Detection Of Adenosine Triphosphate Research Articles

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Adenosine Triphosphate-Guided Imaging in Cancer and Fatty Liver Mice.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as an indispensable biomolecule, is the main energy source of cells and is used as a marker for diseases such as cancer and fatty liver. It is of great significance to design a near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe with excellent performance and apply it to various disease models. Here, a near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe (ZIF-90@SiR) based on a zeolitic imidazole framework is proposed. The fluorescent nanoprobes are synthesized by encapsulating the dye (SiR) into the framework of ZIF-90. Upon the addition of ATP, the structure of the ZIF-90@SiR nanoprobe is disrupted and SiR is released to generate near-infrared fluorescence at 670 nm. In the process of ATP detection, ZIF-90@SiR shows high sensitivity and good selectivity. Moreover, the ZIF-90@SiR nanoprobe has good biocompatibility due to its low toxicity to cells. It is used for fluorescence imaging of ATP in living cells and thus distinguishing normal cells and cancer cells, as well as distinguishing fatty liver cells. Due to excellent near-infrared fluorescence properties, the ZIF-90@SiR nanoprobe can not only distinguish normal mice and tumor mice but also differentiate normal mice and fatty liver mice for the first time.

Circular RNA_HIPK3-Targeting miR-93-5p Regulates KLF9 Expression Level to Control Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome caused by various reasons that results in the rapid decline of renal function in a short period of time. Severe AKI can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Circular RNA HIPK3 (circHIPK3) derived from the HIPK3 gene is involved in multiple inflammatory processes. The present research was performed to explore the function of circHIPK3 on AKI. The AKI model was established by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in C57BL/6 mice or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in HK-2 cells. The function and mechanism of circHIPK3 on AKI were explored via biochemical index measurement; hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT); flow cytometry; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); western blot; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP); and luciferase reporter assays. circHIPK3 was upregulated in kidney tissues of I/R-induced mice and in H/R-treated HK-2 cells, while the microRNA- (miR-) 93-5p level was decreased in H/R-stimulated HK-2 cells. Furthermore, circHIPK3 silencing or miR-93-5p overexpression could reduce the level of proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress and recover the cell viability in H/R-stimulated HK-2 cells. Meanwhile, the luciferase assay showed that Krüppel-like transcription factor 9 (KLF9) was the downstream target of miR-93-5p. Forced expression of KLF9 blocked the function of miR-93-5p on H/R-treated HK-2 cells. Knockdown of circHIPK3 improved the renal function and reduced the apoptosis level in vivo. In conclusion, circHIPK3 knockdown alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis and inhibited inflammation in AKI via miR-93-5p-mediated downregulation of the KLF9 signal pathway.

A dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on copper nanoclusters encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 for rapid detection and imaging of adenosine triphosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier for intracellular metabolic processes. Accurate and rapid detection of ATP has important implications for clinical diagnosis. In this work, we reported a dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent probe Cu NCs-Al@ZIF-90 formed by encapsulating copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) using a simple one-pot method. Cu NCs exhibited a remarkable fluorescence enhancement in the presence of aluminum ions due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. When ATP existed, the Zn2+ nodes in the MOF material acted as selective sites for ATP recognition, resulting in the cleavage of Cu NCs-Al@ZIF-90. As a consequence, two reverse fluorescence changes were observed from released Cu NCs at 620 nm and imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (2-ICA) at 450 nm, respectively. With the dual-emission ratiometric strategy, efficient and rapid determination of ATP was realized, giving a detection limit down to 0.034 mM in the concentration range of 0.2 mM to 0.625 mM. The convenient synthesis process and the rapid ATP-responsive ability made the proposed Cu NCs-Al@ZIF-90 probe highly promising in clinical and environmental analysis.

Dihydroartemisinin inhibits plasmid transfer in drug-resistant Escherichia coli via limiting energy supply.

Conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by plasmids is an important route for ARG dissemination. An increasing number of antibiotic and nonantibiotic compounds have been reported to aid the spread of ARGs, highlighting potential challenges for controlling this type of horizontal transfer. Development of conjugation inhibitors that block or delay the transfer of ARG-bearing plasmids is a promising strategy to control the propagation of antibiotic resistance. Although such inhibitors are rare, they typically exhibit relatively high toxicity and low efficacy in vivo and their mechanisms of action are inadequately understood. Here, we studied the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an artemisinin derivative used to treat malaria, on conjugation. DHA inhibited the conjugation of the IncI2 and IncX4 plasmids carrying the mobile colistin resistance gene ( mcr-1) by more than 160-fold in vitro in Escherichia coli, and more than two-fold (IncI2 plasmid) in vivo in a mouse model. It also suppressed the transfer of the IncX3 plasmid carrying the carbapenem resistance gene bla NDM-5 by more than two-fold in vitro. Detection of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and proton motive force (PMF), in combination with transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, revealed that DHA impaired the function of the electron transport chain (ETC) by inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway, thereby disrupting PMF and limiting the availability of intracellular ATP for plasmid conjugative transfer. Furthermore, expression levels of genes related to conjugation and pilus generation were significantly down-regulated during DHA exposure, indicating that the transfer apparatus for conjugation may be inhibited. Our findings provide new insights into the control of antibiotic resistance and the potential use of DHA.

Cu2+-mediated turn-on fluorescence biosensor based on DNA-templated silver nanoclusters for label-free and sensitive detection of adenosine triphosphate

ACu2+-mediated turn-on fluorescence biosensor based on the DNA-templated green-emitting silver nanoclusters (DNA@g-AgNCs) was developed for label-free and sensitive detection of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Cu2+ was able to quench the bright green fluorescence of DNA@g-AgNCs because of the coordination and photoinduced electron transfer between DNA@g-AgNCs and Cu2+. Therefore, a unique and effective fluorescence biosensor can be constructed with the formation of DNA@g-AgNCs/Cu2+/ATP ternary-competition system. With the introduction of ATP, theDNA@g-AgNCs/Cu2+ fluorescence sensing system will be disrupted and the fluorescence of DNA@g-AgNCs was recovered due to higher affinity of ATP towards Cu2+. On the basis of this feature, the DNA@g-AgNCs/Cu2+ fluorescence sensing system demonstrated quantitative determinationof ATP in the range 0.05- 3μM and adetection limit of16nM. Moreover, the fluorescence sensing system was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of ATP in human urine and serum samples with recoveries ranging from 98.6 to 106.5%, showing great promise to provide a label-free, cost-efficient, and rapid platform for ATP-related clinical disease diagnosis.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 encapsulating gold nanoclusters and carbon dots for ratiometric fluorescent detection of adenosine triphosphate and cellular imaging

A novel nanoprobe was prepared by encapsulating carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) for sensitive detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Under excitation at 360 nm, the obtained CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 nanoprobe exhibits dual-emissions at 469 nm and 660 nm, respectively, corresponding to the fluorescence emission of CDs and the aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) of AuNCs. The framework of ZIF-8 in this probe can be degraded by ATP due to the coordination competition of ATP and 2-Methylimidazole towards zinc ion (Zn2+), resulting in the release of CDs and AuNCs. The following dispersion of CDs would improve efficiencies of the fluorescence excitation and the consequent emission of CDs. On the contrary, the AIEE of AuNCs would be decreased spontaneously after the AuNCs originally restricted in ZIF-8 were allowed to escape. The intensity ratio of fluorescence at 469 nm to that at 660 nm (I469/I660) was conveniently employed as the response signal for representing the amount of ATP. This nanoprobe exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity toward ATP, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.061 μM. Besides, low cytotoxicity of this nanoprobe facilitates its application as a fluorescent indicator in fluorescence imaging of living cells. Encapsulating two types of fluorescent nanomaterials by a degradable ZIF-8 structure makes the ratiometric fluorescence response of the nanocomposite probe towards the target analyte that destroys the ZIF-8 structure possible, and simplifies the application of the probe.

Ratiometric fluorescence and visual sensing of ATP based on gold nanocluster-encapsulated metal-organic framework with a smartphone

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in various biological processes and the ATP level is closely associated with many diseases. Herein, we designed a novel dual-emissive fluorescence nanoplatform for ATP sensing based on red emissive europium metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF) and blue emissive gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). The presence of ATP causes the decomposition of Eu-MOF owing to strong affinity of Eu3+ with ATP. As a result, the red emission of Eu-MOF decreases while the blue emission of AuNCs remains unchanged. The distinct red/blue emission intensity change enables the establishment of a ratiometric fluorescent and visual sensor of ATP. Moreover, a fluorescent paper-based sensor was fabricated with the ratiometric ATP probes, which enabled easy-to-use and visual detection of ATP in serum samples with a smartphone.

Biomass-Based Carbon Dots for Fe3+ and Adenosine Triphosphate Detection in Mitochondria

Real-time live-cell monitoring of Fe3+ and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mitochondria important for cellular functions and related to different diseases is highly desired, yet lack study. Herein, carbon dots, green bean (GB)-carbon dots (CDs), were made from GB through easy one-step hydrothermal treatment. GB-CDs were in spherical form with a diameter of 13 ± 3 nm, negatively charged, and green emissive. GB-CDs contained amino groups, which enabled their binding to Fe3+, resulting in their fluorescence quenching. Based on this, GB-CDs were employed to detect Fe3+ with high selectivity, showing a linear detection range of 10–70 μM and a detection limit of 3.6 nM. Furthermore, the addition of ATP can recover the fluorescence quenching of GB-CDs by Fe3+. Therefore, the GB-CD + Fe3+ system was deployed to assay ATP with a linear detection range of 50–600 μM and a detection limit of 60 nM, exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity. GB-CDs and GB-CDs + Fe3+ were individually harnessed to assess Fe3+ in tap water and ATP in fetal bovine serum. More importantly, GB-CDs can enter cells to localize in mitochondria for mitochondrial imaging with high biocompatibility and superior photostability. As a result, GB-CDs and GB-CD + Fe3+ system were implemented to track Fe3+ and ATP in mitochondria of A549, respectively. This study provides a potent tool to monitor Fe3+ and ATP in mitochondria, expanding the application of CDs as biosensors for biological compounds in subcellular organelles.

An abiotic carbon dots@ ZIF-90 fluorescent probe for rapid and reliable detection of adenosine triphosphate

ATP is a high-energy compound that plays a vital role in biological metabolism. Abnormal changes in ATP concentration are related to various diseases and reflect microbial metabolism in biofilms. In this work, we prepared carbon quantum dots (CDs) with aggregation-induced fluorescence inhibition effect using the bacterial culture medium as raw material with a hydrothermal method. Then, an abiotic fluorescent nanoprobe named CDs@zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-90 (ZIF-90) was facilely synthesized by encapsulating CDs into ZIF-90. Owing to the encapsulation of CDs in the hollow structure of ZIF-90, the blue fluorescence emission of CDs@ZIF-90 decreased significantly. In the presence of ATP, the ZIF-90 framework was destroyed due to the strong coordination between ATP and Zn2+. The released CDs exhibited stronger fluorescence intensity, which was closely related to the ATP concentration. The convenient synthesis process and rapid ATP-responsive ability make CDs@ZIF-90 highly promising for clinical and environmental analysis.

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as light-responsive oxidase-like mimics for the determination of adenosine triphosphate and discrimination of phenolic pollutants.

In this study, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was selected as a chromogenic substrate to evaluate the light-responsive oxidase-like activity of different zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). The synthesized ZIFs were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Several main operational parameters, including ZIFs and TMB concentrations, pH value, radiation time, and working current, in the reaction process were optimized. The kinetic measurement results show that ZIF-90 exhibits higher affinity to thesubstrate than horseradish peroxidase. Furthermore, given that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can specifically combine with Zn2+ binding site and destroy the structure of ZIF-90, a specific and sensitive colorimetric method was established for the quantitative detection of ATP within the range 10 - 240μM. In addition, on the basis that phenolic pollutants can impact the reaction kinetics diversely on different ZIFs, a sensor array was constructed and successfully applied to differentiate five phenolic pollutants in lake water samples. This work is expected to shed light on the establishment of ZIF-based light-responsive oxidase-like nanozymes for the highly selective colorimetric detection and sensor array.

In Situ Monitoring of Intracellular ATP Variation Based on a Thermoregulated Polymer Nanocomposite.

It is necessary to develop reliable chemiluminescence strategies for determination of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is vital in life science and clinical diagnosis. However, the current chemiluminescence methods based on firefly luciferase suffered from low delivery efficiency, unsatisfied targeting performance, and autohydrolysis in living biosystem. To circumvent these drawbacks, a thermoresponsive polymer nanocomposite modified with firefly luciferase and ATP aptamer (PFLNC@aptamer) was fabricated, which targeted ATP and determined the intracellular ATP levels via measuring the chemiluminescence signals at different temperatures. The PFLNC@aptamer exhibited capability for the enzymolysis efficiency regulation, increased 21.0% with temperature change from 37.0 to 25.0 °C. The ATP detection limit was 3.3 nM with a linear relationship from 10.0 nM to 0.1 mM. Moreover, the thermoresponsive nanocomposite could also effectively avoid the interference during delivering firefly luciferase into the living cells and effectively discriminate ATP via the immobilized ATP aptamer, which further confirmed its reliability for practical applications. It paves a specific avenue for effective intracellular ATP monitoring in fundamental and applied research.

Colorimetric Detection of ATP by a Chlorophosphonazo III -based Mg2+ Complex in Aqueous Solution via Indicator Displacement Approach.

A simple and effective colorimetric detection of adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) in 100% aqueous media was developed based on an indicator displacement approach (IDA). A commercially available dye, Chlorophosphonazo III (CPA), was utilized as the indicator and the ATP detection was achieved using the complex of CPA with Mg2+ in a 2:1 stoichiometric ratio (CPA2-Mg2+) through the regeneration of CPA by the binding of ATP to Mg2+. Upon addition of a series of anions to the CPA2-Mg2+ complex, only the appearance of the solution of the complex with ATP exhibited a color change from blue to purple which can be detected by the naked eye. Moreover, the ATP recognition was not hampered by the presence of other anions. Hence, CPA2-Mg2+ is efficient in ATP highly selective and sensitive colorimetric detection in 100% aqueous media.

Total Bioaerosol Detection by Split Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Nanosensor Chips.

Bioaerosols could carry and spread harmful microorganisms, thus posing a continuous threat to human beings and livestock health. Early warning and management are crucial for controlling the spread of bioaerosols. Herein, we developed a split aptamer (SA)-based electrochemical nanosensor chip (denoted SAE-nChip) for rapid and sensitive detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in bioaerosols. The platform features two components: split DNA aptamers for their ability to bind ATP and undergo target-induced assembly on the chip surface and ZIF-8@MXene composites for their ability to provide a high surface density of aptamer-binding sites and facilitate the electron transfer at the biointerface. The SAE-nChip was capable of detecting ATP with a detection limit of 10 pM. Furthermore, this assay allowed the detection of ATP in cultured microorganisms and collected real bioaerosols. Overall, this strategy of interfacing DNA aptamers with MXene-based composite materials represents a versatile approach for the ubiquitous detection of biochemical targets in bioaerosols.

Switching the Activity of CRISPR/Cas12a Using an Allosteric Inhibitory Aptamer for Biosensing.

The current CRISPR/Cas12a-based diagnostic techniques focus on designing the crRNA or substrate DNA elements to indirectly switch the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a responsive to target information. Here, we propose the use of an allosteric DNA probe to directly regulate the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a and present a method for sensing different types of analytes. An allosteric inhibitor probe is rationally designed to couple the target recognition sequence with the inhibitory aptamer of the CRISPR/Cas12a system and enables binding to a specific target to induce the change of conformation, which leads to the loss of its inhibitory function on Cas12a. As a result, the structure-switchable probe can regulate the degree of activity of Cas12a depending on the dose of target. Scalability of our strategy can be achieved by simply replacing the loop domain with different target recognition sequences. The proposed method was validated by detecting adenosine triphosphate and let-7a, giving the detection limits of 490 nM and 26 pM, respectively, and showing an excellent specificity. We believe that this work exploits a viable approach to use the inhibitory aptamer of Cas12a as a regulatory element for biosensing purposes, enriching the arsenal of CRISPR/Cas12a-based methods for molecular diagnostics and spurring further development and application of aptamers of the CRISPR/Cas system.

Stimulus-Responsive Metal-Organic Framework Signal-Reporting System for Photoelectrochemical and Fluorescent Dual-Mode Detection of ATP.

Dual-mode bioanalysis integrating photoelectrochemical (PEC) and other modes is emerging and allows signal cross-checking for more reliable results. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to be attractive materials in various biological applications. This work presents the utilization of MOF encapsulation and stimuli-responsive decapsulation for dual-mode PEC and fluorescence (FL) bioanalysis. Photoactive dye methylene violet (MV) was encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) to form an MV@ZIF-90 hybrid material, and MV could be released by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced ZIF-90 disintegration. The released MV not only had FL emission but also had a sensitization effect on the ZnIn2S4 (ZnInS) photoanode. Based on the MV-dependent sensitization effect and FL emission characteristic, a dual-mode PEC-FL strategy was established for ATP detection with low detection limits, that is, 3.2 and 4.1 pM for PEC and FL detection, respectively. This study features and will inspire the construction and implementation of smart MOF materials for dual-mode bioanalysis.

Allosteric probe initiated triple signal recycles for sensitive analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is closely associated with a variety of pathophysiological process, providing energy for cell activities. However, it remains a huge challenge to develop a simple and sensitive ATP detection method. Herein, we describe an ultrasensitive approach for ATP detection by using an elegantly designed allosteric probe to bind with targets and to induce DNAzyme assisted triple signal recycles. To establish the approach, the allosteric probe is designed with three functional parts to bind with target ATP, to induce signal recycles and to assist chain extension. After recognition of ATP by allosteric probe, the triple signal recycles are initiated, including (i) released ATP-allosteric probe complex unfolds H1 probe, constituting the first signal recycle; (ii) DNAzyme based cleavage induces the second signal recycle; and (iii) chain extension induced release of ATP is the third signal recycle. Through a series of experiments, the approach exhibits a favorable ATP detection performance and shows a high anti-interference ability, indicating a potential application value in early diagnosis of diseases.

Optimization of Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for ATP Detection Using Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode/Gold Nanoparticles (SPCE/AuNP)

Electrochemical biosensors are used to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, which are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as regulating cellular metabolism and biochemical pathways. Therefore, this research aims to develop an aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor with Screen Printed Carbon Electrode/gold nanoparticles (SPCE/AuNP) and collect data as well as information related to ATP detection. The modification of SPCE with AuNP increased the analyte’s binding sensitivity and biocompatibility. The aptamer was selected based on its excellent bioreceptor characteristics. Furthermore, aptamer–SH (F1) and aptamer-NH2 (F2) were immobilized on the SPCE/AuNP surface, which had been characterized using SEM, EIS, and DPV. Also, the ATP-binding aptamers were electrochemically characterized using the K3[Fe(CN)6] redox system and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). According to the optimization results using the Box-Behnken experimental design, the ideal conditions obtained from the factors influencing the experiment were the F1 concentration and incubation time of 4 µM and 24 h, respectively, as well as F1/F2/ATP incubation time of 7.5 min. Meanwhile, for the range of 0.1 to 100 µM, the detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) limits were 7.43 and 24.78 µM, respectively. Therefore, this aptasensor method can be used to measure ATP levels in real samples.

Accelerated CRISPR/Cas12a-based small molecule detection using bivalent aptamer

CRISPR/Cas holds great promise for biosensing applications, however, restricted to nucleic acid targets. Here, we broaden the sensing target of CRISPR/Cas to small molecules via integrating a bivalent aptamer as a recognition component. Using adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) as a model molecule, we found that a bivalent aptamer we selected could shorten the binding time between the aptamer and ATP from 30 min to 3 min, thus dramatically accelerating the detection of ATP. The accelerated bivalent aptamer binding to ATP was mainly ascribed to the extended conformation of the aptamer, which was stabilized through linking with a 5 T bases connector on specific loops of the monovalent aptamer. To facilitate on-site detection, we integrated lateral flow assay (LFA) with the CRISPR/Cas sensing strategy (termed BA-CASLFA) to serve as a visual readout of the presence of ATP. In addition, in the CASLFA platform, due to the unique characteristics of LFA, the thermal step of Cas12a inactivation can be omitted. The BA-CASLFA could output a colorimetric “TURN ON” signal for ATP within 26 min, which could be easily discriminated by the naked eye and sensitively quantified by the portable reader. Furthermore, we showed the versatility of BA-CASLFA for detecting kanamycin using a kanamycin bivalent aptamer obtained through the same design as the ATP bivalent aptamer. Therefore, this strategy is amenable to serve as a general sensing strategy for small molecular targets. The above work opened a new way in developing CRISPR-based on-site sensors for clinic diagnosis, food safety, and environmental analysis.

Molecular Recognition-Triggered Aptazyme Sensor Using a Co-MOF@MCA Hybrid Nanostructure as Signal Labels for Adenosine Triphosphate Detection in Food Samples.

Developing rapid detection technology for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is crucial in quality supervision and food safety. Herein, an electrochemical aptasensor based on an aptazyme-catalyzed signal amplification strategy is constructed for ATP detection using polyethyleneimine-functionalized molybdenum disulfide (PEI-MoS2)/Au@PtPd nanobipyramids (MoS2/Au@PtPd NBPs) as a modification material. Additionally, a novel kind of nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework (COF) is prepared using melamine and cyanuric acid (MCA). We synthesize MCA and the Co-based metal organic framework (Co-MOF) as the signal label. Due to the fact that π-π stacking interactions of Co-MOF@MCA can expand the load efficiency and surface concentration of the signal label, the signal response is an order of magnitude higher than that of Co-MOF or MCA as the signal label. Target ATP changes the conformation of the aptazyme, and it becomes activated. With the assistance of metal ions, the signal label is circularly cleaved, causing an amplification of the signal. Among them, MoS2/Au@PtPd NBPs have a large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity and can carry substantial DNA strands and amplify the redox signal of methylene blue (MB). Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor can detect ATP from 10 pM to 100 μM with a low limit of detection of 7.37 × 10-10 μM. Therefore, the novel aptasensor has extensive application prospects in quality supervision and food safety.

An Electrochemical Aptasensor Integrating Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework for Highly Selective Detection of Bioaerosols.

Bioaerosols are the biological materials in the air, which may cause a continuous threat to human health. However, there are many challenges in monitoring bioaerosols such as lack of sensitivity and selectivity. Herein, we synthesized a series of nanohybrids containing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to construct an electrochemical aptasensor for detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a biomarker for bioaerosols. The synthesized nanohybrids can not only improve the selectivity of aptasensor because of the original crystal and chemical features of ZIF-67, but also boost its sensitivity due to the excellent conductivity of COFs. After optimizing the nanohybrids, the novel developed sensing platform achieved highly selective detection of ATP with an excellent detection limit of 0.11 nM in a wide linear range from 0.1 nM to 100 nM. Furthermore, this assay was applied to detect bioaerosols in real air samples, and the result showed a positive correlation with that of the culturing-based method, suggesting its potential applicability.