Adaptive Management Model Research Articles

Low-Carbon Community Adaptive Energy Management Optimization Toward Smart Services

With the rapid development of society and the economy and the increasing seriousness of environmental problems, renewable energy and high-quality energy services in low-carbon communities have become popular research topics. However, a large number of volatile distributed generation power systems in the community are connected to the grid. It is difficult to stabilize and efficiently interact with fragmented and isolated energy management systems, and it is difficult to meet energy management needs in terms of low-carbon emissions, stability, and intelligence. Therefore, by considering operation costs, pollution control costs, energy stability, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, this article proposes a regional energy supply model called community energy Internet and builds a low-carbon community energy adaptive management model for smart services. Then, to address energy supply instability, an adaptive feedback control mechanism developed based on model predictive control is introduced to adapt to the changing environment. Finally, a long short-term memory-recurrent neural network-based Tabu search is introduced to prevent the multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm from easily falling into a local optimum. The simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively realize the optimal allocation of energy, which solves the problem of fragmented energy islands caused by distributed power access. This method has quality of service benefits for users, such as cost, time, and stability, and realizes wide interconnections, high intelligence, and low-carbon efficiency of community energy management.

Наукові основи розроблення кваліметричної моделі адаптивного управління професійною (професійно-технічною) освітою в регіоні

The paper is devoted to the scientific substantiation of the development of a qualimetric model of adaptive management of the development of vocational (vocational) education in the region. The urgency of this issue is noted in the conditions of variability of market environment. The results of the analytical review of literary sources of domestic and foreign scientists are presented. However, there is a lack of development of the scientific basis for creating qualimetric factor-criterion models of adaptive management of the development of vocational (technical) education. The paper talks about the need for the scientific development of accompanying materials for the development of vocational (vocational) education using a qualimetric approach that provides a quantitative assessment of quality using conditional points. The scientific basis of the development process is revealed through the consideration of its laws. Make sure the feasibility of developing regulatory models for assessing any objects in the system of vocational (vocational) education. The concept of transformation of external requirements into internal motives is presented. The mechanism for changing the managerial activity of a manager from vertical to horizontal control is determined according to the method of directed self-organization. The normative and real vectors of activity of workers are determined. They are incorporated in qualimetric models as weight coefficients, changing which you can change the direction of activity. The paper presents the structure of the mechanisms of adaptive management of vocational (vocational) education in the region. The content of the qualimetric standard for assessing the performance of the institution of vocational (vocational) education is disclosed. The development of hidden formulas for calculating the values of the partial evaluation of parameters, factors, criteria is given. Recommendations are given on how to fill qualimetric models in an Excel spreadsheet processor. The conclusions state that this qualimetric toolkit can be used to introduce internal and external quality assurance systems for educational activities of vocational (vocational) educational institutions.

Development of a conceptual model of adaptive management of human capital reproduction of industrial enterprises

The object of research is the adaptive management of the human capital reproduction of industrial enterprises. It is established that the management of the human capital reproduction of Ukrainian industrial enterprises is characterized by a complex of problems. Among them – a long lag from world standards for labor costs, which leads to a gap in the characteristics of human capital, hyperturbulence of the business environment. It is determined that the lack of scientific research in the field of adaptive management of the human capital reproduction enhances the depth of existing practical problems and makes it impossible to form an innovative economy in the country. This required the formation of a conceptual model of appropriate management.The expediency of the formation of adaptive control by the characteristics of adaptation when improving its meaningful definition is proved. The principal aspects of the new design, the “adaptation” concept are: continuity of changes, process as an activity, the interaction of the business environment and the system, the response to changes in the general environment, incorporation into the result of active and passive behavior of enterprises, the strategic context of adaptive changes. Based on the reaction and the time of its implementation, the main types of adaptive processes are identified.The elements of adaptive control are defined: signal, change, management cycle, control result. Based on the integration of these elements and the content context of the human capital reproduction management system, the concept of “adaptive management of the human capital reproduction of industrial enterprises” is constructed. The stages of such management and their tasks are determined. The scheme of the conceptual model of adaptive management of the human capital reproduction of industrial enterprises is formed.Based on a formal assessment of the structure and logic of building the model, its essential properties and the link, the conclusion about model verification is scanned.The practical implementation of the developed proposals allows to provide a quick and targeted response of enterprises to changes in the business environment regarding the adjustment of the characteristics of human capital. Unlike similar well-known models, the proposed format creates the basis for determining adequate directions of transformation of the reproduction process.

Safety in Numbers: Cost-effective Endangered Species Management for Viable Populations

Author(s): Donovan, P; Bair, LS; Yackulic, CB; Springborn, MR | Abstract: We develop a bioeconomic model to identify the cost-effective control of an invasive species (rainbow trout) to achieve a population viability goal for an endangered species (humpback chub) in the Grand Canyon of the U.S. Southwest. Solving the population viability problem is difficult since avoiding a threshold with a given confidence imposes a probabilistic restriction on joint outcomes (survival) over many periods. We develop a novel dynamic programming solution approach that is fast and forgoes the simulation method requirement of imposing structure on the policy function. We also investigate an adaptive management model that incorporates learning about uncertain biological dynamics. (JEL Q22, Q57).

Practising politics: Technical project templates and political practice in a DFID country office

AbstractDevelopment agencies including the UK Department for International Development (DFID) increasingly agree that if aid is to be effective, it should be politically smart and locally led. However, both the critical and the reformist literature have argued that development agencies persist with technical, template‐driven programming: political analysis and practice have not been widely institutionalized. This study aims to identify why development representations are persistently technical in their form, and what blockages have existed for developing locally grounded and politically aware programmes. The article presents an ethnography of the process of developing the core elements of the governance portfolio in an (anonymized) DFID country office. Focusing on a key design workshop, the study is situated within a wider organizational ethnography. The persistently technical justifications for programmes are a result of the bureaucratic form itself, its accountability and approval processes. Political analyses represent countries in such a way that officials can prioritize selection from a repertoire of technical models. However, scepticism about the tractability of governance problems to such analyses and programming has led to an emerging understanding of politics that creates space within the bureaucratic form for politically aware practice. Politically aware programming should emphasize good operational practice over explicit analysis and should continue to emphasize technical models like the adaptive management models which create room for such practice.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ АДАПТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

The paper explores and provides an argument to a conceptual perspective to building an adaptive management framework at the enterprise through insights into a range of different approaches to understanding of an adaptive management category and constructing a structural and logical pattern. The adaptation issues as such are critical for enterprises operating in a rapidly changing external environment, since the regularity of adjustment problems encourages the search for new effective solutions in terms of relevant responding to changes. The company adaptive management contributes to balancing supply opportunities against the changes in demand. Thus, it is crucial to implement changes through forecasting the external environment settings within the selected industry segments to design scenarios and possible demand for limited resources in the markets. For these reasons, while constructing the structural and logical framework for developing adaptive enterprise management, the factors affecting the external environment have been thoroughly investigated. The key specific feature of the conceptual approach in building effective adaptive management is its closed loop system underpinned by the major management principles. It is argued that since the free choice of input data related to the object under study (the enterprise) cannot be carried out, it seems hardly possible to construct an accurate model. The use of basic management principles to perform calculations for an adaptive management model against the reference model involves large-scale calculations triggering certain problems in real time. On the other hand, the benefits of the direct method are the possibility to adjust the parameters directly and reduce the number of calculations, thus eliminating the need to build an accurate model for the object under study (the enterprise). Since the configuration of adaptive management with augmented error tends to be more complicated, the paper suggests a relevant structural and logical framework to build effective adaptive management system in the enterprise.

A Reinforcement Learning Based Model for Adaptive Service Quality Management in E-Commerce Websites

Providing high-quality service to all users is a difficult and inefficient strategy for e-commerce providers, especially when Web servers experience overload conditions that cause increased response time and request rejections, leading to user frustration and reduced revenue. In an e-commerce system, customer Web sessions have differing values for service providers. These tend to: give preference to customer Web sessions that are likely to bring more profit by providing better service quality. This paper proposes a reinforcement-learning based adaptive e-commerce system model that adapts the service quality level for different Web sessions within the customer’s navigation in order to maximize total profit. The e-commerce system is considered as an electronic supply chain which includes a network of basic e- providers used to supply e-commerce services for end customers. The learner agent noted as e-commerce supply chain manager (ECSCM) agent allocates a service quality level to the customer’s request based on his/her navigation pattern in the e-commerce Website and selects an optimized combination of service providers to respond to the customer’s request. To evaluate the proposed model, a multi agent framework composed of three agent types, the ECSCM agent, customer agent (buyer/browser) and service provider agent, is employed. Experimental results show that the proposed model improves total profits through cost reduction and revenue enhancement simultaneously and encourages customers to purchase from the Website through service quality adaptation.

The longleaf pine forest: Long-term monitoring and restoration of a management dependent ecosystem

Conservation and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems is increasingly important due to negative impacts caused by expanding human populations, changing land use, and climate change. Understanding drivers of system processes supports efficient restoration and successful conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems. We describe a long-term forest monitoring program established as a component of a long-term ecological monitoring approach and used in conjunction with adaptive management to actively restore a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) system. Eight panels of 108 monitoring points were selected within our 11,740 ha study area near Newton, GA, USA using a Random Tessellation Stratified design with hierarchical randomization. Each year two panels were sampled, resulting in a complete survey of all points every four years. To date, data have been collected over four sampling intervals (2002–2017). Collected data included basic forestry measurements and quantification of understory conditions. For an initial analysis of the data, we calculated estimates and error of average volume, change in volume, mortality, diameter distribution, and ingrowth. Additionally, we compared effects of management practices, which varied between plots, on these estimates. The tree volume on the study area is comprised primarily of longleaf pine with ∼80% of this volume from trees ≥34 cm DBH. Pine tree volume increased by 13.29 (±2.03) m3/ha between Intervals 1 and 4. Pine mortality during each sample interval was relatively stable over the study period, 2.98 (±0.39) - 4.56% (±0.58), and primarily attributed to timber harvest. Management activities resulted in increased longleaf pine ingrowth and reduced hardwood volume. Our analyses indicate that through our management actions we have successfully made progress towards achieving our overall restoration goals for the site. Data collected from the long-term monitoring program were also used to provide information for scientific studies regarding water conservation in longleaf pine systems and wildlife-habitat relationships. As monitoring progresses, collected data will be used to assess progress and guide further restoration using adaptive management and dynamic reference models.

Energy Management using Optimal Fuzzy Logic Control in Wireless Sensor Network

Energy is a key factor that affects the lifetime of wireless sensor network (WSN). This paper proposes an adaptive energy management model to improve the energy efficiency in WSN. Unlike existing clustering routing protocols, the overall performance indicators are introduced as the inputs of fuzzy logic control (FLC). Meanwhile, the probability adjustment value, as the out of FLC, is fed back to the network for the generation of new clusters. Since the design of membership functions (MFs) of FLC has a significant impact on system performance, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize MFs and its optimization goal is to reduce the number of dead nodes and increase the remaining energy level in WSN. Simulation experiments were conducted for the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol (LEACH), the conventional FLC, FLC using genetic algorithm (GA), and FLC using PSO. The results show that the proposed FLC-PSO has the best performance among the four protocols and it can be used efficiently in energy management of WSN.

Peculiarities of forming an economic mechanism of climate change mitigation in forestry

The article substantiates the essence and approaches to the formation of an economic mechanism for mitigating the effects of climate change in forestry and its tools as a component of an adaptive forest management model. Based on the general theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, fundamental provisions of the economy of nature management, economic theory of sustainable development and management, the structure and components of the economic mechanism of mitigating the effects of climate change in the forestry industry have been proposed. It has been proved that such components of the economic mechanism should be target, functional and security blocks. The target block should be considered through the prism of its elements, which are the mission, goals, criteria for the purpose of evaluation, verification; functional block - planning and organization of activities, accounting and control of achieved results, marketing; security block - informational, resource, personnel, innovative, financial and economic support. It has been established that in order to ensure the effectiveness of the economic mechanism, its formation should be based on the principles of scientific substantiation, systemicity, flexibility, complexity, prevention of negative effects of climate change, transparency, justice and joint responsibility, as has been characterized in the article. The economic instruments for mitigating climate change in the forestry sector, which are classified according to the magnitude of the impact to the economic system: "strong"; "average"; "soft" have been defined as the elements of economic mechanism. "Strong" influence instruments include those that have a direct effect on mitigating climate change in the forestry sector and are related to administrative, control regulation. Instruments that are aimed at financial and economic stimulation of the behavior of economic actors in the medium-term strategy in the direction of providing ecologically balanced forest use, increasing adaptation potential of forests and forestry to climate change have been suggested as the instruments of "medium" influence. Instruments that determine the development of an environmentally oriented forest products and services market and have a long-term response time in the system of influence on the behavior of economic entities have been suggested as the instruments of "soft" influence. Research results can be used for scientific substantiation of improvement of forest management models in conditions of climate change and ensuring their practical implementation. Further research in this area should be related to the development of risk-oriented approaches to planning and multilateral decision-making with the participation of stakeholders.

Development of the model of minimax adaptive management of innovative processes at an enterprise with consideration of risks

The authors consider a discrete dynamic system, containing an object – the innovative process (IP). Its dynamics is described by the vector linear discrete recurrent ratio and is influenced by controlled parameters (controls) and an uncontrolled parameter (the vector of risk or obstacle). In this case, risks in the system of IP management at an enterprise will imply the factors that influence negatively or disastrously the results processes, considered in it. To solve the set problem, a general model of IP management for organization of minimax adaptive management in the selected class of permissible strategies of adaptive management was formalized. It was proposed to use a deterministic approach for modeling and solution of the original problem in the form of dynamic problem of minimax IP management (optimization of the guaranteed result) at a given moment of time, with consideration of risks. To solve the problem of minimax IP management in the face of risks, the authors propose the method that is reduced to implementation of solutions of a finite number of problems of linear and convex mathematical programming, as well as a discrete optimization problem. Solution of the set problem of minimax IP management allows obtaining the optimal guaranteed (minimax) outcome. For effective implementation of the resulting mathematical apparatus in practice of work of enterprises, the detailed model of multicriteria optimization of IP management at an enterprise in the face of risks was developed, which describes dynamics of the studied process to the full. Generated optimization criteria and the system of phase constraints of the model take into consideration possibilities of production capacities, as well as meet the requirements for IP. The proposed method makes it possible to develop effective numerical procedures that enable us to implement computer modeling of dynamics of the considered problem, to formulate adaptive minimax IP management at an enterprise and to obtain the optimum guaranteed results. The presented results could be used for economic-mathematical modeling and solution of other problems of optimization of processes of data forecasting and management under conditions of information deficit and existence of risks. In addition, the developed tools of modeling can be the basis for development of appropriate software and hardware complexes for supporting effective managerial decision making in practice.

ABOUT PRINCIPLES OF PRECEDENCE AND TRANSCENDENCE IN ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT (SOCIO-ECONOMIC-ECONOMIC CONTEXT)

The paper discusses the methodological aspects of the principles of adaptive management for socio-economic, economic-ecological and other systems. Adaptive management includes a set of methods that allow to change the parameters of the regulating system depending on management actions and outcomes and external impacts. Adaptive management is based inter alia on the principles of �precedence� (past experience) and �transcendence� (beyond experience). The principle of precedence includes past experience in decision making (study the problem "from the bottom"). Based on the definition of transcendence (something that is fundamentally unavailable to experiential knowledge or not based on experience), transcendental analysis is considered as analysis of complex nonlinear phenomena and processes with a high degree of uncertainty (study the problem �from the top�). The paper presents a conceptual model of adaptive management based on the principles of precedence and transcendence. This model includes the next steps: definition and general description of the object of adaptive management; study of the object "from the bottom", based on past experience; study the object of adaptive management "from the top", taking into account a kind of "absolute", which goes beyond the existing experience; vision of the system based on the incidence matrix, ranking of interests and threats; decision making taking into account improvement of previous decisions and implementation of idealized transcendental model. The concept of the principles of precedence and transcendence in adaptive management is considered in the paper in the context of incident theory in order to form the system vision and rank the system from the point of view of interests (as a resource of development) or threats (as an anti-resource of development)

АДАПТИВНА СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ

The article identifies that in order to ensure innovative development of domestic railway transport in the conditions of rapid changes in the external environment require a special flexible approach to the organization of the system of management of innovative activity which allows to quickly react to changes and adapt to them. Given the need for widespread innovation and a high degree of uncertainty of innovation processes the necessity of adaptive management to strengthen and enhance the innovative performance of railway transport. The developed model of adaptive management of innovative activity, in which functional subsystems is the monitoring of innovative environment, communication, coordination, organizational support and self-organization, including feedback on the basis of estimates of the parameters of the innovation environment.

Full annual cycle climate change vulnerability assessment for migratory birds

AbstractClimate change is a serious challenge faced by all plant and animal species. Climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are one method to assess risk and are increasingly used as a tool to inform management plans. Migratory animals move across regions and continents during their annual cycles where they are exposed to diverse climatic conditions. Climate change during any period and in any region of the annual cycle could influence survival, reproduction, or the cues used to optimize timing of migration. Therefore, CCVAs for migratory animals best estimate risk when they include climate exposure during the entire annual cycle. We developed a CCVA incorporating the full annual cycle and applied this method to 46 species of migratory birds breeding in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes (UMGL) region of the United States. Our methodology included background risk, climate change exposure × climate sensitivity, adaptive capacity to climate change, and indirect effects of climate change. We compiled information about migratory connectivity between breeding and stationary non‐breeding areas using literature searches and U.S. Geological Survey banding and re‐encounter data. Climate change exposure (temperature and moisture) was assessed using UMGL breeding season climate and winter climate from non‐breeding regions for each species. Where possible, we focused on non‐breeding regions known to be linked through migratory connectivity. We ranked 10 species as highly vulnerable to climate change and two as having low vulnerability. The remaining 34 species were ranked as moderately vulnerable. In general, including non‐breeding data provided more robust results that were highly individualistic by species. Two species were found to be highly vulnerable throughout their annual cycle. Projected drying will have the greatest effect during the non‐breeding season for species overwintering in Mexico and the Caribbean. Projected temperature increases will have the greatest effect during the breeding season in UMGL as well as during the non‐breeding season for species overwintering in South America. We provide a model for adaptive management of migratory animals in the face of projected climate change, including identification of priority species, research needs, and regions within non‐breeding ranges for potential conservation partnerships.

FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF AN AIRCRAFT CONTROL SURFACES WITH AN AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM

This article is devoted to studying of fault diagnosis of an aircraft control surfaces using fault models to identify specific causes. Such failures as jamming, vibration, extreme run out and performance decrease are covered. It is proved that in case of an actuator failure or flight control structural damage, the aircraft performance decreases significantly. Commercial aircraft frequently appear in the areas of military conflicts and terrorist activity, where the risk of shooting attack is high, for example in Syria, Iraq, South Sudan etc. Accordingly, it is necessary to create and assess the fault model to identify the flight control failures. The research results demonstrate that the adequate fault model is the first step towards the managing the challenges of loss of aircraft controllability. This model is also an element of adaptive failure-resistant management model. The research considers the relationship between the parameters of an i th state of a control surface and its angular rate, also parameters classification associated with specific control surfaces in order to avoid conflict/inconsistency in the determination of a faulty control surface and its condition. The results of the method obtained in this article can be used in the design of an aircraft automated control system for timely identification of fault/failure of a specific control surface, that would contribute to an effective role aimed at increasing the survivability of an aircraft and increasing the acceptable level of safety due to loss of control.

Application Resource Management for Highly Computational Applications in the Operational Environment: A Critical Review

Computational resources have such a significant influence on the operation of any software application, it is therefore important to understand how these applications utilize these resources. Modern resource-intensive enterprise and scientific applications are creating a growing demand for high performance computing infrastructures. They constantly interact with and rely heavily on complex resources. However, they often operate in resource-limited environments yet they often handle massive data, both in size and complexity. Software application services, processes or transactions compete for the much required but scarce resources. This creates the need to improve the existing resource allocation and management issue in such operational environments, as well as propose new ones, if necessary. Software developers try to analyze application operation environment using diverse analysis and design methods. Our aim therefore, is to design a tool that is able to work with a hybrid of adaptive and prediction-based resource management and allocation models while applying the priority based job scheduling algorithm to try and solve the application resource management challenges currently being faced in such environments, even if, partially.

Multi-object approach and its application to adaptive water management under climate change

This paper addresses issues on adaptive water management under the impact of climate change. Based on a set of comprehensive indicators of water system, a decision making approach of multi-objects is developed and applied to quantify water adaptive management for the demands of water sustainable use, water environmental protection and eco-water requirement under the climate change. For this study in China, two key indicators are proposed, namely (1) the water resources vulnerability (V) that was represented by integrated sensitivity (S) and resilience (C) of climate change impact on water resources, and (2) the sustainability of socio-economy and water environment, marked by DD, that is integrated scaler of socio-economic development (EG) based on the amount of GDP and the water environment and relative eco-system quality (LI). To find a reasonable solution for adaptive water management, a multi-objective decision making model of adaptive water management is further developed and the multi-objective model was transformed into an integrated single optimization model through developing an integrated measure function, called as VDD=DD/V. This approach has been applied to adaptive water resources planning and management for case study of China with new policy, called as the strict management of water resources based on three red line controls, i.e., the control of total water use by the total water resources allocation, the control of lower water use efficiency by the water demand management and the control of the total waste water load by water quality management in the Eastern China Monsoon Region that covers major eight big river basins including Yangtze River, Yellow River, Haihe River and Huaihe River. It is shown that the synthetic representation of water resource vulnerability and socio-economic sustainability by the integrated objective function (VDD) and integrated decision making model are workable and practicable. Adaptive management effect of the criterion compliance rate and water use efficiency are more appreciable through new water policy of the three red line controls, which can reduce 21.3% of the water resources vulnerability (V) and increase 18.4% of the sustainability of socioeconomy and water environment (DD) for the unfavorable scenario of climate change in 2030.

Community-supported slum-upgrading: Innovations from Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya

Slum upgrading is accepted as a priority for sustainable development. While there are clear challenges to upgrading, local support and community engagement are seen as essential to success. Typical “top-down” approaches led by institutions with power and resources may fail to generate local engagement. Conversely, initiatives led by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs) or other self-help groups may garner good community support but may lack institutional and material resources to meet objectives. A hybrid approach that engages the community while mobilizing the resources of governments and large agencies can overcome some of these limitations, but it is not without complications. We examine the process and impact of a slum upgrading pilot project in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya, that operationalized this hybrid approach by adopting an adaptive management model to promote community engagement. The project was part of the Government of Kenya's Kenya Slum Upgrading Program and involved the Kibera Water and Sanitation Project led by UN-Habitat's Urban Basic Services Branch. The project showed significant early success in building community engagement, but it also encountered significant challenges. We assess the project's success in building community engagement by (a) analyzing documents that reflected the institutional discourse related to the project, (b) examining the record of the implementation of the project, and (c) conducting field surveys and interviews to assess community perception of the project. Survey results show that critical infrastructure in the community has improved over the course of the project and expectations for continued improvement in the future have developed. The study concludes that using an adaptive management approach and strongly promoting community involvement should be the aim of institutions delivering slum-upgrading projects and that this can result in effective, successful development outcomes. While the approach does present significant risks of creating unrealistic expectations, the benefits to project management are clear.

Management in the Knowledge Society: Tendencies and Prospects

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilities and the prospects of management under the conditions of emerging knowledge society, defining fundamental management models and revealing their dynamics. Method/Statistical Analysis: Applying methods of social and philosophical analysis the authors study the prerequisites for modern society transformation, stipulated by the fact that knowledge is being turned into the basic factor predetermining social move to a new stage, to knowledge society. Such approach is based on the systematic method, according to which the knowledge society is treated as a complex system. Conceptual analysis of scientific studies in management and management sociology was conducted. Findings: It is shown that the process of moving towards the knowledge society results in appearance of a pronounced trend to abandoning the functional management principles and to developing management by objectives. This trend is expressed in decentralization of management, in abandoning the hierarchy and the administration-by-fiat management methods, in higher significance of the information component. The study justifies an assumption, according to which the increase in complexity and nonlinearity of the new organizational forms results in higher demand for adaptive management models based on applying such advanced solutions in information technologies as artificial neural networks and Аrtificial Life method. Due to wide-spread deployment of the network type organizations possessing complex systems of interconnections and interrelations, there is a probability of synergetic effects (fluctuations, occurrence of dissipative structures), which would require implementing nonstandard solutions in the sphere of management. Establishment and development of virtual organizational structures and virtual management processes make this trend even more pronounced. Applications/Improvements: Social and philosophical analysis of the principal trends and prospects for development of management in the knowledge society is not only theoretically but also practically focused and can be used by organizations/corporations interested in establishing effective management practices.

Two-Stage Interval-Parameter Stochastic Programming Model Based on Adaptive Water Resource Management

Water resource planning is often associated with system complexities and uncertainties, such as issues of precipitation randomness and complex the complexity of human social activities. In this study, a two-stage interval-parameter stochastic programming (TISP) model in conjunction with an adaptive water resource management (AWRM) model was applied. Compared to other optimization models, AWRM can address interactions between different water users and account for regional water exchange processes, and TISP models overcome the uncertainties of a water resource system by introducing interval-parameter and probability distribution methods. Reasonable solutions obtained by applying these models to a multi-water-resource, multi-region case show that in AWRM models, water can flow from a region of low efficiency to a region of high efficiency, improving water use efficiency. Under conditions of extreme scarcity, water can flow in the opposite direction thus ensuring regional minimum water requirements, enhancing system stability and reducing the probability of system paralysis. In policy making, optimistic water policies correspond to higher incomes but may be subject to higher risks of system failure. Alternatively, conservative policies are associated with a lower risk of system failure but easily waste water resources.