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Adipose Tissue Research Articles

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116231 Articles

Published in last 50 years

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  • Obese Adipose Tissue
  • Obese Adipose Tissue
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Articles published on Adipose Tissue

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CGAS: Bridging Immunity and Metabolic Regulation.

Recent advances have revealed that cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS), classically recognized as a cytosolic DNA sensor, plays crucial roles beyond innate immunity. Particularly in the adipose tissue, cGAS functions as a metabolic sentinel, responding to mitochondrial stress and contributing to inflammation, insulin resistance, and energy imbalance. These effects occur through both stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent and STING-independent pathways, involving autophagy, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we propose a paradigm shift positioning cGAS at the intersection of immunity and metabolism. We explore its multifaceted roles in adipocytes and other metabolic tissues, highlighting emerging therapeutic opportunities and future research directions.

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  • Journal IconJournal of molecular cell biology
  • Publication Date IconJul 17, 2025
  • Author Icon Jing Wang + 1
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Dietary Fermentation with Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. Modulates Rumen Transcriptomic and Microbiota Profiles in Bos taurus

Animal feed made from fermented agricultural residues using Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. has received significant attention. However, interactions between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adipose, liver, and muscle tissues and bacteria or fungi in the rumen remain largely unknown. This study determined effects of normal diet feed (NF) and alternative diet feed made by Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. (AF) on gene expression in major metabolic organs and on microbial populations in the rumen of Bos-Taurus using high-throughput sequencing methods. Rumen bacteria/fungi interaction with DEGs in key metabolic organs was also investigated. According to our findings, 34, 36, and 28 genes were differentially expressed in adipose, liver, and muscle tissues, respectively. Most DEGs were associated with osteoclast differentiation and immune functions. Microbial dynamics analysis showed that the AF diet significantly (p < 0.05) increased Firmicutes but reduced Bacterioidetes abundances. At the genus level, Faecalicatena, Intestinimonas, Lachnoclostridium, Faecalicatena, and Intestinimonas were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in animals fed with the AF diet. Regarding fungal populations, Neocallimastigomycota accounted for 98.2% in the NF diet and 86.88% in the AF diet. AF feeding increased Orpinomyces and Piromyces but decreased Neocallimastix abundances. These findings highlight the potential of fermented feeds to improve metabolic responses and rumen microbial balance, contributing to enhanced animal performance.

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  • Journal IconInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • Publication Date IconJul 16, 2025
  • Author Icon Jeong Sung Jung + 4
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Adipose tissue-derived PRXL2A suppresses hepatic lipogenesis in a study with male mice.

Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is crucial for maintaining lipid homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in various metabolic diseases. While it is well established that hepatic DNL is tightly regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon secreted from the pancreatic islets during feeding and fasting, further investigations are required to identify more hormones affecting hepatic DNL during the feeding-fasting transition. Here, we identify PRXL2A (peroxiredoxin like 2 A), an adipokine secreted during fasting, as an inhibitor of hepatic DNL. Mechanistically, PRXL2A binds to its receptor PTAFR (platelet activating factor receptor), promoting calcium mobilization and activating AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), thereby suppressing SREBP1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1)-controlled hepatic DNL. Disruption of this axis by knockout of either Prxl2a or Ptafr increases hepatic DNL and lipid accumulation. Exogenous PRXL2A reduces hepatic DNL, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases associated with hepatic lipid accumulation. Therefore, the PRXL2A-PTAFR signaling axis links adipose tissues and the liver to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism.

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  • Journal IconNature communications
  • Publication Date IconJul 16, 2025
  • Author Icon Zhiyuan Li + 8
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Relationship of the tissue stiffness measured using shear wave elastography with the pain threshold and quality of life of patients with lipedema: A cross-sectional study.

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between disease severity in lipedema and tissue stiffness measured using shear wave elastography (SWE) concerning pain threshold and quality of life as well as determine differences in subcutaneous tissue stiffness between patients with lipedema and healthy subjects.Methods71 participants were subjected to measurements using subcutaneous tissue elastic modulus with SWE imaging of lower limbs at three anatomical levels. The participants were divided into two groups: those diagnosed with lipedema (Group (1) (n = 35) and healthy subjects (Group (2) (n = 36). Patients with lipedema were categorized into three stages based on disease severity. Pain levels were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), pain pressure threshold through algometric measurement within lipedema stages, and quality of life using EQ-5D quality of life scale in all groups.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in age, BMI, right and left three-zone elastic modulus averages were observed between the groups within BMI levels of 25-29.9 and ≥30kg/m2 (p > .05). Same BMI group, according to lipedema stage, the mean elastic modulus of the right pretibial region in stage 2 cases was significantly higher than in stage 1 cases within BMI levels of 25-29.9kg/m2 (p < .05). The all-region algometric measurements in Group 1 were significantly lower than those in Group 2, within BMI levels of 25-29.9kg/m2 and ≥30kg/m2. The average spontaneous VAS scores in Group 1 were significantly higher than those in Group 2 within the same BMI (p < .05). The VAS palpation scores in Group 1 exceeded those in Group 2 for BMI ≥30kg/m2 (p < .05). No significant difference in VAS palpation scores was observed for BMI 25-29.9kg/m2 (p > .05). The EQ-5D VAS scores of the control group were significantly lower than those of stage 1, 2, and 3 cases (p < .05).ConclusionsIn lipedema, pain characteristics may be more distinctive than the elastic properties of adipose tissue. Increased algometric measurements may reflect a specific objective sensation.

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  • Journal IconPhlebology
  • Publication Date IconJul 16, 2025
  • Author Icon Gulcan Ozturk + 8
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Myonectin and metabolic health: a systematic review

Myonectin is a myokine with a potential role in metabolic health. This is a bibliometric and bioinformatics-complemented systematic review aimed to comprehensively analyze the structure, regulation and effects of myonectin on metabolic outcomes relevant to the pathophysiology of chronic metabolic diseases. Fifty-three studies involving cellular, animal, and human models were included. Findings indicate that myonectin is induced by aerobic exercise, nutrients, epinephrin, hypoxia and curcumin but is downregulated by obesity and muscle dysfunction. Evidence suggests that myonectin regulates lipid uptake and distribution across tissues, reduces inflammation and apoptosis and modulates mitochondrial function likely through the activation of AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated signaling pathways. While most results arising from human studies of good quality are in agreement with animal and cellular data, controversy remains and we discuss challenges and perspectives in the field. In conclusion, myonectin has a diverse role in regulating metabolic health, but a key contribution pertains to lipid regulation, which likely leads to a healthy expansion and distribution of adipose tissue.

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  • Journal IconFrontiers in Endocrinology
  • Publication Date IconJul 16, 2025
  • Author Icon Jorge L Petro + 2
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Increased Adiposity Impairs Vascular Function in Postmenopausal Women in Hemodialysis.

This study examines the impact of increased body fat on vascular function in postmenopausal women and old men with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis. We included thirty-four postmenopausal CKD-women under hemodialysis (PMW-CKD-HDys) and thirty-one age-matched CKD men also under hemodialysis (M-CKD-HDys). We assessed blood pressure and endothelial function (EFn) through measurements of flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We also evaluated systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), body mass index (BMI), Fat Total Index (FTI), and Lean Total Index (LTI). A subgroup of CKD-HDys patients infected with COVID 19, were also evaluated on their endothelial function. Our findings indicate that SBP was significantly higher in M-CKD-HDys (149±2 mmHg) than in PMW-CKD-HDys (141±3 mmHg; p<0.05), whereas EFn was similar in both groups. We observed a negative correlation between endothelial function and FTI only in PMW-CKD-HDys, where an increased adipose tissue negative correlated with a reduced endothelial function. Interestingly, this endothelial function finding suggests a worse effect on PMM-CKD-HDys, considering that, in general, healthy women have better EFn than healthy men. Additionally, a subgroup of patients who contracted COVID-19 exhibited further deterioration in EFn. The results underscore the critical role of body fat in influencing vascular health in this high-risk population, indicating that interventions aimed at weight management could be pivotal in improving cardiovascular outcomes for postmenopausal CKD-women. These findings highlight the need for tailored therapeutic strategies to enhance endothelial function and overall cardiovascular health in CKD patients, particularly those postmenopausal women with increase adipose tissue undergoing hemodialysis.

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  • Journal IconAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology
  • Publication Date IconJul 16, 2025
  • Author Icon Juan C Santos + 9
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Positive selection on rare variants of IGF1R and BRD4 underlying the cold adaptation of wild boar.

Domestic piglets often die of hypothermia, whereas Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) thrives from tropical lowlands to subarctic forests. The thermoregulation of wild boar offers a natural experiment to uncover the genetic basis of cold adaptation. We conducted whole-genome resequencing on wild populations from cold regions (northern and northeastern Asia, with six samples) and warm regions (southeastern Asia and southern China, with five samples). By integrating publicly available data, we compiled a core dataset of 48 wild boar samples and an extended dataset of 445 wild boar and domestic pig samples to identify candidate genes related to cold adaptation. To investigate the functional effects of two candidate variants under positive selection, we performed CUT&Tag and RNA-seq using the northeastern Asian Min pig breed as a proxy for a cold-adapted population. Our study identified candidate genes associated with cold adaptation, which are significantly enriched in thermogenesis, fat cell development, and adipose tissue pathways. We discovered two enhancer variants under positive selection: an intronic variant of IGF1R (rs341219502) and an exonic variant of BRD4 (rs327139795). These variants exhibited the highest differentiation between populations of wild boar and domestic pigs in cold and warm region populations. Furthermore, these rare variants were absent in outgroup species and warm-region wild boars but were nearly fixed in cold-region populations. The H3K27ac CUT&Tag profiling revealed that the rs341219502 variant of IGF1R is linked to the gain of novel binding sites for three transcription factors involving regulatory changes in enhancer function. In contrast, the rs327139795 variant of BRD4 may result in the loss of a phosphorylation site due to an alteration in the amino acid sequence. Our study identified candidate genes for cold adaptation in wild boar. The variant rs341219502 in the IGF1R enhancer and the variant rs327139795 in the BRD4 exon, both of which were under positive selection and nearly fixed in populations from cold regions, suggest they may have originated de novo in these populations. Further analysis indicated that rs341219502 could influence enhancer function, while rs327139795 may affect amino acid alterations. Overall, our study highlights the adaptive evolution of genomic molecules that contribute to the remarkable environmental flexibility of wild boar.

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  • Journal IconGenetics, selection, evolution : GSE
  • Publication Date IconJul 16, 2025
  • Author Icon Jianhai Chen + 16
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Golden vision: The potential of yellow enhancement in laparoscopic abdominal surgeries and surgical education

Laparoscopic imaging has advanced significantly, with higher resolutions like 4K, and innovative light modes such as narrow band imaging and near-infrared imaging. Recently, yellow enhancement (YE) mode has emerged as a novel tool that enhances the pale-yellow colour of fat into a fluorescent yellow-green, improving contrast without the need for injected dyes. It can be toggled on and off easily during surgery. YE is still under evaluation, but early experience suggests it helps surgeons differentiate anatomical planes and key intra-abdominal structures from surrounding adipose tissue. This is particularly useful in: (1) Dissecting structures surrounded or covered by fat; and (2) operating on patients with obesity, where excess intra-abdominal fat limits visualisation and retraction. By enhancing the visibility of vascular pedicles, ureters, and nerves, YE enables more precise dissections and may reduce the risk of accidental injury. It can also assist less experienced surgeons in identifying important structures, potentially improving efficiency and surgical outcomes. As a training tool, YE may shorten the learning curve, though further study is needed. Overall, YE offers potential benefits in fat-dense surgical fields by improving visualisation, reducing complications, and enhancing patient safety.

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  • Journal IconWorld Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
  • Publication Date IconJul 16, 2025
  • Author Icon Harpreet Singh + 1
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Oxidative balance score predicts chronic kidney disease risk in overweight adults: a NHANES-based machine learning study

BackgroundOxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in overweight and obese populations where adipose tissue dysfunction exacerbates systemic inflammation and metabolic derangements. The oxidative balance score (OBS) is a composite index that integrates dietary antioxidants and pro-oxidant exposures, offering a quantifiable surrogate of oxidative burden. However, its utility in CKD prediction among overweight adults remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed data from 28,377 overweight or obese participants in ten NHANES cycles (1999–2018). OBS was calculated based on 16 dietary components and 4 lifestyle factors. CKD was defined using KDIGO guidelines. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between OBS and CKD, with multivariable adjustment. Restricted cubic spline regression examined dose–response patterns, and subgroup analyses evaluated effect modifiers. Additionally, 14 machine learning algorithms were trained and validated using SMOTE-balanced data and five-fold cross-validation. Model interpretability was enhanced through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis.ResultsA higher OBS was inversely associated with CKD risk (fully adjusted OR per unit increase, 0.975; 95% CI, 0.969–0.981; p &amp;lt; 0.0001), with a significant linear dose–response relationship. This protective association was attenuated in morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2; Pinteraction &amp;lt; 0.001), a finding driven by the abrogation of the dietary score’s effect, while the lifestyle score remained protective in this subgroup. Among 14 machine learning models, GLMBoost was the top performer, achieving an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.833 on the independent test set. SHAP analysis identified age, LDL-C, and SBP as primary predictors, but also revealed the significant protective contributions of OBS components—most notably physical activity and magnesium—and showed that age critically modifies the effects of both clinical and lifestyle factors.ConclusionHigher OBS was associated with lower CKD risk in overweight and obese adults. This may support the role of oxidative balance in kidney health and its potential for early prevention strategies.

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  • Journal IconFrontiers in Nutrition
  • Publication Date IconJul 16, 2025
  • Author Icon Leying Zhao + 6
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Expression Patterns of SIRT1, SIRT3, and TFAM in Adipose Tissue: Associations with Adiposity Indices and Insulin Resistance in Women

Objectives: Obesity is linked to metabolic dysfunction, with mitochondrial regulators such as SIRT1, SIRT3, and TFAM playing key roles in adipose tissue health. This study examined the expression of these genes in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues of obese and normal-weight women, and their associations with adiposity indices and insulin resistance. Methods: Forty-six women (22 obese, 24 normal-weight) were enrolled. Anthropometric, metabolic, and biochemical parameters were measured. mRNA levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and TFAM were assessed in adipose tissue samples using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Obese women had significantly higher adiposity indices and insulin resistance markers. SIRT1 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and SIRT3 expression in visceral adipose tissue were lower in obese women compared to controls. SIRT1 and SIRT3 transcript levels showed significant inverse correlations with several adiposity indices and insulin resistance measures. TFAM expression did not differ significantly between groups but was inversely associated with metabolic risk factors in visceral fat. Conclusion: Reduced SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression in adipose tissue is associated with greater adiposity and insulin resistance in obese women, suggesting a potential role for these genes in obesity-related metabolic disturbances.

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  • Journal IconActa Biochimica Iranica
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Samaneh Mohassel Azadi + 3
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S100A8/S100A9 impairs energy expenditure and whole body metabolism.

Thermogenic adipose tissue, specialized in dissipating chemical energy as heat, represents a promising therapeutic target for combating obesity and type 2 diabetes. S100A8/S100A9 is an inflammatory alarmin and biomarker implicated in various diseases, including obesity. Here, we investigated the role of S100A8/S100A9 in thermogenesis and whole-body energy homeostasis. Wild-type (WT) and S100A8/S100A9-deficient (S100a9⁻/⁻) mice were subjected to a 14-week high-fat diet (HFD). Thermogenic responses were assessed through cold exposure and administration of the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316,423, with additional experiments involving exogenous S100A8/S100A9 administration in WT mice. Under normal chow, S100a9⁻/⁻ mice exhibited a leaner phenotype compared to WT controls. Following HFD-induced obesity, S100a9⁻/⁻ mice displayed reduced weight gain, improved insulin sensitivity, increased lipid storage in epididymal adipose tissue, and attenuated hepatic steatosis. Physiological studies using metabolic cages revealed higher oxygen consumption and heat production in lean S100a9-/- mice following chronic CL-316,423 treatment. In line, S100a9-/- mice exhibited increased beiging in inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT), but not in brown adipose tissue (BAT), under cold exposure as well as acute and chronic CL-316,423. Conversely, exogenous S100A8/S100A9 administration under both cold challenge and chronic CL-316,423 suppressed thermogenic gene expression in ingWAT, with no significant effect in BAT. In vitro, stimulation of immortalized beige adipocytes with S100A9 led to downregulation of beige adipocyte marker genes. Collectively, these findings identify S100A8/S100A9 as a negative regulator of ingWAT beiging and energy expenditure, thereby contributing to impaired metabolic homeostasis and exacerbation of diet-induced obesity.

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  • Journal IconAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Anat Neumann + 14
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The role of body composition in the development of diabetes mellitus among childhood cancer survivors, and novel intervention strategies to mitigate diabetes risk.

The growing population of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) experiences a large burden of comorbidities, including a markedly increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Among CCSs, prediabetes and diabetes are important risk factors for subsequent cardiovascular disease, which is a leading cause of premature death in this patient population. The mechanisms underlying their development are multifactorial, and may differ from those in the general population. Emerging evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that treatment-related alterations in body composition, specifically sarcopenic obesity, the aging-related loss of skeletal muscle mass with a simultaneous increase in adipose tissue mass, are a key contributory factor. Both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are important endocrine organs involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis, with tissue crosstalk that can be disrupted by chemotherapy and radiation exposures. CCSs are particularly vulnerable to these effects as a result of receipt of cancer treatment during key periods of physiologic development, when organs are still maturing and there is peak muscle growth. Lifestyle modifications, which are a first-line intervention to improve muscle health and mitigate diabetes risk, have historically been difficult to implement long term. This review summarizes the current understanding of the impact of cancer and its treatment on muscle and adipose tissue by identifying important knowledge gaps and drawing on translational insights from preclinical models. Furthermore, it highlights opportunities to leverage contemporary digital care platforms to improve the early detection of diabetes and facilitate meaningful, sustainable lifestyle interventions to improve muscle health and decrease diabetes risk in the growing, at-risk population of CCSs.

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  • Journal IconCancer
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Rusha Bhandari + 2
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A Scoping Review of Sarcoglycan Expression in Non-Muscle Organs: Beyond Muscles

This scoping review explores the expression patterns and molecular features of sarcoglycans (SGs) in non-muscle organs, challenging the long-standing assumption that their function is confined to skeletal and cardiac muscle. By analyzing evidence from both animal models and human studies, the review highlights the widespread presence of SG subunits in organs, including the nervous system, glands, adipose tissue, oral mucosa, retina, and other structures, with distinct regional and cell-type-specific patterns. Studies on the central nervous system demonstrate a widespread “spot-like” distribution of SG subunits in neurons and glial cells, implicating their involvement in synaptic organization and neurotransmission. Similarly, SGs maintain cellular integrity and homeostasis in glands and adipose tissue. At the same time, the altered expression of SGs is associated with pathological conditions in the gingival epithelium of the oral mucosa. These findings underscore the multifaceted roles of SGs beyond muscle, suggesting that they may contribute to cellular signaling, membrane stability, and neurovascular coupling. However, significant gaps remain regarding SG post-translational modifications and functional implications in non-muscle organs. Future research integrating molecular, cellular, and functional approaches in animal models and human tissues is essential to fully elucidate these roles and explore their potential as therapeutic targets in various diseases.

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  • Journal IconBiomolecules
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Fabiana Nicita + 7
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Extra-renal role of urate transporter-1 in diabetes

The rising global incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperuricemia presents a growing challenge to public health systems worldwide. Urate transporter-1 (URAT1), a key renal urate transporter, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for managing DM and its associated complications. Growing evidence suggests that URAT1’s role in metabolic disorders extends beyond its function in the kidney. Specifically, URAT1 can influence uric acid metabolism in multiple tissues including neural, hepatic, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac, and adipose tissue, thereby contributing to insulin resistance, inflammation, and end-organ damage. In this review, we comprehensively examine the extra-renal functions of URAT1, focusing on its roles in the hematopoietic system, heart, liver, adipose tissue, and vascular endothelium in the context of DM. This analysis highlights the multi-organ mechanisms through which URAT1 exerts its effects, offering valuable insights into its potential as a therapeutic target for this complex systemic metabolic disorder.

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  • Journal IconWorld Journal of Diabetes
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Tian-Shu Yang + 4
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The GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Dulaglutide Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in Obesity via a Weight-Independent Mechanism

Recent clinical trials testing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) demonstrated improved outcomes in obesity-associated complications, including cardiovascular events and hepatic steatosis. Despite their positive effects, whether the benefits of GLP-1 RAs are due to weight loss or are a direct therapeutic effect remains unclear. Therefore, we pair fed middle-aged low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr−/−) mice a western high-fat diet to model complex atherosclerosis and metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and then administered dulaglutide or placebo twice a week for 6 weeks. Older compared with younger Ldlr−/− mice develop accelerated atherosclerosis resembling human lesions, and advanced MAFLD. Dulaglutide improved glucose tolerance and MAFLD independent of weight but had no effects on insulin sensitivity or atherosclerosis compared with weight-matched placebo-treated mice. The diminished hepatic steatosis was attributed to both decreased de novo lipogenesis and reduced adipose tissue lipolysis. These changes were associated with amelioration of inflammation and oxidative stress with a marked attenuation in M1-like macrophages in the liver. Therefore, dulaglutide has therapeutic effects on the liver that may further synergize with GLP-1 RA–mediated weight loss to reduce hepatic steatosis and inflammation, a major complication of obesity. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are promising therapies in treating various obesity-associated diseases; however, the mechanisms are convoluted with the benefits of weight loss. Dulaglutide has weight-independent therapeutic effects on the liver, reducing hepatic steatosis and improving liver function. Dulaglutide reduces de novo lipogenesis, lipid droplet stability, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the liver and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Weight loss may play an important role in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists’ effect on decreasing coronary vascular disease risk.

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  • Journal IconDiabetes
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Dharti Shantaram + 13
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Osteocytes function as biomechanical signaling hubs bridging mechanical stress sensing and systemic adaptation

Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells embedded within mineralized matrix, are pivotal regulators of skeletal and systemic homeostasis. Recent advances highlight their mechanotransductive roles via mechanosensors, enabling detection of mechanical stimuli and conversion into biochemical signals to orchestrate bone remodeling. Beyond bone, osteokines derived from osteocytes engage themselves in bidirectional crosstalk with distant organs or tissues—modulating brain, liver, kidney, muscle, adipose tissue, nerve, blood vessel, and cancer. Hormonal and metabolic effects further integrate osteocyte activity into systemic regulation, while pathologies like diabetes or mechanical unloading disrupt their viability and signaling. Emerging evidence positions osteocytes as central hubs in interorgan networks, with neuron-like morphology enhancing their mechanosensing and communicative capacity. Understanding osteocyte-centric regulatory axes offers novel insights into bone-related diseases and systemic homeostasis.

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  • Journal IconFrontiers in Physiology
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Ma Yuze + 5
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A combined in vitro, in vivo and in silico approach for the discovery of bioactive molecules from Corchorus olitorius L as pancreatic lipase inhibitors, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-α.

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects of bioactive compounds derived from Corchorus olitorius L., using a combined in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approach. The in vitro phase involved polyphenol extraction and antioxidant activity assays. The in vivo phase used a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model in Wistar rats divided into four groups: standard diet (STD), high-fat diet (HFD), STD with C. olitorius extract (STD + C. olitorius), and HFD with C. olitorius extract (HFD + C. olitorius). Rats received a daily oral administration of C. olitorius extract (100mg/kg) throughout a 9-week treatment period. Plasma biochemical parameters and adipose tissue histology were assessed. The in silico phase involved molecular docking of previously identified and synthesized C. olitorius compounds against obesity- and inflammation-related targets (TNF-α, IL-6, PL), followed by ADMET predictions and analog design via bioisosteric replacement. C. olitorius treatment reduced body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, and lipid parameters in HFD-fed rats. Histological analysis showed decreased fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in adipose tissue, supporting its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Molecular docking revealed that key compounds-particularly L7 (methyl-1,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and L2 (3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)-demonstrated strong binding affinities to proinflammatory cytokines and pancreatic lipase. Analog compounds designed via bioisosteric modification retained favorable biological activity. ADME analysis indicated that the principal compounds possess favorable oral absorption properties and align with drug-likeness criteria. Compared to orlistat, these natural compounds offer a safer profile with reduced toxicity risks. This study highlights the multi-target therapeutic potential of C. olitorius derived compounds-particularly L7 and its analogs-as promising candidates for natural anti-obesity drug development. To fully establish their therapeutic value, comprehensive preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to evaluate both efficacy and safety. Nonetheless, the current study is limited by the need for mechanistic validation and long-term toxicity assessments.

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  • Journal IconJournal of molecular histology
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Fatima Zohra Djeziri + 5
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Potential utility of salivary gland amyloid uptake as a surrogate marker for adipose tissue and amyloid-beta dynamics based on its association with BMI and cerebral amyloid burden

Potential utility of salivary gland amyloid uptake as a surrogate marker for adipose tissue and amyloid-beta dynamics based on its association with BMI and cerebral amyloid burden

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  • Journal IconScientific Reports
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Kyu Ri Kim + 3
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Poincare guided geometric UNet for left atrial epicardial adipose tissue segmentation in Dixon MRI images

Abstract Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Accurate automatic segmentation of the EAT around the Left Atrium (LA) from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data remains challenging. While Convolutional Neural Networks excel at multi-scale feature extraction using stacked convolutions, they struggle to capture long-range self-similarity and hierarchical relationships, which are essential in medical image segmentation. In this study, we present and validate PoinUNet, a deep learning model that integrates a Poincaré embedding layer into a 3D UNet to enhance LA wall and fat segmentation from Dixon MRI data. By using hyperbolic space learning, PoinUNet captures complex LA and EAT relationships and addresses class imbalance and fat geometry challenges using a new loss function. Sixty-six participants, including forty-eight AF patients, were scanned at 1.5T. The first network identified fat regions, while the second utilized Poincaré embeddings and convolutional layers for precise segmentation, enhanced by fat fraction maps. PoinUNet achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.87 and a Hausdorff distance of 9.42 on the test set. This performance surpasses state-of-the-art methods, providing accurate quantification of the LA wall and LA EAT.

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  • Journal IconScientific Reports
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon Marjan Firouznia + 3
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Acute neurologic presentation of a 2‐year‐old standardbred colt with multicentric diffuse large B cell lymphoma

SummaryLymphoma in horses is uncommon and rarely diagnosed as a cause of ataxia. This case report describes a 2‐year‐old Standardbred cryptorchid colt who presented with acute onset of grade 3–4/5 spinal ataxia in all four limbs, with the hindlimbs more severely affected than forelimbs and severe proprioceptive deficits. Due to the severity of the ataxia, a full neurologic examination could not be completed, and the colt was humanely euthanised. Post‐mortem examination revealed multiple osteochondritis dissecans lesions in the cervical and lumbar spine. Initially, this was thought to be the cause of the ataxia; however, histopathology revealed multifocal areas where the spinal nerve roots and epidural surface of the dura mater of the meninges were surrounded or covered by plaques of neoplastic round cells which infiltrated the adipose tissue surrounding the spinal tissues. Atypical round cells similar to those observed in the spinal meningeal tissues were also found in the kidneys, lungs, liver, testes and one lymph node. Immunohistochemical staining of meningeal tissue samples revealed moderate‐to‐intense cytoplasmic/membranous immunoreactivity for CD20 and a diagnosis of multicentric diffuse large B cell lymphoma was made. These results indicate that lymphoma should be included as a differential diagnosis for a horse presenting with acute ataxia that does not have evidence of spinal cord compression, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, equine herpesvirus‐1 myeloencephalopathy, equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy, equine motor neuron disease, trauma or other more common sources of ataxia.

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  • Journal IconEquine Veterinary Education
  • Publication Date IconJul 15, 2025
  • Author Icon K Macmillan + 3
Just Published Icon Just Published
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