1. 1. The non-histone proteins partially purified from rat liver DNA-protein complex have been shown to stimulate chromatin-templated RNA synthesis in vitro. This stimulation is not the result of contaminating DNA or proteases. 2. 2. The RNA transcribed from chromatin stimulated by the non-histone proteins has a different nucleotide composition, and hybridizes more with homologous DNA in saturation hybridization and competition hybridization experiments than RNA transcribed from control chromatin. 3. 3. In ribosomal amino acid incorporation system in vitro, the RNA transcribed from the activated chromatin codes different polypeptides than RNA transcribed from control chromatin. 14C-labeled polypeptides translated by the activated RNA product are shown to have a longer average chain length. These data suggest an activation of the genome, resulting in increased transcription of additional genome sequences.