Future

The concerns about inflation as a result of the current financial crisis and the U.S. budget deficit challenge the social order, including taxation. Based on the historical U.S. experience and discourse on this issue, the article focuses on the relationships between adjusting the tax system for inflation and the general attitude towards adjustment for inflation in the social order. The article offers a new insight which is very different from the current research. The nominalism/adjustism culture that dominates the social order is placed at the center of the analysis. There is “equilibrium” between the scope of adjustment in the social order and in the tax regime. Advancing adjustment of the tax regime requires that it also be promoted in the general social order. This cultural paradigm plays a significant role in the tax response to inflation, including the scope and character of that adjustment regime. This approach erodes the literature’s conservative approach arguing that classical tax policy consideration like cost-benefit analysis is the most effective factor on the adjustment issue. The article argues that adopting an adjusted tax regime is largely dependent on the existence and extent of a general culture towards the concept of “money”: Is the prevailing culture one of nominalism or adjustism?This paradigm explains the reality in the U.S. in the past with regards to adjustment for inflation. The sophisticated American discourse on adjusting the income tax regime for inflation, which first took place in the late nineteen seventies and early nineteen eighties, was unproductive from the start, and was doomed to failure because the U.S. culture of adjustism was not sufficiently ripe for justifying or permitting a “legitimate” social decision on adjusting the tax regime. The lessons from the past are that advancing adjustment of the tax regime requires promoting adjustment of the general social order. Adjusting the income tax regime without adjusting the general social order would be, culturally, a tough mission and even impossible.

Social Work in the Oncology Setting Compared to Social Work in General Medical Settings: An Analysis of Findings From a Multisite Australian Social Work Practice Audit

ABSTRACT Oncology social work provides services to individuals, groups, families, caregivers, and communities. As part of a larger audit of social work activities across 17 Victorian health services, a subanalysis was conducted to investigate social work practice in oncology (n = 49) compared to general medicine settings (n = 55). Social workers in oncology were more likely to address issues of adjustment to the condition, anxiety, and finances. Social workers in general medicine more frequently focused on dementia, elder abuse, and transition of clients to Residential Assisted Care. Oncology social workers conducted higher frequencies of interventions involving advocacy, brief or single session intervention, and counselling compared to general medicine, where discharge planning was significantly more common. Finally, oncology social workers were more likely to have used a narrative or supportive care model compared to the general medicine group. These findings can help better target training and upskilling of social workers for practice in different healthcare settings. IMPLICATIONS Audits of practice assist to describe the complex array of issues addressed by social work both within oncology and the broader healthcare settings. Identifying key interventions and emphases pertaining to oncology provides a focus for future evaluation of the effectiveness of social work practice across key domains within oncology. Better understanding of practice can lay the groundwork for targeted training programs to enhance social worker knowledge and skills in oncology and broader healthcare.