Addition Of Tire Rubber Research Articles

Coupled effect of waste tire rubber and steel fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete

Abstract Studies in the literature indicate that while tire crumb rubber can be added to concrete to replace some natural aggregates, steel fibers need to be introduced to overcome the compromise in the mechanical properties of concrete, especially compressive and tensile strength, that would be caused due to the addition of tire crumb rubber exclusively. In the present study, a minimum content of steel fibers has been added to mitigate the negative impact of addition of tire rubber fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete. The tire rubber fibers content was varied from 1% to 3% by volume whereas steel fibers were added from 0.1% to 0.3% by volume only. In this way, the effectiveness of hybridized concrete using tire rubber and steel fibers was evaluated based on its mechanical properties. The results revealed that inclusion of steel fibers overcame the reduction in strength and toughness of concrete to which tire rubber fibers have been added. Concrete with 2% tire rubber fibers and 0.2% steel fibers showed better mechanical performance in terms of compressive strength (10%), split tensile (14.7%), flexural strength (6.6%), and flexural toughness indices ( T 150 D = 46 % T_{150}^D = 46\% , f 150 D = 45 % f_{150}^D = 45\% ) as compared to the concrete with only 3% tire rubber fibers.

Material compósito de argamassa e polímero: uma opção sustentável para a construção civil e reutilização de pneus inservíveis na cidade de Açailândia, Brasil

O presente trabalho fundamentou-se em produzir e estudar um material compósito formado por argamassa (cimento, areia e água) com a adição de um polímero (resíduo de pneus) visando minimizar custos da construção civil, problemas ambientais e de saúde pública, causados pelo descarte incorreto de pneus inservíveis na cidade de Açailândia, Maranhão, Brasil. Seis corpos de prova de formato cilíndrico foram produzidos com o intuito de delinear o sedimento, sendo que três destes foram reforçados com 70 g de borracha, processados com 20228 g de cimento, 2212 g de areia e 1,5 litros de água. Os outros três apenas com cimento areia e água. Foram realizados testes de desgaste por abrasão e compressão para caracterizar a argamassa no estado endurecido. Para teste de compressão, utilizou-se uma prensa hidráulica com intuito de mensurar a resistência mecânica da argamassa tradicional e da argamassa com adição da borracha de pneu. Os resultados mostraram a potencialidade de eficácia da argamassa desenvolvida com o composto de cimento, areia e água que possuíam as mesmas características da mistura da argamassa tradicional apenas com o diferencial da incorporação do polímero. No teste de resistência à compressão o compósito apresentou resistência superior à mínima indicada para o revestimento interno e externo dos traços com o agregado de borracha (NBR-7215), sendo constatado seu potencial como material isolante, resistência dos intemperes e preservação da temperatura do ambiente (NBR-13278), assim este material compósito atendeu aos critérios de ser uma opção sustentável tanto para a construção civil como para o meio ambiente.

Strength and Deformation of Sand-Tire Rubber Mixtures (STRM): An Experimental Study

Abstract Waste material such as used tires is increasing every year, which poses environmental problems. However, such material has been used in several geotechnical applications as alternative lightweight backfill in highway embankments and/or behind retaining walls, providing environmental, economic and technical benefits. These applications require knowledge of engineering properties of soil-tire rubber mixtures. The present study aims to show the possibility of tire rubber usage in sand by evaluating the shear strength and deformability of sand mixed with granulated rubber, in weight percentages between 0 and 50%. The tire rubber content was found to influence the stress-strain and deformation behavior of the mixtures. The shear strength of sand mixed with 10% or 20% tire rubber was higher than that measured for sand only. However, the trend for TRC = 30–50% was different. Samples with a rubber content of 30-50% exhibited a rapid decrease in the stress ratio compared with that of sand. The major principal strain at maximum stress ratio was found to increase with increasing tire rubber content. However, it was observed that the lateral strains (minor and intermediate principal strains) of samples reduced significantly with the addition of tire rubber to the sand.

Mechanical behaviour analysis of polyester polymer mortars reinforced with tire rubber fibres

Tires effective reutilization has become an important research topic in recent years due to the stockpiles increase that creates environmental problems. Recent European regulations forbid the tires burning and landfilling, setting several recycling objectives. Within this context, the reutilization of tire rubber recyclates into cement and polymer concrete materials, as reinforcement or aggregate replacement, has received lately a great attention. The present work aim is to analyse the modifications induced by tire rubber addition in the mechanical properties of polyester based polymer mortars (PM). The effect of different tire rubber fibre amounts (0.1, 0.4 and 0.5wt.%) were analysed in this investigation. Plain polymer mortar was also prepared for comparison. Mechanical behaviour of both reinforced and plain polymer mortars formulations was assessed by flexural and compressive tests. Flexural and compressive strength improvements were particularly significant for PM trial formulation reinforced with the higher amount of tire rubber fibres. The observed trend on mechanical properties seems to indicate that higher increases could be achieved with higher amounts of tire rubber fibres. Thus, further experiments will be required in order to determine the critical amounts of rubber fibre reinforcement that define the turning points on material trend behaviour of PM.

Thermal Insulation Particleboards Made with Wastes from Wood and Tire Rubber

The concept of sustainable buildings addresses the environmentally efficiency, with respect to energy consumption, by adopting products that offer thermal insulation. Moreover, use of wastes from different materials also contributes to obtain products for this application. The volume of wastes from timber industry and those from tires are an environmental problem. This study aimed to production and characterization of particleboards using wastes from wood and tire rubber with castor-oil polyurethane resin. Panels were produced containing only wood and also with addition of tire rubber. The properties determined were density, modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in bending, according to Brazilian Code NBR 14810-3 (2006), and thermal conductivity. Statistical analysis was conducted in physical and mechanical properties. Panels containing wood were classified as low density (0.55 g/cm³), while those with wood and tire rubber resulted in medium density (0.78 g/cm³). For mechanical properties, the addition of rubber resulted in increased of MOR and reduction for MOE. Superior performance for thermal conductivity was achieved for panels produced only with wood. However, samples with a mixture of wood and tire rubber also showed consistent thermal conductivity with similar products. Considering the results obtained, panels containing wood and tire rubber addition have potential for application as thermal insulation.

Particulate Composites with Wastes from Treated Wood and Tire Rubber

The segment of wood preservation is responsible for considerable waste generation, typically consisting of products not approved by quality control or post-consumer. Another type of waste to be considered is tire rubber, which accumulate due to deficiencies in logistics and fiscalization. Although it has been classified as intractable, tire rubber enables to add properties in products that promote the use of materials in particulate form. This study aimed producing and characterization of particulate composites containing CCB-treated Pinus sp. with addition of tire rubber, and castor oil-based polyurethane resin. Properties of particleboards were obtained according to Brazilian Code NBR 14810:2006. The results were compared by statistical analysis. It was observed that addition of tire rubber waste resulted in higher densities, and rubber proportion of 50% showed greater internal bond. In some cases, strength in bending of panels was in accordance with standards requirements and commercial products destined for acoustic conditioning, enabling different applications.

Effect of the surface treatment of recycled rubber on the mechanical strength of composite concrete/rubber

In this study, the influence of the addition of tire rubber in concrete was evaluated, to partially replace the fine aggregate of sand particles. The rubber fibers were also surface treated with different solvents to improve adhesion of the fibers to the concrete matrix. Compressive strength, slump test, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of concrete samples were performed at time intervals of up to 28 days. The results showed a decrease on mechanical property values after the addition of tire rubber without treatment as well as a decrease of workability. It was also observed that the tire rubber treatment with acetone caused an increase of the mechanical strength of the samples.

On the use of recycled tire rubber to develop low E-modulus ECC for durable concrete repairs

The durability of concrete repairs is often limited due to restrained drying shrinkage. In this study, recycled tire rubber is used to develop deliberately low elastic modulus and highly ductile ECC repair material so as to alleviate repair failure induced by restrained drying shrinkage. Emphasis of this study is placed on the influence of tire rubber on the mechanical properties and cracking tendency of ECC repair material. It is revealed that the addition of tire rubber in ECC mixtures dramatically improves the tensile ductility but lowers the compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus. In spite of the increase in free drying shrinkage deformation, the reduction in elastic modulus of ECC containing tire rubber is demonstrated to be effective in reducing the cracking tendency of ECC repairs, which suggests that an improved durability of concrete repairs can be achieved by ECC material containing recycled tire rubber.

Mechanical, rheological, morphological and water absorption properties of maleated polyethylene/hemp composites: Effect of ground tire rubber addition

Natural fibre composites were produced from maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and hemp fibres, while impact modification was performed via ground tire rubber (GTR) addition. Incorporation of hemp fibre increased significantly the tensile (strength and modulus) and flexural properties of the MAPE matrix. Impact strength however, decreased with increasing hemp content, but GTR addition led to a noticeable increase in impact strength (up to 50% at 10% GTR). Increase in hemp content produced also higher water uptake and longer saturation time. After ageing in water, the mechanical properties and thermal stability were unchanged for samples up to 30% hemp, but samples at higher concentrations showed some degradation.

Experimental analysis of the influence of crumb rubber addition on the short-term aging of Syrian asphalt

The use of rubber pavement technology, also known as ecological pavement, offers a solution to a problem of worldwide dimensions. The rubber-modified asphalt becomes an excellent alternative compared to conventional asphalt. A series of laboratory tests was conducted to evaluate the effect of tire rubber addition on the performance of asphalt and asphalt concrete produced in Syria. The paper is composed of three parts: the first part includes a literature review on asphalt aging and the use of modified rubber asphalt in pavement road applications. The second part emphasizes rheological properties of two types of Syrian asphalt hard and soft and analyzes the influence of short-term aging on each type of asphalt. The last part presents a comparison of properties obtained for both cases of nonmodified asphalt and crumb rubber-modified asphalt that have been subjected to short-term aging. Results show an improvement of the resistance to short-term aging for the crumb rubber-modified asphalt. It also demonstrates that adding tire rubber to asphalt improves the performance of asphalt concrete by increasing its stability and reducing permanent deformations.

Propriedades mecânicas do concreto com adição de borracha de pneus para pavimentos rodoviários

Brazil is considered a very rich laboratory of tropical soil and climate of great importance to geotechnical engineering and transport infrastructure. Paving consumes an extremely large quantity of materials, being the source of rational application of waste and rejected materials, being natural, altered, processed or modified. The production of waste by tire industry has been a growing problem, indicating the need for research to find out new ways for its reuse. This study deals with the evaluation of the mechanical properties of modified concrete with the addition of rubber fibers provided from tire crushing to be used in roadway pavements. Different concrete traces were produced, within which part of the fine aggregates were substituted by tire rubber in 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% in mass. Material characterization and mechanical experiment testing were performed, which show that, due to the great resistance loss and operational difficulties, the addition of tire rubber in concrete for pavements is not recommended. Key words: reuse, waste, tire rubber, paving, concrete, mechanical properties.

IMPACT RESISTANCE OF RUBBERIZED CONCRETE

In the present paper, an experimental work was carried out to study the effect of ground waste tire rubber addition on the mechanical properties and impact resistance of normal strength concrete (NSC) with and without silica fume. Three different volume ratios of cnunb rubber (lo%, 20%, and 30%) were used as a partial replacement of sand. Two different sizes of cylinders were tested , under indirect tension test to study the size effect. Impact compression according to ACI Committee 544's repeated drop-weight impact test was carried out on discs of 150 mm diameter , . ' ana 63 mm height. Test results showed that, the replacement of fine aggregate by 10% crumb , . rubber caused a small decrease in concrete compressive strength. The presence of crumb rubber of :,. small size in concrete increased its resistance to crack initiation under impact load. Tbe rubber of small sue bas no varticle brid.eiua effect, hence, the mode of failure of rubberized concrete under static and impact ~ompression&a~ the s&e as that of plain concrete. The ACI impact test failed to differentiate between the impact resistance of rubberized concretes with different rubber contents.

Influence of the surface treatment of tire rubber residues added in mortars

In this work it was evaluated the influence tire rubber addition in mortars in order to replace part of the sand (12% by volume). It was also intended to verify if the tire rubber treatment with NaOH saturated aqueous solution causes interference on the mechanical properties of the mixture. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, modulus of elasticity, and flow test were made in specimens of 5cmx10cm and the tests were carried out to 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days. The results show reduction on mechanical properties values after addition of tire rubber and decrease of the workability. It was also observed that the tire rubber treatment does not cause any alteration on the results compared to the rubber without treatment.

Paving Asphalts: Environmental and Flammabiuty Considerations

Abstract The evaluation of petroleum-based paving asphalts as a possible source of heavy metal pollution in soils and water, as well as the determination of combustion parameters—smoke mass and particle size distribution, and sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen during controlled burning—represented the main goals of this study. Special consideration was given to the changes in combustion behavior, smoke components, and heavy metal content introduced by the addition of tire rubber to the paving asphalt samples. The different analytical techniques applied were conducted on samples of pure asphalt cement (including different brands and grades), samples of asphalt rubber (with concentrations of 4%, 10%, and 18% of tire rubber), and samples of asphalt concrete taken from two different locations in the city of College Station, Texas. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to identify and quantify the heavy metals present in the asphalts. Zinc, manganese, and vanadium were the most prevalent ...