Additional Bonus Research Articles

Editorial

As subscribers to this journal will have noticed before even turning to this page, there is something different about this issue. Not only have the QAR logo and title been altered but the entire layout has been changed inside the covers. The shift to double-column text was a decision made by your Editor in response to rising printing and mailing costs over the past couple of years coupled with an effort to keep the annual subscription in the vicinity of $20 (including postage). This new format has meant that over one hundred pages in the old format can now be printed in about sixty pages. Each issue is now not only thinner but it is less expensive to mail. Having fewer leaves provides an additional bonus in that the old almost transparent paper can now be upgraded to a much higher quality. I hope that readers will like the new look.

Pharmacoeconomics of Intravenous Drug Administration

Direct administration of a drug into a vein guarantees bioavailability, i.e. the total amount of drug is fully available to the bloodstream for transport to all areas of the body. What is not ensured is the safety, need and 'value for money' of this route. Few workers would disagree that there is increased morbidity associated with this method of administration. Adverse events range from the painful irritation of veins to life-threatening infection introduced by needle puncture. It is proposed that in many situations the disadvantages of the intravenous (IV) route outweigh the advantages. There are many hidden costs of IV therapy ranging from the adverse events associated with IV administration to the need for specialised equipment, consumables and additional personnel time. Recent studies have shown that the oral route can be substituted in many patients receiving IV therapy without loss of efficacy. The reduction in costs intrinsic to IV therapy is an additional bonus. There is a need to increase the use of alternative routes of administration on the basis of safety, quality of life and cost.

Linearization of the matched field processing approach to acoustic tomography

This paper continues the approach presented in Tolstoy et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89, 1119–1127 (1991)] but offers a much improved inversion technique, i.e., a linearization of the problem which reformats the computations in terms of a simple nonsquare matrix inversion for an overdetermined system. This work was motivated by the desire to improve upon the speed and accuracy of the original algorithm that had a tendency to stall unpredictably [Tolstoy and Frazer, in Computational Acoustics, edited by D. Lee, A. Cakmak, and R. Vichnevetsky (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991)]. This work has the additional bonus that sound-speed accuracies are now an order of magnitude better than the earlier technique. In addition, calculations confirm that for simulations with white, Gaussian, uncorrelated noise the linear/Bartlett processor results are identical to those of the minimum-variance/Capon processor. Finally, optimal source–receiver configurations have been determined by exhaustively computing the condition numbers for the associated matrices in the new linear formulation. Simulation results with the new linearization plus matrix inversion scheme show that three arrays located at optimal coordinates in a 250×250-km ocean region with shot sources distributed around the perimeter can result in 3-D sound-speed profiles determined to accuracies better than 0.07 m/s and better than 0.03 m/s for four arrays located at optimal coordinates (assuming perfect knowledge of sound-speed profiles at source and array coordinates, no array deformations, perfect elimination of bottom interacting energy). Such accuracies are not to be expected under experimental conditions.

Remarks, Notes, Introduction and Other Guest-Editorial Texts Prefacing Postmodern Culture's Special Fiction Issue Devoted to Postmodern Fiction

Remarks, Notes, Introduction and Other Guest-Editorial Texts Prefacing Postmodern Culture’s Special Fiction Issue Devoted to Postmodern Fiction Larry McCaffery Dedication: For Ronald Sukenick and William T. Vollmann The Final Measurement: Guest-Editor’s Remarks Prefacing Postmodern Culture’s Special Fiction Issue Devoted to Postmodern Fiction I *Epigraphs* I. 1 Was there no end to anything? When would he reach the final measurement? William T. Vollmann, Fathers and Crows I. 2 As writers—& everyone inscribes in the sense I mean here— we can try to intensify our relationships by considering how they work; are we putting each other to sleep or waking each other up; and what do we awake to? Does our writing stun or sting? We can try to bring our relationship with readers to fruition that the site of reading becomes a fact of value —Charles Bernstein, Artifice of Absorption I. 3 “You see what’s happening here you take a few things that interest you and you begin to make connections. The connections are the important thing they don’t exist before you make this. This is THE ENDLESS SHORT STORY.” —Ronald Sukenick, The Endless Short Story II *Editor’s Preview of Contents for the Issue:* I. Epigraphs: I. 1. From William T. Vollmann I. 2. From Charles Bernstein I. 3. From Ronald Sukenick II. Editor’s Preview III. Editor’s Prefatory Note IV. This Is Not the Introduction: Games that Fiction Anthology Editors Play—Towards a Consideration of the Aesthetic Conventions of the Fiction Anthology as a Literary Genre. IV. 1 “. . . Unusual formal principles and aesthetic features . . .”? “. . . despite the inherent fascination involved . . .”? IV. 2 List of Fiction Anthology Categories and Potentially Useful Postmodern Applications IV. 3 Additional Bonus For Critics Developing a Postmodern Aesthetics of the Fiction Anthology Who Are Also Interested in Postmodern Music. IV. 4 Establishing the process of collaborative interactions between anthology’s editorial introduction and fiction selections (a process which joins these two seemingly different forms of discourse into an aesthetic unity; summary of the absurdities, limitations, and inherent deceitfulness that arise from following out-dated approaches to such introductions; sequential listing of the topics resulting from adhering to these conventions. IV. 5 Postmodern Textual Practices and the Editorial Introduction V. Introduction: Cancelled (See Editor’s Apology) V. 1 Fiction Selections Coded for Postmodernist Features Appendix A: Kathy Acker introductory comments V. 2 Contributors’ Notes VI. Appendices B, C, D, E, F. Fiction Selections in the Issue: Kathy Acker, “Obsession” Robert Coover, “Title Sequence for The Adventures of Lucky Pierre” Ricardo Cruz, “Five Days of Bleeding” Rikki Ducornet, “From Birdland” Rob Hardin, “Dressed to Kill Yourself” Annemarie Kemeny, “Attempts on Life” Marc Laidlaw, “Great Breakthroughs in Darkness (Being, Early Entries From The Secret Encyclopedia of Photography”) William T. Vollmann, “Incarnations of the Murderer” *III. EDITOR’S PREFATORY NOTE:* Waist Deep in the Big Muddy I began writing some of the following material in late May and early June 1992, just before I departed San Diego for a nine-week stay in Tokyo to begin work on a project (“Postmodernism in Japan”) funded by an N.E.H. summer research fellowship. Although traces of that initial draft remain embedded in the current version (mostly in Part V), what readers now have before them differs so significantly in content and approach from my earlier drafts that for all practical purposes the two are completely different texts. During that May-June period when I began to develop my editorial introduction, I had already accepted five pieces of fiction for the issue—this out of the total number of six or seven selections, agreed upon by myself and Eyal Amiran, Postmodern Culture’s co-editor, when I accepted his offer to guest-edit a focus of his and John Unsworth’s journal devoted to Postmodern Fiction. Thus I began my editorial introduction assuming that I had only to make an additional one or two selections for the issue, insert a few extra remarks into the draft of my introduction regarding the relevance of the new material to the issue as a whole, contact the authors when I returned from Tokyo on 8–31 to make certain they had sent Eyal their selections on computer...

Source modelling of the rolandic focus

In rolandic epilepsy, consideration of the stereotyped ictal symptomatology suggests that the epileptic zone is likely to be in the same cortical structure in different patients. Routine EEG tracings of the interictal spike activity suggests a deep Sylvian fissure location. On the basis of the predominantly tangential potential field at the peak spike negativity seen in this group of patients, the inferior bank of the Sylvian fissure appears to be a good candidate. Without invasive studies, little refinement to this rather imprecise localization can be made as there is neither neurologic deficit nor lesion to provide a marker on radiological imaging. However, the application of source modelling technique using a simple single-dipole spherical head model has resulted in improved understanding of the generator behaviour, and facilitated the generation of new ways of analyzing spikes (e.g., stability index). Review of newer quantitative approaches including matrix and singular value decomposition of the dataset, spatial-temporal constrained source estimates etc. suggest other fruitful approaches. At least in some patients with partial epilepsy, the source characteristics of interictal scalp spikes appear to contain information of the ictal generator. Under certain circumstances, such derived information which is not otherwise available from routine electrophysiology may influence clinical management and prognosis. This is an additional bonus to the primary objectives of quantification and data reduction.

Depression and the menopause.

The linking of the menopause with depression is pervasive in lay and medical discourse, despite limited supporting evidence. Historically, myths relating to menstrual taboos, as well as attitudes towards fertility and aging, have produced an image of the menopause as a time of physical and emotional decline. In the 19th century the menopause was thought to cause insanity, and it was only as recently as 1980 that the diagnosis of involutional melancholia was removed from the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.1 With the development of hormone replacement therapy, treatment of menopausal women shifted from the domains of psychiatry and psychoanalysis to gynaecology and endocrinology. Initially prescribed for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms, hormone replacement therapy is now recommended for preventing osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease and improving quality of life.2 In the past few years interest has increased in the possible psychoactive properties of hormone replacement therapy. It has been proposed that oestrogen might cure “menopausal depression” and that it might offer an additional bonus of increased wellbeing or quality of life for non-depressed, healthy women. Defining the menopause as an oestrogen deficiency disease implies that the cause of depression lies in a woman's hormones. This has important implications for the way middle aged and older women's views and behaviours are perceived in …

The Chemistry and Packaging of Nanocomposite Confined Arrays

ABSTRACTThe miniaturization of electronic and optic devices has revolutionized response times, energy loss and transport efficiency. An additional bonus is that as one approaches the nanosize regime the presence or absence of a few atoms and the geometrical disposition of each atom can significantly modify electronic and photonic properties. This control can be further supplemented by “packaging” assemblies of atoms or molecules into thin film or nanocomposite bulk materials to define surface states, cluster environment and geometry, intercluster interactions, and consequently, a wide tunable range of optical and charge carrier responses.The chemist is presented with an intriguing challenge. First the clusters must be unisized with identical geometries. Secondly, the atom or molecular assemblies should ideally have perfect periodicity in order to rigorously define optoelectronic densities and intercluster tunnelling. A third requirement is that the nanocomposite be processable, generally in the form of thin films or single crystals. Numerous approaches are being undertaken in achieve these goals, including molecular beam and atomic layer epitaxy, molecular sieve inclusion chemistry, molecular capping of inorganic clusters, porous glass and aerosol synthesis. This paper presents a brief review of the interface chemistry associated with nanophase confinement and packaging and some features of three dimensional surface confinement using molecular sieves and zeolites.

A Brief Overview of Musical Ensembles with Brass Instruments in European Festivals of State

And there was musicperformed. Historical literature is chock full of annoyingly vague references such as this to musical instruments. Indeed, one soon becomes both frustrated and discouraged in attempting to ferret out really meaningful eyewitness accounts in hopes of discovering something that adds substantially to our knowledge of instruments and performance practices. Fortunately, there is one extremely fruitful corpus in this regard that helps fill this gap in a substantial way, with the additional bonus of cogent and reliable engravings depicting the scenes described: the specialized genre known as festival books. Part of a 300-year-old tradition of commemorating and preserving historically significant but otherwise ephemeral events of state by means of permanent written and visual records, these often sumptuous volumes, more often than not large and elegantly conceived, were produced upon command in limited quantities for a discriminating and elite audience of peers in order to broadcast and perpetuate for all times the festivities celebrating important political affairs, such as coronations, marriages, births and baptisms of progeny, official entries and state visits, peace treaties, oaths of allegiance and fidelity and state funerals.' Fortunately, many of these books describe in detail the musical performances that took place at these festivals. Some present us with both text and pictures, while others offer brief, tantalizing references without any illustrations of musical ensembles. Conversely, some volumes contain engravings of musicians without any significant references in the text to theirperformances. In themain, however, festival bookscan with provide us with important written and visual clues concerning the role of music in these events of state, the instrumental and vocal ensembles that provided this key ingredient, sometimes even organological details, and information on contemporary performance practices as well. Let's look at a few of these festivals from the perspective of the brass instruments that participated in the music-making.

CP violating asymmetries in B s decays into Λ

Decay modes such as B s →Λ λ, λ Λπ, Λ λϱ are ruther unique among baryonic B decays in having only one isospin amplitude. The Λ Λ mode has the additional bonus of having, in the standard model, no phase difference between its s and p partial waves. Rates, governed by a loop process, are estimated to be a few times 10 −5 and around 10 −4, for two- and three-body final states, respectively. The CP violating rate asymmetries are given by loop-tree interference and may reach 7%. The Λ polarization and the CP violating asymmetries in the polarization between B s and B s decays, will serve as an additional tool to study decay mechanis ms and to discriminate among models of CP violation.

The UMKC medical education experiment. An alternative pathway to physicianhood

The UMKC plan for medical education offers an alternative pathway for motivated high achievers with early evidence of health care commitment. Essentially, such a program is an honors program for the academically elite. The UMKC plan makes a large, sustained effort to influence attitude. In our descriptive literature and in our curriculum content, we have emphasized that we seek health care talent at the earliest age possible and that we use these formative years to enhance, to influence, and to inculcate the qualities of compassion, sensitivity, honesty, integrity, dependability, and responsibility. The reason for early admission is to influence attitude. We hold to the national standards in terms of science and technology, and all graduates have been required to pass Parts I and II of the National Board of Medical Examiners examinations. The graduate of this program, using performance in the first postgraduate year as a measure, is comparable with the product of the traditional eight-year concept, with a dividend of two extra years of career time. The UMKC program is not for all students; it is not offered as a replacement for the traditional American system. However, a proper distribution of medical admissions spaces should be made that takes advantage of the high level of ability, commitment, and dedication already present in the best of our high school students. A program such as the UMKC plan offers the prospect of educating American physicians, fully prepared technically but especially concerned with the important attitudinal values sought by the American public. Ward Darley, MD, was a consultant and guide during the founding years of this medical school. In his words, "The UMKC program is aimed at humanizing medicine, lowering the cost per student for education, providing a pool of dedicated physicians educated broadly enough to provide community leadership for future changes in the function and structure of society." Dr Darley's anticipation that this six-year program would lower the cost of medical education was always inherent in the simple arithmetic of six years compared with eight. These fiscal savings have been realized by our students and their parents. The additional bonus of two years of medical career is another kind of cost savings. However, the economy of the UMKC program is not the merit by which to judge. Instead, it should be judged on the basis of the opportunity to influence attitude and conduct and to inculcate an unusual quality of caring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

A graduate student’s view of the international congress of mathematicians

Alas, the hordes of frustrated mathematics s tudents failed to material ize (I suppose Berkeley is not the place it once was), and we had to be content with the scheduled events at the opening ceremonies. The Berkeley Congress was not only my first ICM, but my first professional meet ing as well. Hence, I was natural ly excited and curious about it. That it was held in Berkeley was an additional bonus, for it provided me with an oppor tun i ty to visit friends in the Bay Area and to spend time in my favourite city. The prospect of hav ing my first con fe rence be the quadr i enn ia l gather ing of the world 's mathematicians was somewhat daunt ing, especially as I did not expect to know or meet anyone . These fears were abandoned dur ing the first morn ing w h e n I saw people I knew and met several graduate and undergradua te s tudents . A sizable cont ingent of s tudents seemed to be at the Congress. In addi t ion to myself and other opportunistic graduate s tudents , there were many undergrad-

RUWEL‐Werke GmbH, Geldern, W. Germany

Milestones in the history or progress of any industry are always of interest but an additional bonus is the opportunity to meet some of those pioneers responsible for creating them. It was, therefore, an unexpected pleasure and privilege, during a recent visit to the RUWEL production facilities in the Lower Rhine region, to exchange a few words with Mr Fritz Stahl, head of the RUWEL Corporation and managing director of the Group.

Timely Diagnosis by Cardiotocography of Critical Fetal Reserve Due to Fetofetal Transfusion Syndrome

In a review of 90 twin pregnancies monitored by antenatal cardiotocography there were 8 cases of subsequently proven fetofetal transfusion syndrome. In 2 of these evidence of severe fetal stress had indicated immediate delivery; the 4 babies survived in circumstances that were perilous. In 1 case there was no evidence of critical fetal reserve but the recipient twin died, this probably representing an acute fetofetal transfusion during labour. In the 5 milder cases with no evidence of stress on cardiotocography, all babies survived and they required minimal or no treatment for problems relating to the fetofetal transfusion. In multiple pregnancy the cardiotocograph offers the additional bonus of detection of fetal compromise due to fetofetal transfusion.

Detection of large-scale ocean circulation and tides

As emphasized recently by Munk & Wunsch, the traditional methods of monitoring the ocean circulation give data too hopelessly aliased in space and time to permit a proper assessment of basin-wide dynamics and heat flux on climatic timescales. The prospect of nearly continuous recording of ocean-surface topography by satellite altimetry with suitable supporting measurements might make such assessments possible. The associated identification of the geocentric oceanic tidal signal in the data would be an additional bonus. The few weeks of altimetry recorded by Seasat gave a glimpse of the possibilities, but also clarified the areas where better precision and knowledge are needed. Further experience will be gained from currently projected multi-purpose satellites carrying altimeters, but serious knowledge of ocean circulation will result only from missions that are entirely dedicated to the precise measurement of ocean topography.

A Compton suppression spectrometer (CSS) for in-beam gamma-ray spectrometry

It is shown that the peak-to-background ratio in complex gamma-ray spectra, such as those observed in the study of (HI, xn) type reactions, cannot be improved by the use of larger detectors to the same extent as the nominal peak-to-Compton ratio ( P/ C) given for a simple spectrum with very few transitions. A Compton suppression spectrometer (CSS) is described which provides an important improvement of the background level. As an additional bonus several parasitic lines, e.g. the annihilation line, are strongly attenuated. Examples from a study of the 165Ho(α, 2n) 167Tm reaction are presented.

Charge transfer: symmetrised non-resonance in fast or slow collisions

A novel and refined theory of charge transfer is introduced using multicomponent kets. The two-state non-resonant impact parameter version for fast collisions is developed using two-components kets, and is shown to have all the attributes of the refined orthogonal treatment of Bates (1958). An additional bonus is that the matrix elements are symmetrised, thus eliminating any post-prior discrepancy. The two-component ket ensures a complete set, viewed from the space of momentum translation factors, and at finite internuclear separations permits the correct assessment of the quantal change in translational kinetic energy of the electron being captured. The theory is also extended to cover more than two states and indeed the molecular treatment of two or more states at low velocities.

Health hazards in the production and processing of some fibers, resins, and plastics in Bulgaria.

Results of the toxicological studies of working conditions, general and professional morbidity, and complex examinations carried out on workers engaged in the production of polyamides, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyester fibers and poly (vinyl chloride) resin, urea-formaldehyde glue, glass fibre materials and polyurethane resins are given. An extremely high occupational hazard for workers in the production of poly (vinyl chloride) resin and porous materials from polyurethane resins and urea-formaldehyde glue has been established. Cases of vinyl chloride disease, poisoning from formaldehyde, isocyanates, and styrene were noted. Prophylactic measures were taken in Bulgaria to lessen the occupational hazard in the productions as set forth included limitation of the work day to 6 hr, free food, additional bonus and leave, and annual physical examinations of workers.

Health Hazards in the Production and Processing of Some Fibers, Resins, and Plastics in Bulgaria

Results of the toxicological studies of working conditions, general and professional morbidity, and complex examinations carried out on workers engaged in the production of polyamides, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyester fibers and poly (vinyl chloride) resin, urea-formaldehyde glue, glass fibre materials and polyurethane resins are given. An extremely high occupational hazard for workers in the production of poly (vinyl chloride) resin and porous materials from polyurethane resins and urea-formaldehyde glue has been established. Cases of vinyl chloride disease, poisoning from formaldehyde, isocyanates, and styrene were noted. Prophylactic measures were taken in Bulgaria to lessen the occupational hazard in the productions as set forth included limitation of the work day to 6 hr, free food, additional bonus and leave, and annual physical examinations of workers.

Estimation of Reactivity Worths by Local Calculation

Localized changes in a reacting system generally lead to a recomputation of neutronic behavior. The calculation involved can be simple (first-order perturbation theory applied for small changes), or complex (a complete system-wide recomputation for large alterations). In this paper, we consider changes in an isolated portion of a system, changes that are too large for accurate prediction using first-order perturbation theory. Unless the alteration is excessively large, we should still expect the neutron distribution a few mean-free-paths from the altered region to change only slightly. We exploit the idea that localized changes can be dealt with more simply by decoupling the altered region (including a buffer zone) from the rest of the system. The spatial magnitude of the recomputation can then be reduced, with concomitant savings in effort and cost. Variational methods are used to predict the shift in k to second order. As an additional bonus, first-order estimates of the change in the flux and adjoint are calculated.

A phenomenological prescription for Regge cuts

We attribute the failure of the old Reggeized absorption model to the wrong relative phase of pole and cut. We propose a model for vector and tensor exchange in which the old absorption model is used to generate the cut coming from the component of the pole term with phase e − iπα( t) [planar duality diagram]. However, the absorption model cut obtained from the constant phase part of the pole term [non-planar duality diagram] is rotated in phase by 1 2 π . This model may be applied over a wide range of energy, but not, by crossing symmetry, at infinitely high energies. This prescription is used to discuss 0 − + 1 2 + → 0 − + 1 2 + reactions using a dual pole input with wrong signature nonsense zeros and SU(3) constraints. We are able to obtain the π −p → π 0n polarization and also the cross section inequalities and polarizations of hypercharge exchange reactions. Further, this model gives a quantitatively better understanding of the crossover zeros. An additional bonus is that from a nonsense choosing P′ input we obtain a P′ amplitude qualitatively similar to that found by FESR and the no-compensation form required by pure pole fits. Predictions of polarization in KN and KN charge exchange and πN → ηN are given.