Addition Of TiO2 Nanoparticles Research Articles

Study of electrophysical properties of beryllium ceramics with the addition of microand nanoparticles of titanium dioxide

In the present paper the research results of influence of nanoparticles TiO2 additions in the range 0,1 — 2,0 wt. % on electrophysical properties of oxide-beryllium ceramics (BeO + TiO2) made of micropowders are presented. The electrophysical characteristics of synthesized ceramics modified with 30 wt. % TiO2 microand nanoparticles in the electric current frequency range of 100 Hz — 100 MHz were studied by the total complex resistance method (impedance). It is known that the introduction of TiO2 addition to the BeOceramics after heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere is accompanied by a significant increase in electrical conductivity and the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation in a wide range of frequencies. According to the results of the studies it was found that the addition of nanoparticles TiO2 into the (BeO + TiO2)-ceramics significantly reduces its static electrical resistance in comparison with the serial sample, and the specific conductivity of such ceramics significantly increases at high frequencies ~ 107 Hz. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles significantly increases the dielectric losses of the sample sintered in the temperature range 1530 — 1550 °C. The values of real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity of such ceramics and the tangent of the angle of dielectric loss are two times higher compared to the serial sample — BT-30 (B — beryllium, T — titanium). The obtained results are unique in their kind, due to the experiment with a rare and strategically important material — beryllium oxide and the possibility of synthesizing new nanostructures based on it.

Orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7−δ Superconductor with TiO2 Nanoparticle Addition: Crystal Structure, Electric Resistivity, and AC Susceptibility

This article reports the effect of a nanoscale addition of TiO2 on the structure and superconducting parameters of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y123). Polycrystalline compounds of Y123 with different percentages of TiO2, x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0, were fabricated using the thermal treatment method. An analysis using X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of Y123 phases for all composite samples. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis revealed the growth of grain size and decrease in porosity, with a sign of partial melting of grains for the samples with TiO2 addition. The magnetic and electric transport properties were investigated using AC susceptibility measurement and the four-probe method, respectively. It was observed that the superconducting transition temperature, Tc-onset, for a pure sample determined by ACS and 4PP was 95.6 K and 95.4 K, respectively. These values were found to decrease with the addition of TiO2, while the superconducting transition (∆Tc) improved with TiO2 addition except for the sample at x = 0.2 wt.%, which showed the broadest transition width. The sharpest superconducting transition (∆Tc) was observed for the sample at x = 1.0 wt.%, indicating that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles is expected to serve as artificial pinning centres and strengthen the connection among the grains in the Y123 ceramic.

Effects of TiO2, CuO, and SiO2 nanoparticles addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10 wt% Zn alloy

This paper presents the effects of adding TiO2, CuO, and SiO2 (1 wt%) nanoparticles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10 wt% Zn alloy. A set of composite alloys was produced by incorporating SiO2, CuO, and TiO2 nanoparticles to the Al-10 wt% Zn alloy. Optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with an Energy Dispersive Spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the microstructure of these alloys. The mechanical properties of the composite solders were assessed using the Vickers hardness tests. After a solution heat treatment at 500 K for 2 h, samples were immediately aged at 373 to 473 K for 2 h, followed by water quenching at 300 K. The experimental data indicated that Al-10 wt% Zn-1wt% SiO2 samples had the highest hardness values among all investigated composite alloys. The calculated porosity percentages of the composite alloys revealed that the Al-10 wt% Zn-1 wt% SiO2 samples had the lowest percentage. This finding can be attributed to the fact that these samples demonstrated the highest hardness values. The hardness of all composite alloys decreased with increasing the aging temperature with anomalous behavior at 443 K, where they had abnormally high values. The observed differences in the mean crystallite size, lattice strain, and dislocation density of the composite alloys, calculated from XRD data with increasing aging temperature, are attributed to the precipitation in Al-Zn alloys. The calculated values of the stress exponent and activation energy of composite alloys may be associated with grain boundary diffusion (GBD) as the dominant operating mechanism.

Chemical characterization and biological properties of titania/hydroxyapatite-promoted biomimetic alginate-chitosan-gelatin composite hydrogels

Ceramic nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite (HAP) and titania (TiO2) nanoparticles were commonly used as the reinforcing agent for biological materials due to their high chemical stability, low toxicity, outstanding biocompatibility and good bioactivity, which will be beneficial to enhance the physical, chemical and biological properties of composite hydrogels. To fundamentally improve the bio-applicability of alginate hydrogels, we attempted to fabricate titania/hydroxyapatite-promoted biomimetic alginate-chitosan-gelatin (Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT) composite hydrogels by physical blending method using HAP nanoparticles as both the reinforcing agent and the endogenous cross-linking agent, followed by surface modification through alternately electrostatic assembly of chitosan (CS) and gelatin (GT). Meanwhile, the effects of the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles on the pore structure, mechanical properties, swelling, biodegradability, biological mineralization ability and biological activity of Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT composite hydrogels were mainly studied. Experimental results showed that the resultant Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT composite hydrogels exhibited good 3D morphology with the porosity in the range of 86.90%–77.62% and pore size ranging from 210 μm to 90 μm. Moreover, the compressive strength and modulus of Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT composite hydrogels were significantly improved with increasing of TiO2 nanoparticles content and reached up to 0.329 ± 0.012 MPa and 0.558 ± 0.035 MPa, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) implied that the interfacial interaction between TiO2 nanoparticles and polymer in Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT composite hydrogels was inferred to be the hydrogen bond interaction. Furthermore, the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles could effectively regulate the swelling, in vitro biodegradation and biomineralization, and biological activity of the composite hydrogels. In particular, Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT composite hydrogels could exhibit good cell adhesion and cell proliferation activity. When the addition amount of TiO2 nanoparticles was 1.0% (w/v), Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT composite hydrogels exhibited the highest cell proliferation activity. In addition, with increasing of TiO2 content, the relative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of cells on the Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT composite hydrogels gradually increased, indicating that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles could also effectively promote cell differentiation. On account of these excellent physical, chemical and biological activities of Alg/TiO2/HAP-CS-GT composite hydrogels, they were expected to be applied in the field of tissue engineering.

Experimental study on the influence of adding TiO2 nanoparticles on practical ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system-the generation and rectification processes

The efficiency of the rectification process determines whether the ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system (AARS) can operate efficiently. Therefore, this paper experimentally investigates the effects of added TiO2 nanoparticles on the generation and rectification processes. The stable TiO2 ammonia-water nanofluids are prepared through an own preparation process and are circulated in the solution loop of the AARS. During the experiments, the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles is adjusted to explore the relationship between the generation and rectification processes and the amount of nanoparticles added. The reliable experimental data show that under the same working conditions, the circulation factor can be effectively reduced by up to 8% and the deflation ratio can be effectively increased by up to 10% on account of the growth of heat and mass transfer after adding the TiO2 nanoparticles, which results in a maximum increase of around 14% in system’ COP. According to later research, the improvement of rectification efficiency can also be attributed to the hydrophilicity of TiO2 nanoparticles. Overall, this paper provides reliable and practical experimental data and a new direction for improving the generation and rectification processes in AARS to facilitate the application of the system.

Reducing Soot Nanoparticles and NOX Emissions in CRDI Diesel Engine by Incorporating TiO2 Nano-Additives into Biodiesel Blends and Using High Rate of EGR

The developments in the field of nano-additives have increased in the recent years due to the desire to reduce the level of exhaust emissions in diesel engines. The soot characteristics of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were experimentally investigated using two concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as nano-additives (25 ppm and 40 ppm) blended with C20D (composed of 20% castor oil methyl ester and 80% diesel fuel) and 30% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The combustion of C20D + TiO2 increases brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 2.8% in comparison with neat C20D, while a significant reduction was obtained in BSFC 6.5% and NOX emissions were maintained at a level parallel with diesel. The results indicated that the technique involving a high EGR rate and the addition of 25 ppm and 40 ppm of TiO2 nanoparticles to the C20D exhibits better reductions in NOX emissions by 17.34% and 21.83%, respectively, compared to the technique comprising the use of C20D + TiO2 and C20D. The reduction in the total concentration of PM via the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles to the C20D was 26.74% greater than neat C20D and diesel. In contrast, the incorporation of a high rate of EGR with C20D +TiO2 increased the PM concentrations by 16.85% compared to the technique without EGR. Furthermore, the high concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles (40 ppm) in the C20D produced 19 nm smaller soot nanoparticles compared to the 23 nm larger soot nanoparticles produced from the low concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles (25 ppm) added into the C20D. The current investigation reveals that the reduction in NOX emissions and the production of soot nanoparticles notably improved due to the synergic effect of EGR, the TiO2 nanoparticles, and biodiesel.

UV-shielding properties of a cost-effective hybrid PMMA-based thin film coatings using TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles: a comprehensive evaluation

This study aimed to assess the UV-shielding features of the PMMA-based thin film coatings with the addition of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as nanofillers considering different contents. Furthermore, the effect of TiO2/ZnO nanohybrids at different ratios and concentrations was examined. The XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX analyses characterized the prepared films' functional groups, structure, and morphology. Meanwhile, the coatings' optical properties and UV-protecting capability were investigated by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The UV–Vis spectroscopic study revealed that as the concentration of nanoparticles increased in the hybrid-coated PMMA, the absorption in the UVA region increased. Overall, it can be concluded that the optimal coatings for PMMA were 0.1 wt% TiO2, 0.1 wt% ZnO, and 0.025:0.025 wt% TiO2: ZnO nanohybrid. Considering the acquired FT-IR of PMMA with different content of nanoparticles before and after exposure to the UV irradiation, for some films, it was confirmed that the polymer-based thin films degraded after 720 h, with either decreasing or increasing intensity of the degraded polymer, peak shifting, and band broadening. Notably, the FTIR results were in good agreement with UV–Vis outcomes. In addition, XRD diffraction peaks demonstrated that the pure PMMA matrix and PMMA coating films did not show any characteristic peaks indicating the presence of nanoparticles. All diffraction patterns were similar with and without any nanoparticles. Therefore, it depicted the amorphous nature of polymer thin film.

Effect of hydrogen enrichment and TiO2 nanoparticles on waste cooking palm biodiesel run CRDI engine

In this study, we deal with the production and utilization of waste-cooking palm biodiesel (WCB) and.evaluated the influence of the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in hydrogen-enriched single-cylinder CRDI diesel engine. XRD, SEM, and EDX decide the structure and morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles. The TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in the tested fuels at a dosage of 50–75 ppm with the aid of ultra-sonication. Based on the oxidation stability study, the B20 + 75 ppm (TiO2) fuel blend is the pilot fuel for the engine test. Further, the engine is enriched with a hydrogen (H2) flow of 10 lpm. Results revealed that the performance parameters were improved with the addition of H2 enrichment and TiO2 nanoparticles compared to D. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine was improved by 8.21%. In comparison, brake-specific fuel consumption decreased by 42.86%. Furthermore, adding nanoparticles also reduced CO and HC emissions by 74% and 27.27%, respectively, whereas the NOx emission was slightly increased. Thus, the findings demonstrated that hydrogen-enriched nanoparticles added to biodiesel might be considered a substitute for fossil fuels and report a positive impact on diesel engine performance without requiring significant modifications.

Quadratic convection on the radiative flow of ternary nanofluid Gr–Ag–TiO2–H2O subjected to velocity slip and temperature jump

This paper deals with the analysis of the flow and heat transfer performance of ternary nanofluid flowing past a stretching sheet under the influence of quadratic convection. The ternary nanofluid is formed by suspending three different nanoparticles, namely, titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver (Ag) and graphene (Gr) in the base fluid water (H2O). Thus, the ternary nanofluid obtained is Gr–Ag–TiO2/H2O where the hybrid nanofluid Ag–TiO2/H2O forms the base fluid for the resulting ternary nanofluid. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles enhances the photocatalytic nature of the base fluid and makes it useful in various applications concerning the medicinal field. The presence of Gr helps in intensifying the thermal conductivity of water while the suspension of silver nanoparticles ensures chemical stability. Meanwhile, the thermophysical properties of the ternary nanofluid are mathematically defined and the system of equations that describe the flow of a ternary nanofluid past a stretching sheet is framed using differential equations. The outcomes of this study are interpreted through graphs for velocity and temperature profiles of the ternary nanofluid. It was mainly observed that the thermal conductance of ternary nanofluid was higher than the monophase and hybrid nanofluid. Also, the presence of quadratic convection had a prominent impact on the ternary nanofluid flow. The Nusselt number was found to be greater for spherical nanoparticles and it was found to be least for blade-shaped nanoparticles.

Scratch and corrosion behaviour study of electroless Ni-B reinforced with ultrasonicated nano TiO2

The present investigation is a study into the scratch and corrosion response of as-coated Ni-B-TiO2 as compared to the as-deposited Ni-B coatings. Ultrasonicated nano TiO2 particles were used to reinforce electroless Ni-B coatings. The presence of hard nano TiO2 particles improved the scratch hardness of the Nickel-Boron-TiO2 coatings. During the scratch test for an applied load of 20 N, the Nickel-Boron-TiO2 coating showed a decrease of 42 % in scratch width as compared to the Ni-B coatings. Corrosion behavior also showed remarkable improvement with the addition of nanoparticles. As compared to the Nickel-Boron coatings, the corrosion potential Ecorr improved by 5 % while the corrosion current density Icorr showed a 1.5-fold decrease for Ni-B- TiO2 coatings. The double-layer capacitance Cdl which is a qualitative indicator of the porosities present in the coatings was nearly halved with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles. The specimen underwent SEM analysis for the morphological study and scratch testing to determine the scratch hardness and corrosion behaviour to identify the electrochemical response to a corrosive environment.

The Problems of TiO2 Nanoparticle Additives in Food Additives

With the improvement of people's living standards and the development of the food industry, TiO2, as a food additive, has been increasingly applied in the food processing industry, such as a preservative, colorant, antioxidant, thickening agent, etc. It can play an antibacterial role in food processing, but can cause allergic reactions if used for a long time or in large quantities. For example, when TiO2 comes into contact with food, it will make the taste of some food deteriorate and even lead to severe food poisoning. In addition, if TiO2 cannot be completely decomposed during processing, some harmful substances will remain. Research shows that in most areas of our country there are some people with food allergies. It can be seen that TiO2, as a food additive, may have an impact on human body during food processing. Therefore, mixing with other substances should be avoided as far as possible. TiO2 nanoparticles have excellent nanoscale effect and dispersion, as well as high mechanical strength and chemical stability, so they have a broad application prospect in food additives. TiO2 nanoparticles can be used as food additives, mainly by the covalent bonding of iron and non-iron ions in polymer organic materials to form nano-scale TiO2 gel. The gel has a high specific surface area and porosity, and can be added to food as an anti-coagulant. Due to the size effect and dispersion of nanoparticles, nano-TiO2 gel has advantages such as better, faster synthesis speed and lower cost compared with traditional dispersants.

Enhanced mechanical and water resistance properties of cassava starch-PVA composites with TiO2 nanofillers for triboelectric nanogenerators films

The utilization of biopolymers for energy applications continues to attract researchers, due to the unique properties of biopolymers that are easily modified, such as cassava starch (CS) biopolymer that has hydroxyl molecular chains. However, the brittle, and non-waterproof nature of starch films is an obstacle to their use in triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) solid-solid films. This study aims to improve the physicochemical properties of cassava starch films by modifying them into nanocomposite films. The nanocomposite film was made from 70:30 CS/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite and variation of TiO2 nanoparticles addition using solvent casting method. The results showed that the mechanical properties of cassava starch film increased with the addition of PVA. Meanwhile, the addition of TiO2 above 1 wt % of the mechanical properties of the film tends to decrease. The film has low wettability properties with a contact angle of 83.6°. The performance of the nanocomposite film as a Rotary disc freestanding film (RDF-TENG) produces 4.4-fold the output voltage and 2.8-fold the current compared to the film without TiO2. This is a new finding that the CS/PVA-TiO2 nanocomposite film has the potential for TENG films in high-humidity environmental conditions

Electrospun biodegradable scaffolds based on poly (ε-caprolactone)/gelatin containing titanium dioxide for bone tissue engineering application; in vitro study

In this study, Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/Gelatin/TiO2 nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared using electrospinning. The effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) addition on morphology, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and cellular behavior, and antibacterial properties of PCL/gelatin scaffolds were investigated. Different amounts of TiO2 NPs (0.06, 0.6, and 1 w/v %) were incorporated into the polymer blend to form a homogenous nanocomposite solution. The experimental results exhibited that the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds was improved by incorporating TiO2 NPs, as shown by the water contact angle measurement. Also, the mechanical and thermal behaviors of fabricated scaffolds were enhanced. Moreover, Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were used to investigate the bioactivity and biocompatibility of scaffolds. The MTT assay results showed no toxicity effect for scaffolds. However, releasing reactive oxygen at the highest concentration of TiO2 was remarkably increased, resulting in cell toxicity. Hybridizing biopolymer with TiO2 nanoparticles improves its bone regeneration capability. Thereby, incorporating an optimum amount of TiO2 NPs into PCL/Gelatin composites could be a promising approach for bone tissue engineering applications.

Study of the Tribological Properties of Nano-TiO2 Additive Water-Based Lubricants in Microrolling of Ultrathin Stainless Steel Strips

Water-based nanolubricants with different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared and the wettability and viscosity were evaluated. The results show that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles improves the lubrication performance during microrolling of ultrathin stainless steel foils. In addition, the viscosity decreases dramatically with the increase in the concentration of nanoparticles, which was related to the change of dispersing agent concentration. Microrolling tests were performed to explore the lubrication conditions during microrolling of ultrathin stainless-steel strips, and the results showed that the refined surface quality of the rolled strips was achieved with 3.0 wt% TiO2. The improvement in surface quality can be attributed to the synergism of the rolling effect, polishing effect, protection film, and mending effect of TiO2 nanoparticles.

Design and fabrication of self-powered flexible P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/TiO2 fiber mats as nanogenerator for wearable applications

Polymer-based nanocomposite fibrous membranes are the basis of wearable flexible devices, but the application of high voltage poling, brittle material as dopants, or toxic compounds is the main challenge in the development of such devices. P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/TiO2 electrospun nanofiber mats are used in here to fabricate self-poled, lead-free, and flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators. Herein, self-poled, lead free, and flexible high performance piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are designed using the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/TiO2 electrospun fiber mats. Three phase nanocomposite mats with varying TiO2 concentrations are fabricated using far-field electrospinning method. In this study, we reported the effect of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on the viscoelastic property and piezoelectric output. The electroactive beta (β) phase fraction of P(VDF-TrFE) mats are observed to be enhanced as a result of the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles into the three phase nanocomposite films. The dielectric and viscoelastic properties are improved with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles. The designed piezoelectric device produced short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and piezoelectric peak power of 4.16 μA, 23 V, and 95.68 μW, respectively. These piezoelectric outputs are obtained with the optimization of TiO2 concentration and the PENG devices are subjected to elbow bending, wrist bending, and finger tapping. The piezoelectric output of three phase composite mats is almost 3.6 times higher than PENG made from P(VDF-TrFE) fiber, and the increment in the performance is due to the synergistic effect of ZnO and TiO2 in the P(VDF-TrFE) polymer matrix. PENG is used to display real-time demonstrations of body movement detection and biomechanical energy harvesting to power an LED bulb. The enhanced performance and robustness of the nanogenerator make the electrospun P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/TiO2 mat an excellent candidates for sensing and energy harvesting applications.

The Effects of Hybrid Nano addition on Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer VST50F Mechanical Properties

Purpose: To investigate the effects of hybrid nano (Tio2 – Al2o3) addition on maxillofacial silicone elastomer mechanical properties. Methods: A total of 70 samples were prepared and divided into 7 groups; control, 1% Tio2 (nano-titanium oxides), 2% Tio2, 1% Al2o3 (nano-alumina oxides), 2% Al2o3, 0.5% Tio2-0.5% Al2o3, and 1% Tio2-1% Al2o3. which was added to silicone elastomer. Samples were exposed to artificial weathering for 250 hours, then tested for tear strength and roughness tests. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA to determine the differences between groups. Results: After artificial weathering, a high increase in the mean value for tear strengths with an acceptable increase in the mean value for roughness was observed in samples containing 2% Tio2, followed by the samples with a hybrid of 1% Tio2-1% Al2o3, compared to the control and other groups. Conclusions: The addition of Tio2, Al2o3, and hybrid nanoparticles addition to maxillofacial silicone improved its mechanical properties. Hybrid nanoparticle filler reinforcement is encouraging for enhancing tear strength and roughness properties values for the longevity of maxillofacial silicone.

Understanding the interfacial interaction of TiO2 nanoparticles filled glass fiber/epoxy composites through dynamic mechanical analysis

ABSTRACT In a multi-component system, the interfacial interactions between the various components trigger the behavior of the composite under external loading and thus determine the bulk properties of the material. In the present work, composite laminates made from TiO2 modified epoxy reinforced with glass fiber are subjected to thermal loading and the effort is made to analyze the interfacial interactions through the experimental values of storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta. The loading of TiO2 nanoparticles in the epoxy resin is varied to also understand the effect of nanoparticle addition on the interfacial interactions through DMA. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles helped to increase the storage and loss modulus by improving the rigidity of the polymeric chain. To understand the effect of varying the loading of TiO2 nanoparticles and to gauge the optimum wt.% addition of such nanoparticle, Tan delta, the degree of entanglement and the coefficient of the effectiveness of the nanofiller is found and the results indicate that the laminates successfully withstand the applied thermal load when the TiO2 loading is kept at 2 wt.%. This optimum nanoparticle loading wt.% is further validated through the adhesion factor which is found with the help of Tan delta values.

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the mass transfer process of absorption of toluene: Experimental investigation and molecular dynamics simulation

Toluene is a typical representative of aromatic volatile organic compounds, and its elimination makes an important contribution to combating air pollution. In this work, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the mass transfer process during the removal of toluene by deep eutectic solvent (tetraethylammonium chloride and oleic acid) was investigated experimentally and theoretically. First, the removal effect of different nanofluids was evaluated by dynamic bubble absorption experiments. The concentration and particle size of TiO2 nanoparticles have a significant effect on the toluene removal performance of nanofluids. Toluene removal performance was improved with the increase of TiO2 concentration until the concentration increased to 0.1 wt %. However, However, when the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles increases further to 0.5 wt %, the toluene removal performance is weakened. It was also found that the mass transfer effect decreases as the size of the nanoparticles increases. In addition, the microscopic mechanism of mass transfer of toluene before and after the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction energy, radial and spatial distribution functions, and self-diffusion coefficient were calculated to provide molecular insights into the mass transfer mechanism. The results show that TiO2 nanoparticles improve the mass transfer performance of toluene without changing the mechanism of interaction between toluene and deep eutectic solvent. TiO2 nanoparticles increase the area of gas-liquid mass transfer or the diffusion rate of gas in the liquid phase to improve the mass transfer process.

Influence of nanoparticle additives on vibration characteristics in fluid film lubricated journal bearing using real time analysis

The rotating machineries in the power plant undergo through the vibrations during the working and create the severe effects such as whirl instability. In this work, vibration phenomenon is taken into consideration in the plain journal bearing used in the steam power plant. Three grades of Mobil lubricants (DTE 24, DTE 25, and DTE 26) are considered during the study. TiO2 nanoparticle additives are considered during the study as a lubricant additive to examine the vibration induced in the journal bearings. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2, 0.5 wt%) of size 40 nm are considered as a lubricant additive to enhance the properties of the lubricants. An experimental approach is presented in this work by opting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer. The signals captured by FFT analyzer are then processed on data acquisition software. Comparative analysis is carried out for three different lubricants with and without adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle additives to examine the vibration characteristics of journal bearings. Vibration characteristics such as accelerometer and acoustic pressure in the bearing are measured at speeds ranging from 500 rpm. to 1000 rpm at constant load of 1000 N on the hydrodynamic journal bearing. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of titanium dioxide as an additive on the vibration characteristics of the journal bearing such as variation in vibration and noise generated in the hydrodynamic journal bearing.

Properties Study of B20 Palm-Methyl Ester Biodiesel Added with Oxide Nanoparticle Towards Green Marine Fuels

Demand for low carbon emissions in the shipping sector has prompted alternative energy sources to reduce dependence on diesel petroleum for day-to-day operations. Biodiesel fuel has been identified as one of the alternative energy sources that can be used in marine engines. Biodiesel is a plant-based fuel, environmentally friendly, renewable, non-toxic and oxygenated. Despite having many advantages, it nevertheless contributes to a slight reduction in engine power due to its low energy content compared to diesel fuel. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of using different types of nanoparticle additives with different concentrations on the properties of biodiesel fuel. Nine test samples were prepared by blending B20 palm methyl ester biodiesel fuel with aluminium oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle by different concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm. Several series of fuel property tests were performed on the samples including density, viscosity, calorific value, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The test results showed that, the caloric value of B20 biodiesel fuel was increased from 44747 J/g to 45122 J/g, 45090 J/g and 45110 J/g with the addition of Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticle, respectively. The viscosity and density properties have also improved with the highest values found on the SiO2 blend of 3.7792 mm2/s and 820.36 kg/m3. The morphology study revealed that the structure of nanoparticles is in an amorphous state which is expected to contribute a large contact area, good stability and catalytic with a high combustion rate of blend fuel. All of these advantages are expected to contribute as a good catalyst to biodiesel fuel in order to produce optimal combustion of marine diesel engines and further reduce harmful gas emissions