Additional Services Research Articles

Exploring Child-Parent Relationship Therapy -CPRT- Impact on Externalised Behaviours of Foster Children Experienced Complex Trauma: A Case Study

IntroductionMany foster children experience traumatic events that result in a wide range of disruptive behaviours, such as temper tantrums, superficially charming, no sincere remorse, and so forth. These problematic behaviours are challenging to the implementation of holistic therapeutic interventions.ObjectivesThe purpose of the current study is to explore the effectiveness of employing Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) on externalised behaviours of a traumatised child at home and in social interactions.MethodsThis study used a case study to explore the influence of CPRT on externalised behaviours of traumatised foster children. The case study focused on the externalised problematic behaviours of an Australian Aboriginal child fostered under long-term care at 18 months by a Caucasian family. The foster parent and the foster child received a 10-session structured CPRT across ten weeks. The child’s externalised behaviours were evaluated through the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) form.Results The findings describe the process of a 10-session structured CPRT with a foster child who exhibits externalised disruptive behaviours because of abandonment and complex trauma. The themes in the foster parent’s role and the play therapy approach relate to traumatic events and attachment issues. The results indicated a slight reduction in these behaviours. According to the follow-up interview, the child still showed aggressive behaviours in social interactions but not at home. Interviews with the foster parent indicated both the parent and child require additional support and further sessions of CPRT.Conclusions This case study identified an improvement in externalised behaviours for foster children with experience of complex trauma and abandonment after a 10-session CPRT. Further research is required to explore the effectiveness of a longer-term session of CPRT alongside additional support services for foster parents.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Rainfall interception by urban trees: Event characteristics and tree morphological traits

AbstractThe rapid expansion of impermeable surfaces in cities has a major impact on urban hydrology by reducing rainwater infiltration and increasing runoff rates and peaks. The use of urban trees as stormwater management tools is gaining recognition for their potential to mitigate flood risk and provide additional ecosystem services. We conducted an in‐situ field experiment to measure throughfall on Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and small‐leaved lime (Tilia cordata) to assess the interception capacity of solitary urban trees under different degrees of surface sealing in the city of Freiburg, Germany. We examined the relationships between rainfall characteristics, tree morphological traits, and the interception behaviour, analysing eight trees per species over 76 recorded rainfall events from April to September 2021. Average interception values were higher for small‐leaved lime trees (70.3% ± 6.6%) than for Norway maple (54.8% ± 10.3%) surpassing those in typical forested environments. The average interception loss of all recorded events was 2.6 ± 0.6 mm for Norway maple and 3.7 ± 0.3 mm for small‐leaved lime. For both tree species, significant linear correlations were found between the relative interception and factors such as rainfall depths, the leaf area index (LAI), and the plant area index (PAI) (adj. R2 >0.45). Unlike Norway maple, small‐leaved lime demonstrated significant relationships between several tree morphological parameters and interception (adj. R2 >0.43). The LAI of both species significantly decreased with the increasing degree of surface sealing, which in turn affected interception rates. Our results enhance the understanding of the interception process by solitary trees in urban contexts and enables the parameterization of interception rates using measurable properties. To develop a comprehensive database for modelling parameters and aid urban planners in stormwater management, further field experiments involving various tree species are essential.

Psychotropic medication prescribing in male juvenile justice facilities

This study examined medical files for former residents of six juvenile residential facilities. A review of medical files for 223 male, justice-involved adolescents revealed that 139 (62.33 %) received one or more psychotropic medications during at least one of their stays. Of the residents who received at least one medication (n = 139), prescribers most often prescribed antidepressants (74.8 %), antipsychotics (50.4 %), and stimulants (43.32 %). The authors assessed the predicting and maintaining variables that impacted psychotropic medication use as a treatment for adolescents with mental health concerns. Receiving medication prior to intake increased the likelihood of a resident receiving psychotropic medication. Additionally, older adolescents had a decreased likelihood of receiving psychotropic medication. Surprisingly, only risk score significantly impacted the continuation of medication at discharge. Overall, residents received less medication at discharge when compared to medication count at intake. Furthermore, additional comparisons between the residents in this study and those of Anderson et al. (2022) revealed no prescribing differences for residents who did or did not receive additional psychotherapeutic services.

Assessing a pharmacist provided mental health screening service in a rural community to address anxiety and depression

BackgroundThe current state of the mental health crisis has been a topic of discussion around the nation, with those in rural communities being at a particularly higher risk. Community pharmacists are uniquely positioned to screen patients for mental health disorders and provide education and patient monitoring following medication changes by prescribers. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess mental health screening outcomes provided by rural community pharmacists. MethodsThis retrospective evaluation of a pilot project describes a behavioral health service. Eligible patients were 18 years of age or older, taking one or more mental health medications and covered by the specific Medicaid health plan. Participating pharmacies were those that had a considerable patient population participating with that plan, as well as credentialed and trained pharmacists. Pharmacists performed telehealth visits with eligible patients where they confirmed their mental health diagnosis and medications. Based on patient confirmed diagnosis, a Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7 (GAD-7) or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) test was administered. The pharmacists then made recommendations to the patients or their prescribers and created a plan with the patient for implementation based on their score.Follow-up calls were conducted to readminister the appropriate test to identify changes in mental health scores. ResultsThere were 61 patients who participated in the services across 4 pharmacies. Mean GAD-7 scores were 8.1 at initial appointment and 6.4 at follow-up (n = 24). Mean PHQ-9 scores were 11.2 initially and 10 at follow-up (n = 37). ConclusionThis implementation project supports the creation of additional mental health services in the community pharmacy setting to reinforce and encourage follow-up provider visits in areas where there are mental health provider shortages and may possibly improve patient outcomes.

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL SHIFTS IN THE EAEU ECONOMY USING INDIVIDUAL INDICATORS OF STRUCTURAL SHIFTS

The functioning of the Common Economic Space (CES) and the Eurasian Economic Union on the territory of the countries included in the regional association presupposes the implementation by countries and the Eurasian Economic Commission of a coordinated policy in the economic sphere. This policy has an impact on structural changes in the economies of countries and the regional union as a whole. The results of these changes can be assessed using indicators of structural changes, which assess structural changes in individual elements or groups of the population (sectors of the economy) or shifts in all elements of the population. The second indicators characterize the intensity of differences between the two structures as a whole. In this article, we focused our attention on the analysis of structural changes in individual sectors of the economy of the EAEU and the countries included in the regional association. The top five largest sectors of the EAEU GDP in 2022 included: 1) manufacturing industry (13.3%); 2) mining and quarrying (12.3%); 3) wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (11.7); 4) transactions with real estate (9.3%); 5) public administration and defense, compulsory social security (5.9%). At the same time, the change in their share in GDP compared to 2011 was in different directions - the share of trade decreased significantly, while the other four industries increased, including significantly in the mining industry. The list of the largest sectors of the Russian economy, their place in the country’s GDP, as well as the direction of change in their share coincides with the economy of the EAEU as a whole. In other EAEU countries the situation is different. Calculations of partial indicators of relative structural changes, calculated by the chain method, showed significant changes in certain periods, including so-called “jumps”, representing a change in the shares of industries in GDP by 50 percentage points. and more. In particular, jumps were observed in Armenia in three industries, in Belarus - in two industries, in Kazakhstan - in one industry, in Kyrgyzstan - in two industries, with two different directions in one industry. There were no horse races in Russia. However, significant changes in the share of GDP were observed in the mining and quarrying industries, financial and insurance activities, the provision of other types of services, administrative activities and additional services in this area. Calculations of partial indicators of relative structural changes calculated using the base method also showed their noticeable changes in relation to the base period. In particular, construction and trade were characterized by a decrease in the share of the EAEU GDP in 2022, amounting to 27 and 21 percentage points. responsibly. At the same time, the share of a number of industries increased: healthcare and social services (+28 p.p.), manufacturing (+10 p.p.). Some countries saw more significant changes, including spikes.

The selective deployment of AI in healthcare: An ethical algorithm for algorithms.

Machine-learning algorithms have the potential to revolutionise diagnostic and prognostic tasks in health care, yet algorithmic performance levels can be materially worse for subgroups that have been underrepresented in algorithmic training data. Given this epistemic deficit, the inclusion of underrepresented groups in algorithmic processes can result in harm. Yet delaying the deployment of algorithmic systems until more equitable results can be achieved would avoidably and foreseeably lead to a significant number of unnecessary deaths in well-represented populations. Faced with this dilemma between equity and utility, we draw on two case studies involving breast cancer and melanoma to argue for the selective deployment of diagnostic and prognostic tools for some well-represented groups, even if this results in the temporary exclusion of underrepresented patients from algorithmic approaches. We argue that this approach is justifiable when the inclusion of underrepresented patients would cause them to be harmed. While the context of historic injustice poses a considerable challenge for the ethical acceptability of selective algorithmic deployment strategies, we argue that, at least for the case studies addressed in this article, the issue of historic injustice is better addressed through nonalgorithmic measures, including being transparent with patients about the nature of the current epistemic deficits, providing additional services to algorithmically excluded populations, and through urgent commitments to gather additional algorithmic training data from excluded populations, paving the way for universal algorithmic deployment that is accurate for all patient groups. These commitments should be supported by regulation and, where necessary, government funding to ensure that any delays for excluded groups are kept to the minimum. We offer an ethical algorithm for algorithms-showing when to ethically delay, expedite, or selectively deploy algorithmic systems in healthcare settings.

Functional and technological concepts of airports (past and present)

The article discusses the impact of security factors, economic and social conditions of public life, and the development of technology, which leads to many changes in the functional and technological schemes of air passenger services. This, in turn, affects the planning and volumetric-spatial solutions of airport terminals and changes in the organization of airport master plans. It is logical to assume that these changes are not the last, and there is a need to predict further possible solutions. But this is not possible without reviewing and systematizing the changes that have already taken place in the design and construction of airports. The article discusses several concepts of functional and planning passenger service, namely: The concept of runways in the form of a circle. The takeoff and landing of the first passenger airplanes depended heavily on wind speed and power. The airfield configuration in the form of a circle allowed solving this problem. Now this solution is outdated and not used. The concept of containerization of passenger transportation. An assumption was made about the construction of large-capacity passenger aircraft with up to 1000 passengers. Accordingly, it was proposed to first place passengers in specialized containers and then attach these containers to specialized aircraft to save time during handling. The concept remained futuristic due to the fact that passenger aircraft of this capacity are not produced, but it may happen in the future. The concept of urban airports. For the comfort of air passengers, it was proposed to build airports directly in the city. After a certain period of time, this concept was forced to be abandoned due to modern requirements and air traffic safety measures. The concept of centralized or decentralized air passenger service. The concept has been evolving throughout the history of airport construction. At the present stage, the concept of centralized service is more widespread, as it is the most comfortable and economically feasible. The concept of additional (non-transportation) passenger services. The commercial industry of air passenger services at the airport, in the form of shops, cafes, hotels, and much more, is now successfully developing. This allows airports to increase the level of comfort and affects the reduction of costs and lower prices for the transportation of each individual air passenger. The article notes that some concepts are outdated, some are too futuristic, some have ceased to exist due to inconsistencies with modern security measures, and some have stood the test of time and become dominant in modern airport design. Analysis, comprehension and summarization of the consequences of the introduction of certain functional and technological concepts of air passenger service leads to changes in the organization of airports. The process of scientific research of these phenomena is the key to the future life of airports and their efficient operation. This task is quite complex and requires a lot of studies, not only in the field of architecture and design, but also in sociology, economics, marketing, and management.

A School Is Born: Correlates of Recent Births of Independent Schools in Ontario

ABSTRACT Ontario’s population of independent schools does not receive any public subsidies while having to compete with a public system that is well-funded, offers a relative abundance of choice, and performs well from an international perspective. Yet that population has grown steadily despite encountering those unfavorable conditions. To understand this growth, this paper examines correlates of independent school openings between 2011–12 and 2020–21. It draws on organizational ecology frameworks that are typically used to study for-profit businesses but are rarely used to examine schools. Data come from official school registries, coding school websites, and merging census information, and are used to operationalize 3 key concepts: carrying capacity, resource partitioning, and density dependence. Descriptive analyses, logistic regression models, and sensitivity checks suggest the following: new independent schools tend to emerge in International and “Third” sectors, at the secondary level, near other independent schools, and offer additional educational services. We interpret these findings as illustrating that internationalization is extending capacities for independent schools and is helping to enhance their organizational legitimacy, and that school characteristics are likely products of both period effects and organizational changes. Policy implications are discussed.

Prediction of Infecting Cancer based on Logistic Regression Model

Cancer is one of the most fatal contributors towards the increasing mortality rate of mankind. This represents an important topic to study for the sake of the welfare of humanity. However, the traditional manual diagnosis and prognosis procedures of this disease are quite time-consuming, even for a professional medical practitioner. Thus, a model with robust power of predictions regarding the state of the tumour (i.e., probable cancer) would benefit most patients from the toxic side effects and additional medical services fees incurred by inessential treatment. To this end, the Logistic Regression Method is applied to derive a powerful model combining an algorithm from machine learning criteria – Learning Vector Quantization. There are two phases in building this model, phase 1 is the pretreatment of our data from Kaggle, including the process of normalization, classification and feature selection. From feature selection, 14 variables are extracted based on their level of importance. Thereby, models are built on these 14 variables and one output Y, consisting of 0 or 1, derived from the classification process. These 14 variables have a huge impact towards the prediction process since they significantly reduce the work needed for the procedure. Phase 2 is applying the relevant methodology to produce our model and examine its efficiency. To test the ability of the trained logistic models to recognize cancer, we analyzed residual samples that were not previously used for the training procedure and correctly classified them in all cases. The evaluation of the model combines methods of the AUC-ROC curve as well as the confusion matrix, which are powerful statistical approaches. The AUC value after calculation is , which strengthens the validity and efficiency of the model. Besides, the confusion matrix reveals an accuracy of 0.9787 (out of 1). The repercussions of this model can be utilized in the field of forecasting the probability of cancer from concrete measurements of the tumor. This may refrain from the exorbitant expenditure on the usage of certain delicate medical machines, like X-ray. Moreover, this provides foundation statistics for the application of modern AI technology in the cancer prediction region.

Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Telkom PT Telkom Surabaya Utara: Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran pada PT Witel Surabaya Utara

This study aims to determine the marketing communication strategy at PT. Telkom North Surabaya. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The sampling technique used in this study was a purposive sampling technique. The techniques used by researchers to collect data were in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out when writing the report using interactive analysis techniques. The communication process carried out by PT Telkom North Surabaya, namely in the outbound call section, there is a customer offering process offering additional service products, then the input (1-3 × 24 hour process) which will process through the system to be forwarded to the technician to carry out the installation that has been ordered to the customer via outbon call (OBC). Communication is carried out by giving greetings, conveying information and finally closing in offering additional product services. In offering additional services to OBC customers using social media such as Whatsapp, carring by phone and promotions via Instagram, and through certain pages that can only be accessed by the OBC team for additional ADD ON services. PT Telkom's OBC Telemarketing Marketing communication strategy has been effective, this is proven by the year 2022 according to Annas Kharisma (Manager Customer care PT.Telkom) PT. Telkom also obtained the first highest percentage for marketing reaching 117% ADD ON installation in Regional 5 (East Java) with the installation of more than 400 SSL (Secure Socket Layer).

Psychosocial Barriers to Completion of Speech Home Exercise Programs

Purpose: Home exercise programs (HEPs) are provided to patients to maximize retention and generalization of the skills learned during ongoing speech therapy. Unfortunately, psychosocial barriers can lead to inconsistent implementation of speech HEPs, but currently, minimal research exists in identifying these factors. This study aims to ascertain the barriers involved in neglecting the implementation of speech HEPs within the cleft and craniofacial population. Method: Respondents answered a series of questions related to demographics (e.g., ethnicity, diagnosis), speech services (e.g., frequency, additional services), and psychosocial barriers (e.g., mental health of parent, patient motivation). Results: Findings demonstrated that 88% of the families in this study experienced psychosocial barriers. Fifteen out of the 17 respondents were mothers (88%), whose marriage status included married (70.59%), single (23.53%), and widowed (5.88%). The majority (59% of caregivers) reported completing assigned speech HEPs less than 75% of the time. Conclusions: Given the findings of this preliminary study, future studies can further assess the psychosocial barriers and their relationship to demographic information. This information will be useful in finding strategies to promote follow-through of HEP implementation in the future.

Effectiveness of Universal Design of Learning for Students with Mild Intellectual Disabilities - A Review

A special education programme is required for kids who have intellectual disabilities. To help these kids learn how to cooperate while engaging in activities, various activities like music, dance, yoga arts and crafts etc. may be offered. They need to teach practical skills and daily tasks rather than academic knowledge. The misconception is that institutional training is the only way to teach children with intellectual disabilities. To learn about autonomous living, they require attention and inclusion. The Govt also offers additional services and educational opportunities for children with intellectual disabilities. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework that assists educators in minimizing obstacles and enhancing learning opportunities for every student. It is an instructional approach designed to cater to the diverse needs and capabilities of all learners, eliminating unnecessary challenges in the learning journey. Several pieces of literature have been published, illustrating the efficacy of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in enhancing learning across various subjects for children with intellectual disabilities. Evidence suggests that UDL aids in accessing the general education curriculum, resulting in improved learning outcomes and growth in essential skills such as reading, writing, comprehension, decision-making, life skills, and social skills. These advancements are pivotal in enabling students to lead dignified and standard lives. Researchers in the field recommend further investigation to solidify the evidence supporting the assertions made in this paper. Keywords: Universal design of learning, Children with intellectual disabilities, Autonomous, Hurdles

Recovery following discharge from intensive care: What do patients think is helpful and what services are missing?

Recovery following critical illness is complex due to the many challenges patients face which influence their long-term outcomes. We explored patients' views about facilitators of recovery after critical illness which could be used to inform the components and timing of specific rehabilitation interventions. To explore the views of patients after discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU) about their recovery and factors that facilitated recovery, and to determine additional services that patients felt were missing during their recovery. Qualitative study involving individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews at six months (n = 11) and twelve months (n = 10). Written, informed consent was obtained. [Ethics approval 17/NI/0115]. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using template analysis. Template analysis revealed four core themes: (1) Physical activity and function; (2) Recovery of cognitive and emotional function; (3) Facilitators to recovery; and (4) Gaps in healthcare services. Patient reported facilitators to recovery include support and guidance from others and self-motivation and goal setting, equipment for mobility and use of technology. Barriers include a lack of follow up services, exercise rehabilitation, peer support and personal feedback. Patients perceived that access to specific healthcare services was fragmented and where services were unavailable this contributed to slower or poorer quality of recovery. ICU patient recover could be facilitated by a comprehensive rehabilitation intervention that includes patient-directed strategies and health care services.

School social workers’ experiences delivering mental health supports amid COVID-19 school reopening

Child and adolescent mental health needs are at unprecedented rates in the continued wake of COVID-19. While prior research has examined school mental health practice during initial COVID-19 school closures, few studies have examined school mental health practice amid COVID-19 school reopening. This exploratory study investigates school social workers’ perceptions of their mental health service and support delivery during COVID-19 school reopening as well as the facilitators and barriers they experienced to delivering these supports. This study also examines school social worker’s perceptions of the mental health supports they wished were offered. Fifteen current school social workers in one southeastern state who practiced during the first full school year amid COVID-19 school reopening (2020–2021) participated in virtual interviews. Interview data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. Findings suggest crisis intervention and counseling were primary mental health services provided by school social workers during this time, and barriers to service delivery included the virtual format of service delivery, emerging experiences of burnout, and a lack of mental health providers. Facilitators to providing mental health services included collaboration with school and community-based partners and supervisor support. Participants wished schools had offered additional in-person mental health services and supports and expressed a need for additional school mental health professionals to be hired. Implications are offered for school mental health practice and research with the aim of helping to inform ongoing responses to COVID-19, future crisis response planning, and areas for improvement in current school mental health approaches.

The Importance of Government Collaboration Strategies for Developing Tourism Villages in Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to find out the existence of tourist villages that have not experienced development like other tourist village destinations that have experienced a lot of progress. Theoretical reference: Development of integrated tourist village destinations needs to be carried out through collaboration, with strong regional policies through cooperative strategies with various parties. Then the importance of collaboration is applied because according to Thomson from Wood and Gray (1991, 218): Collaboration means autonomous parties interacting through negotiations both formally and informally. Method: The type of research used in this research is a research method with a qualitative approach involving philosophical assumptions, applying a qualitative approach by collecting and analyzing various types of data, also involving collective functions so that the power of studying collectively is greater. and deeper (Creswell, 2013 :5) Results and Conclusions: The government needs to provide facilities and infrastructure that can support the achievement of safe, comfortable and healthy tourist village destinations. The development of eight tourism elements in tourist villages is quite varied and has not been packaged well. Kahayya Village has not developed like other tourist villages, because so far only the government has contributed to its development, access to land transportation is also limited, namely winding roads up hills that are not suitable for two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles. Collaboration with various parties is needed so that the potential of this tourist village can be recognized, developed and attracted by visitors. The requirements to become a tourist village worth visiting are like three villages that have eight tourism elements that could be a model. To develop a tourist village into a leading destination requires a fairly large budget. Research implications: The government needs to continue to provide professional guidance and management to increase the number of visits to tourist villages, by improving eight elements starting from: attractions, accessibility, amenities, accommodation, additional services (supporting facilities), supporting policies, and the government facilitating implementation regional regulations in strategic planning priorities and multi-party collaboration. Originality/Value: The tourist village destinations, namely Kahayya, Darubiah, Bontobahari, and Tanatoa all have potential with various types of interesting tourism ranging from the natural beauty of mountains, beaches, waterfall bathing, Pinishi Boat making rituals, and preserving traditional Ammatoa culture. Villages that have not yet experienced development require strong collaboration between various parties ranging from government officials, business actors, academics, society, media, to tourists so that they can work together to support the implementation of tourist villages that are worth visiting and meet the safety and comfort criteria of tourists.

The Role of Hospital Characteristics in Clinical and Quality Outcomes for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a National Cohort.

There is substantial variability in patient outcomes for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) across hospitals. This study aimed to identify hospital factors associated with GIB outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries hospitalized for GIB from 2016 to 2018. These data were merged with the American Hospital Association Annual Survey data to incorporate hospital characteristics. We used generalized linear mixed-effect models to estimate the effect of hospital-level characteristics on patient outcomes after adjusting for patient risk factors including anticoagulant and antiplatelet use, recent GIB, and comorbidities. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and secondary outcomes included length of stay and a composite outcome of 30-day readmission or mortality. Factors associated with improved GIB 30-day mortality included large hospital size (defined as beds >400, odds ratio [OR] 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.97), greater case volume (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96-0.98), increased resident and nurse staffing (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94), and blood donor center designation (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.99). Patients treated at a hospital with multiple advanced capabilities, such as availability of advanced endoscopy, advanced intensive care unit (ICU) capabilities (both a medical-surgical ICU and cardiac ICU), blood donor center, and liver transplant center, had a 22% reduction in 30-day mortality risk, compared with those hospitalized in a hospital with none of these services (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68-0.91). However, length of stay increased with additional services. Patients hospitalized for GIB at hospitals with multiple advanced specialized capabilities have lower mortality but longer lengths of stay. Further research should examine the processes of care linked to these services that contribute to improved mortality in GIB.

Models of residential space for ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province associated with sustainable livelihoods

Thanh Hoa Province has 11 mountainous districts with seven ethnic minority groups, and the three largest ethnic groups are the Muong, Thai, and H'Mong. This region has great potential for developing a forest-based economy, ecotourism, community-based tourism, and cultural heritage tourism that is associated with cultural festivals, customs, lifestyles, and traditional housing architecture. However, developing a family-based economy, such as engaging in community-based tourism or agricultural production, has negatively affected and disrupted the structure of village spaces, spatial planning, and traditional house design. The arbitrary construction of additional service spaces and spaces for resident guests within the village space and the precinct of a house has reduced the area of the garden and agricultural land. The self-initiated modification, expansion, and use of non-traditional materials in traditional housing structures by residents to serve tourists have resulted in the loss of the architectural value of traditional homes. The exploitation of agricultural land has affected the natural forest area, the forest protection area at the headwaters, and the vegetation cover and natural ecosystems. Moreover, agricultural economic activities have not been linked to service activities, handicraft production, or tourism, and there are no adaptive residential space models, thus failing to create sustainable livelihood activities. Therefore, the article proposes settlement space models and orientations for residential space development including village spaces, house precincts, and traditional housing spaces of ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province, associated with sustainable livelihoods based on the exploitation of traditional housing architectural heritage values to ensure local economic development. These models are closely linked with the conservation and promotion of ethnic cultural values, landscape preservation, environmental protection, and contribution to poverty reduction for residents.

Opportunities for Dunedin’s Mobile Library Service

This project delves into the potential opportunities for Dunedin’s mobile library service, with a focus on emissions and social sustainability. The research is particularly significant for this community, as a comprehensive review of Dunedin's mobile library services and user transport behaviours has not been conducted previously. Employing a mixed-methods and community-based approach, this project involves surveys of current mobile library and city library users to understand their travel behaviours and assess interest in additional mobile library services. Interviews with mobile library managers around Aotearoa also provide insights into the diverse scope of mobile library and outreach services. Subsequent data analysis offers a range of recommendations tailored for the Dunedin City Council and Dunedin Public Libraries, serving as a valuable guide for their future decision-making processes, in line with the Zero Carbon Plan 2030. Beyond the local context, this project includes insights applicable to a broader spectrum of organizations, councils, and communities, contributing to the larger discourse on emissions reduction and sustainable practices. 
 Supervised by: Craig Cliff, Ray O’Brien
 Scholarship Project Funded by: Dunedin City Council

Platform business models and strategic price interaction

Business platforms delivering Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), alongside providing additional user services, have been shown to bring important price strategic interaction impacts which can be welfare improving. We show that the Integrator platform, whose structure alleviates harmful price externalities with two operators, such that it everywhere welfare dominates the Free-Market, can also limit beneficial competitive forces with more operators, reversing this welfare ordering. This is important since MaaS envisages platforms bringing together multiple operators and services in practice. However, calibrations show that where the Integrator platform fails to outperform the Free-Market (with higher operator numbers and lower substitutability), a new platform-based model that we introduce, is optimal. Furthermore, the Integrator is promoted in welfare terms in the presence of non-trivial marginal costs and mid- to high-end market demand elasticities, conditions both consistent with the inclusion in the MaaS journey mix of taxi cabs and other on-demand services which are common-place in MaaS offerings. We also introduce a number of extensions to the modelling framework incorporating additional real network characteristics. Though this can result in the welfare supremacy of the Integrator relative to the Free-Market being undermined, it again tends to be restored under mid- to high-range market elasticity calibrations. Finally, profit incentives tend to neither align across platform providers and operators, nor promote the welfare-best regime, indicating potential for regulatory oversight.

Calculation of product service systems in single and small batch production

AbstractSingle and small batch production is characterized by complex value-added processes and products. The transparent calculation of new offers and change requests is therefore a particular challenge. At the same time, the rising spread of product service systems (PSS) increases the complexity of costing, as additional intangible services have to be calculated precisely. In addition to the challenges posed by such precise calculation of intangible services, companies have to master another complexity driver in the form of PSS. Innovative information and communication technologies (ICT) offer new potential for effective and efficient design of the costing process for the entire life cycle. The rising availability of data along the entire product life cycle significantly increases transparency and, thanks to intelligent analysis algorithms, allows the identification of clear cause-and-effect relationships and forecasting options. The aim of the presented paper is thus to develop a model for calculation of PPS in single and small batch production that exploits the new potential of ICT.