Adaptive Regulation Research Articles

Activating transcription factor 4: a regulator of stress response in human cancers.

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is an adaptive response regulator of metabolic and oxidative homeostasis. In response to cellular stress, ATF4 is activated and functions as a regulator to promote cell adaptation for survival. As a transcriptional regulator, ATF4 also widely participates in the regulation of amino acid metabolism, autophagy, redox homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, ATF4 is associated with the initiation and progression of glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. This review primarily aims to elucidate the functions of ATF4 and its role in multiple cancer contexts. This review proposes potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMERGING AND TRADITIONAL IT BUSINESS MODELS IN A GLOBAL LANDSCAPE

This research aims to provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of emerging and traditional IT business models within the global landscape, addressing their scalability, sustainability, and the distinct challenges and opportunities each presents. Emerging IT business models, characterized by innovative technologies and disruptive market strategies, contrast significantly with traditional models, which rely on established technologies and stable market approaches. This study explores how these diverse business models adapt to rapid technological advancements and fluctuating market demands, thereby impacting global economic dynamics. By examining various factors such as activity type, organizational structure, ownership, market scope, technological focus, revenue models, and customer base, this paper categorizes IT companies into emerging and traditional sectors. Emerging sectors, driven by digital transformation and new market creation, offer high growth potential but face challenges in market acceptance and regulatory adaptation. In contrast, traditional IT sectors provide stability and incremental innovation but must continually adapt to prevent obsolescence and maintain competitiveness. The paper utilizes a mix of qualitative research methods to analyze the operational, financial, and strategic dimensions of IT companies. Case studies of leading firms in both sectors highlight the practical implications of different business models and their effectiveness in leveraging technological and market opportunities. This research contributes to the understanding of IT business dynamics, offering insights that could influence policy formulation, investment strategies, and corporate decision-making globally. It underscores the importance of strategic adaptability and proactive innovation management in sustaining business growth and competitiveness in the rapidly evolving IT industry.

Depressive symptoms in early adolescence: the dynamic interplay between emotion regulation and affective flexibility.

Individual differences in affective flexibility may be an important factor in understanding how emotion regulation is associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms. The current study explored the role of affective flexibility as a moderator in the relationship between the use of both adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in 65 young adolescents (11–13 years). Affective flexibility was indicated by the reaction time and accuracy index on the Emotional Flexible Items Selection Task. Emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms were assessed by the use of self-report questionnaires. Contrary to the hypotheses, affective flexibility did not moderate the relationship between emotion regulation and adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Instead, only a direct effect of the use of adaptive emotion regulations strategies on adolescents’ depressive symptoms was found. Additionally, post-hoc analyses revealed that there may exist an indirect relationship between affective flexibility and adolescents’ depressive symptoms through the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. These findings help to formulate a better understanding of how emotion regulation and affective flexibility in early adolescents are related to depressive symptoms.

Clinical differences between outpatients with and without internet addiction and emotional disorders: a prospective naturalistic outcome study.

as internet use becomes increasingly ingrained in contemporary society, internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a global public health concern. There is ongoing debate regarding whether IA represents a distinct psychological disorder or a secondary manifestation of other existing disorders. This study aimed to examine the pathological relationship between IA and emotional disorders (ED). this study compared pre-treatment characteristics and treatment process of three groups of patients (N=1292) in a naturalistic treatment setting: IA only, ED only, and comorbidity of IA and ED. the IA only group differed from the other groups by reporting the highest levels of life satisfaction, adaptive emotion regulation, as well as risk behavior urges at intake. In addition, the IA only group displayed the lowest level of depressive and anxiety symptoms throughout the treatment. our findings contribute to a better understanding of the discreteness of IA as a potential psychological disorder and inform more effective treatment strategies for IA and its comorbid conditions.

Integrated Path Following and Lateral Stability Control of Distributed Drive Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle

Intelligentization is the development trend of the future automobile industry. Intelligentization requires that the dynamic control of the vehicle can complete the trajectory tracking according to the trajectory output of the decision planning the driving state of the vehicle and ensure the driving safety and stability of the vehicle. However, trajectory limit planning and harsh road conditions caused by emergencies will increase the difficulty of trajectory tracking and stability control of unmanned vehicles. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the trajectory tracking and stability control of distributed drive unmanned vehicles. This paper applies a hierarchical control framework. Firstly, in the upper controller, an adaptive prediction time linear quadratic regulator (APT LQR) path following algorithm is proposed to acquire the desired front-wheel-steering angle considering the dynamic stability performance of the tires. The lateral stability of the DDAUV is determined based on the phase plane, and the sliding surface, in the improved sliding mode control (SMC), is further dynamically adjusted to obtain the desired additional yaw moment for coordinating the path following and lateral stability. Then, in the lower controller, considering the slip and the working load of four tires, a comprehensive cost function is established to reasonably distribute the driving torque of four in-wheel motors (IWMs) for producing the desired additional yaw moment. Finally, the proposed control algorithm is verified by the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment platform. The results show the path following and lateral stability can be coordinated effectively under different driving conditions.

Internet-based emotion regulation training aimed at reducing violent revictimization and depressive symptoms in victimized depressed patients: Results of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDepressed patients who have become victim of violence are prone to revictimization. However, no evidence-based interventions aimed at reducing revictimization in this group exist. MethodsThis multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of an internet-based emotion regulation training (iERT) added to TAU in reducing revictimization, emotion dysregulation, and depressive symptoms in recently victimized, depressed patients compared to TAU alone. Adult outpatients (N = 153) with a depressive disorder who had experienced threat, physical assault, or sexual assault within the previous three years were randomly allocated to TAU+iERT (n = 74) or TAU (n = 79). TAU involved psychotherapy (mainly cognitive behavioral therapy [77.8 %]). iERT comprised six guided online sessions focused on the acquisition of adaptive emotion regulation skills. The primary outcome measure was the number of revictimization incidents at 12 months after baseline, measured with the Safety Monitor. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. ResultsBoth groups showed a large decrease in victimization incidents. Mixed-model negative binomial regression analyses showed that TAU+iERT was not effective in reducing revictimization compared to TAU (IRR = 0.97; 95%CI = 0.64,1.46; p = .886). Linear mixed-model analyses demonstrated that TAU+iERT yielded a larger reduction of emotion dysregulation (B = −7.217; p = .046; Cohens d = 0.33), but not depressive symptoms (B = −1.041; p = .607) than TAU. LimitationsThe study was underpowered to detect small treatment effects. Additionally, uptake of iERT was quite low. ConclusionsAlthough TAU+iERT resulted in a larger decrease of emotion dysregulation than TAU alone, it was not effective in reducing revictimization and depressive symptoms. Patients' revictimization risk substantially decreased during psychotherapy.

Crystallization of Ethylene Plant Hormone Receptor-Screening for Structure.

The plant hormone ethylene is a key regulator of plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. Many ethylene-related responses, such as abscission, seed germination, or ripening, are of great importance to global agriculture. Ethylene perception and response are mediated by a family of integral membrane receptors (ETRs), which form dimers and higher-order oligomers in their functional state as determined by the binding of Cu(I), a cofactor to their transmembrane helices in the ER-Golgi endomembrane system. The molecular structure and signaling mechanism of the membrane-integral sensor domain are still unknown. In this article, we report on the crystallization of transmembrane (TM) and membrane-adjacent domains of plant ethylene receptors by Lipidic Cubic Phase (LCP) technology using vapor diffusion in meso crystallization. The TM domain of ethylene receptors ETR1 and ETR2, which is expressed in E. coli in high quantities and purity, was successfully crystallized using the LCP approach with different lipids, lipid mixtures, and additives. From our extensive screening of 9216 conditions, crystals were obtained from identical crystallization conditions for ETR1 (aa 1-316) and ETR2 (aa 1-186), diffracting at a medium-high resolution of 2-4 Å. However, data quality was poor and not sufficient for data processing or further structure determination due to rotational blur and high mosaicity. Metal ion loading and inhibitory peptides were explored to improve crystallization. The addition of Zn(II) increased the number of well-formed crystals, while the addition of ripening inhibitory peptide NIP improved crystal morphology. However, despite these improvements, further optimization of crystallization conditions is needed to obtain well-diffracting, highly-ordered crystals for high-resolution structural determination. Overcoming these challenges will represent a major breakthrough in structurally determining plant ethylene receptors and promote an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ethylene signaling.

An investigation into symptoms of depression and anxiety and emotion regulation among older adolescents from low-income settings in South Africa

IntroductionMental health conditions (MHC) among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa, are estimated to be high. Adaptive emotion regulation (ER) skills can protect against MHC among adolescents. In South Africa, there is limited adolescent mental health prevalence data as well as little understanding of the associations between MHC and ER among adolescents. This study aimed to address these gaps by describing the psychosocial characteristics of older South African adolescents from low-income settings as well as investigating associations between depression and anxiety symptoms and ER. MethodsWe selected 12 schools in collaboration with two NGOs. Learners aged 15–18-years were recruited to complete a tablet-based survey. ER, depression, anxiety, and other psychosocial measures were included. Two multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, other psychosocial factors, and ER. ResultsOf the 733 participants from 12 Western Cape schools, 417 (56.90%) screened at risk for clinically significant anxiety symptoms, 423 (57.70%) participants for depression symptoms, 229 (31.40%) participants for PTSD symptoms and 263 (35.90%) for risky alcohol use. Depression and anxiety scores were found to be significantly positively correlated with ER difficulties and adolescents struggled most with identifying and utilizing adaptive ER strategies. The adjusted linear regression model reported that female gender, clinically significant depressive, anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms and risky-alcohol use were all significantly associated with poorer ER scores, while self-esteem was significantly associated with better ER scores. ConclusionThese findings contribute to the South African adolescent mental health literature and to the research gap on the links between depression and anxiety and ER. Future research should consider further exploration of the relationships between psychosocial factors and ER to inform the urgent development and testing of appropriate adolescent interventions in this setting.

Exploring the dynamics: Biodiversity impacts of natural resource extraction with moderating influence of FinTech for sustainable practices in resource-rich nations

The relationship between biodiversity and natural resource extraction is a complex interplay where resource extraction can positively or negatively impact the diversity of life in ecosystems, depending on the specific context and management practices. Resource rich countries are facing this challenge to balance the growing economy natural resource needs against the richness of natural habitat. So, the study objective is to validate the non-linear impact of total natural resource extraction on biodiversity. For this purpose, 19 resource-rich countries have been considered from 2000 to 2021. A Common Correlated Mean Group (CCMG) specification is adopted in quantile regression to address cross-sectional dependence and non-normality of data. This model is specifically utilized to control for the spillover effects of natural resource markets across resource rich countries. According to the estimated results, an inverted U-shaped relationship is validated between natural resource extraction and biodiversity. Interestingly, the incorporation of financial technology encourages biodiversity. Further, the moderating effect of fintech evolves sustainable practices in natural resource extraction and promotes biodiversity. Energy intensity and population density as controlling factors of the model are damaging and improving biodiversity, respectively. Considering the inverted U-shaped relationship, policymakers are urged to design adaptive regulations that incentivize sustainable resource extraction practices. Using financial technology can play a vital role in promoting innovation and transparency, making it a critical strategy to consider.

High-entropy engineering with regulated defect structure and electron interaction tuning active sites for trifunctional electrocatalysis

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEANs) possessing regulated defect structure and electron interaction exhibit a guideline for constructing multifunctional catalysts. However, the microstructure-activity relationship between active sites of HEANs for multifunctional electrocatalysts is rarely reported. In this work, HEANs distributed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (HEAN/CNT) are prepared by Joule heating as an example to explain the mechanism of trifunctional electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reaction. HEAN/CNT excels with unmatched stability, maintaining a 0.8V voltage window for 220 h in zinc-air batteries. Even after 20 h of water electrolysis, its performance remains undiminished, highlighting exceptional endurance and reliability. Moreover, the intrinsic characteristics of the defect structure and electron interaction for HEAN/CNT are investigated in detail. The electrocatalytic mechanism of trifunctional electrocatalysis of HEAN/CNT under different conditions is identified by in situ monitoring and theoretical calculation. Meanwhile, the electron interaction and adaptive regulation of active sites in the trifunctional electrocatalysis of HEANs were further verified by density functional theory. These findings could provide unique ideas for designing inexpensive multifunctional high-entropy electrocatalysts.

DATA PRIVACY LAWS AND THEIR IMPACT ON FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES: A REVIEW

In an era where the digital transformation of financial services is both a boon and a battleground, this paper meticulously navigates the intricate relationship between Financial Technology (FinTech) and the evolving landscape of data privacy laws. With the digital economy's expansion, FinTech companies stand at the forefront of innovation, offering unprecedented financial inclusion and efficiency opportunities. However, this rapid advancement also raises significant concerns regarding data privacy and consumer protection, necessitating a delicate balance between innovation and compliance. This study aims to dissect the complexities inherent in this relationship, exploring the impact of data privacy laws on FinTech, regulatory compliance challenges, and opportunities for fostering trust and innovation within the digital financial ecosystem.
 Employing a qualitative research design, the paper delves into a comprehensive review of scholarly literature, legal documents, and regulatory frameworks to illuminate the multifaceted dynamics at play. The findings reveal a nuanced "Innovation Trilemma," where FinTech's drive for innovation often collides with the imperative for market integrity and regulatory clarity. The study underscores the critical role of ethical considerations in FinTech adoption, highlighting the importance of integrating ethical practices to safeguard consumer rights and data protection.
 Conclusively, the paper advocates for regulatory adaptability, ethical innovation, and collaborative engagement among stakeholders as essential strategies for navigating the complexities of the digital financial landscape. It calls for a concerted effort to foster an ecosystem where innovation thrives alongside robust consumer protection and market integrity, paving the way for a sustainable, inclusive and ethically grounded FinTech future.
 Keywords: Financial Technology, Data Privacy Laws, Regulatory Compliance, Innovation Trilemma, Ethical FinTech, Digital Financial Ecosystem.

Genome-Wide Prediction and Expression Characterization of the GATA Gene Family under Nitrogen and Phosphate Deficiency in Panax ginseng

GATA transcription factors are widespread in plants, exerting crucial functions in multiple processes such as flower development, photoperiod regulation, and light signal transduction. The GATA gene family has a key role in the regulation of medicinal plant adaptation to environmental stress. However, since the publication of the Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) genome-wide data, there has never been an analysis of the whole GATA gene family. To understand the function of the GATA gene family more broadly, the GATA gene family members in P. ginseng were predicted using an in silico bioinformatics approach. A comprehensive and systematic analysis encompassing chromosome scaffold, expression pattern, gene structure, and phylogeny was conducted. The results showed that a total of 52 GATA gene family members were recognized in P. ginseng, distributed across 51 scaffolds. Each member encoded a diverse number of amino acid residues, extending from 138 to 1064. Moreover, the expression levels of PgGATA genes were significantly altered by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stresses. The expression levels of PgGATA6, PgGATA11, PgGATA27, PgGATA32, PgGATA37, PgGATA39, PgGATA40, and PgGATA50 exhibited significant elevation under N deficiency, whereas PgGATA15, PgGATA18, PgGATA34, PgGATA38, PgGATA41, and PgGATA44 genes showed substantial upregulation under P deficiency. In addition, PgGATA3, PgGATA4, PgGATA14, PgGATA19, and PgGATA28 were substantially upregulated under both N and P deficiency. This research establishes a theoretical foundation for the thorough examination of the functions of the PgGATA gene family and its regulation by N and P fertilization during P. ginseng cultivation.

Redox-Regulated Synthetic Channels: Enabling Reversible Ion Transport by Modulating the Ion-Permeation Pathway.

Natural redox-regulated channel proteins often utilize disulfide bonds as redox sensors for adaptive regulation of channel conformations in response to diverse physiological environments. In this study, we developed novel synthetic ion channels capable of reversibly switching their ion-transport capabilities by incorporating multiple disulfide bonds into artificial systems. X-ray structural analysis and electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that these disulfide-bridged molecules possess well-defined tubular cavities and can be efficiently inserted into lipid bilayers to form artificial ion channels. More importantly, the disulfide bonds in these molecules serve as redox-tunable switches to regulate the formation and disruption of ion-permeation pathways, thereby achieving a transition in the transmembrane transport process between the ON and OFF states.

Redox‐Regulated Synthetic Channels: Enabling Reversible Ion Transport by Modulating the Ion‐Permeation Pathway

AbstractNatural redox‐regulated channel proteins often utilize disulfide bonds as redox sensors for adaptive regulation of channel conformations in response to diverse physiological environments. In this study, we developed novel synthetic ion channels capable of reversibly switching their ion‐transport capabilities by incorporating multiple disulfide bonds into artificial systems. X‐ray structural analysis and electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that these disulfide‐bridged molecules possess well‐defined tubular cavities and can be efficiently inserted into lipid bilayers to form artificial ion channels. More importantly, the disulfide bonds in these molecules serve as redox‐tunable switches to regulate the formation and disruption of ion‐permeation pathways, thereby achieving a transition in the transmembrane transport process between the ON and OFF states.

Association between the apoptotic effect of Cabazitaxel and its pro-oxidant efficacy on the redox adaptation mechanisms in prostate cancer cells with different resistance phenotypes

ABSTRACT Redox adaptation causes poor prognosis by adapting cancer cells to excessive oxidative stress. Previously, we introduced an oxidative stress-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) model (LNCaP-HPR) that redox adaptation reduced the effect of Cabazitaxel (Cab), the last taxane-derivative for metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). Whereas, we investigated for the first time whether there is an association between the altered apoptotic effect and pro-oxidant efficacy of Cab on the redox adaptation in PC cells with different phenotypes, including LNCaP mPC, LNCaP-HPR, C4–2 mCRPC, and RWPE-1 cells. Cab was shown pro-oxidant efficacy proportionally with the apoptotic effect, more prominent in the less aggressive LNCaP cells, by increasing the endogenous ROS, mitochondrial damage, and inhibiting nuclear ROS scavengers, p-Nrf2 and HIF-1α. However, the pro-oxidant and apoptotic effect was lower in the LNCaP-HPR and C4–2 cells, indicating that the drug sensitivity of the cells adapted to survive with more ROS was reduced via altered regulation of redox adaptation. Additionally, unlike LNCaP, Cab caused an increase in the p-NF-κB activation, suggesting that the p-NF-κB might accompany maintaining survival with the increased ROS in the aggressive PC cells. Moreover, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Cab were less on RWPE-1 cells compared to LNCaP but were closer to those on the more aggressive LNCaP-HPR and C4–2 cells, except for the changing pro-oxidant effect of Cab. Consequently, this study indicates the variable pro-oxidant effects of Cab on redox-sensitive proteins, which could be a target for improving Cab’s apoptotic effect more in aggressive PC cells.

Testing Biological and Psychological Pathways of Emotion Regulation as a Primary Mechanism of Action in Yoga Interventions for Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Interventions that promote adaptive emotion regulation (ER) skills reduce pain in patients with chronic pain; however, whether the effects of yoga practice on chronic low back pain (CLBP) are due to improvements in ER remains to be examined. This study will test whether the effects of yoga on CLBP (improved pain severity and interference) are mediated by improved ER, the extent to which effects are related to specific aspects of ER, and the role of pain sensitization as a mediator or moderator of effects. In this study, pain sensitization will be assessed by quantitative sensory testing and gene expression profiles to examine whether pain sensitization moderates yoga's effects on pain or whether yoga and ER abilities reduce pain sensitization, leading to decreased pain severity and interference. For this 2-arm parallel group blinded randomized controlled trial, we will enroll 204 adults with CLBP who will be randomized to receive the yoga (n=102) or a control stretching and strengthening (n=102) intervention, which are delivered via web-based synchronous biweekly 75-minute sessions over 12 weeks. Participants are encouraged to practice postures or exercises for 25 minutes on other days using accessible prerecorded practice videos that are sent to participants digitally. Participants will be assessed at 5 time points: baseline, midintervention (6 weeks), postintervention (12 weeks), and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Assessments of ER, pain severity and interference, pain sensitivity including somatosensory and gene expression profiles, and physical strength and flexibility will be conducted at each visit. The fidelity of the interventions is assessed using a manualized checklist to evaluate recorded group sessions to ensure consistent instructor delivery. The primary outcome will be the mean change in pain severity as measured by the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form at 12 weeks. The primary mechanism of action is ER measured by change in the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale total score. Secondary outcomes include pain sensitivity, physical strength and flexibility, pain interference, and quality of life. A mediation path analysis and series of moderated mediation path analyses will be conducted to test the study hypotheses. As of January 2024, we have enrolled 138 participants. We expect the study to be completed by May 2025. The study will provide important data for evaluating whether improvements in ER are responsible for reduced pain perception and pain sensitivity as well as increased quality of life in the context of chronic pain. The study findings have important implications for determining the mechanism of action for yoga and possibly other mind-body interventions as nonpharmacological therapies for pain management. The results of the study will inform the content, delivery, and measures for intervention trials involving yoga as a modality for relieving pain and improving function. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04678297; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04678297. DERR1-10.2196/56016.

Thermochromic Nanocellulose Films for Temperature-Adaptive Passive Cooling.

Energy efficiency in habitation spaces is a pivotal topic for maintaining energy sufficiency, cutting climate impact, and facilitating economic savings; thus, there is a critical need for solutions aimed at tackling this problem. One viable approach involves complementing active cooling methods with powerless or passive cooling ones. Moreover, considerable scope remains for the development of passive radiative cooling solutions based on sustainable materials. Cellulose, characterized by its abundance, renewability, and biodegradability, emerges as a promising material for this purpose due to its notable radiative cooling potential exploiting the mid-infrared (MIR) atmospheric transmission window (8-13 μm). In this work, we propose the utilization of thermochromic (TC) materials in conjunction with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) to confer temperature-dependent adaptivity to hybrid CNF films. We employ a concept where high reflection, coupled with MIR emission in the heated state, facilitates cooling, while high visible light absorption in the cold state allows heating, thus enabling adaptive thermal regulation. CNF films were doped with black-to-leuco TC particles, and a thin silver layer was optionally applied to the films. The films exhibited a rapid transition (within 1 s) in their optical properties at ∼22 °C, becoming transparent above the transition temperature. Visible range transmittance of all samples ranged from 60 to 90%, with pronounced absorption in the 8-13 μm range. The cooling potential of the films was measured at 1-4 °C without any Ag layer and ∼10 °C with a Ag layer. In outdoor field testing, a peak cooling value of 12 °C was achieved during bright sunshine, which is comparable to a commercial solar film. A simulation model was also built based on the experimental results. The concept presented in this study extends beyond applications as standalone films but has applicability also in glass coatings. Overall, this work opens the door for a novel application opportunity for green cellulose-based materials.

Discussing Sharing Investment in Vietnam

The emergence of sharing investment within the landscape of the sharing economy presents a transformative market model blending ownership and resource utilization. This research delves into the tech-driven and collaborative nature of sharing investment, drawing upon seminal works and the evolving economic terrain of Vietnam. It offers nuanced insights into the multifaceted dimensions, implications, and challenges stemming from regulatory gaps and complex responsibilities. Highlighting the necessity for an inclusive and transparent framework, the research advocates for flexible policies to harness the potential benefits of sharing investments while navigating inherent challenges. Through a thorough analysis, this study lays a foundation for future research and policy development in the dynamic realm of investment sharing in Vietnam.In addition to the foundational aspects, recent empirical findings underscore the revolutionary potential of sharing investment in Vietnam's by embracing cooperative ownership structures, technological integration, and community-centric approaches, sharing investment promises to foster financial inclusion, catalyze economic growth, and bolster societal welfare. However, realizing this potential necessitates overcoming several obstacles and establishing robust legislative frameworks. Regulatory adaptations must account for the innovative nature of sharing investments, safeguarding investors and ensuring market stability. In leveraging these strategies and capitalizing on the educated and technologically literate populace, Vietnam can harness the benefits of cooperative financial strategies, fostering equitable economic growth and societal advancement.

Gene expression plasticity followed by genetic change during colonization in a high-elevation environment

Phenotypic plasticity facilitates organismal invasion of novel environments, and the resultant phenotypic change may later be modified by genetic change, so called ‘plasticity first.’ Herein, we quantify gene expression plasticity and regulatory adaptation in a wild bird (Eurasian Tree Sparrow) from its original lowland (ancestral stage), experimentally implemented hypoxia acclimation (plastic stage), and colonized highland (colonized stage). Using a group of co-expressed genes from the cardiac and flight muscles, respectively, we demonstrate that gene expression plasticity to hypoxia tolerance is more often reversed than reinforced at the colonized stage. By correlating gene expression change with muscle phenotypes, we show that colonized tree sparrows reduce maladaptive plasticity that largely associated with decreased hypoxia tolerance. Conversely, adaptive plasticity that is congruent with increased hypoxia tolerance is often reinforced in the colonized tree sparrows. Genes displaying large levels of reinforcement or reversion plasticity (i.e. 200% of original level) show greater genetic divergence between ancestral and colonized populations. Overall, our work demonstrates that gene expression plasticity at the initial stage of high-elevation colonization can be reversed or reinforced through selection-driven adaptive modification.

Gene expression plasticity followed by genetic change during colonization in a high-elevation environment.

Phenotypic plasticity facilitates organismal invasion of novel environments, and the resultant phenotypic change may later be modified by genetic change, so called 'plasticity first.' Herein, we quantify gene expression plasticity and regulatory adaptation in a wild bird (Eurasian Tree Sparrow) from its original lowland (ancestral stage), experimentally implemented hypoxia acclimation (plastic stage), and colonized highland (colonized stage). Using a group of co-expressed genes from the cardiac and flight muscles, respectively, we demonstrate that gene expression plasticity to hypoxia tolerance is more often reversed than reinforced at the colonized stage. By correlating gene expression change with muscle phenotypes, we show that colonized tree sparrows reduce maladaptive plasticity that largely associated with decreased hypoxia tolerance. Conversely, adaptive plasticity that is congruent with increased hypoxia tolerance is often reinforced in the colonized tree sparrows. Genes displaying large levels of reinforcement or reversion plasticity (i.e. 200% of original level) show greater genetic divergence between ancestral and colonized populations. Overall, our work demonstrates that gene expression plasticity at the initial stage of high-elevation colonization can be reversed or reinforced through selection-driven adaptive modification.