Adaptive Design Scheme Research Articles

Adaptive Free‐Will Arbitrary Time Tracking of a Class of Uncertain SISO Nonlinear Systems

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the free‐will arbitrary time (FWAT) tracking problem for a class of single‐input single‐output (SISO) strict‐feedback nonlinear systems without/with parametric uncertainties. First, we design an FWAT backstepping tracking controller for strict‐feedback nonlinear systems without uncertainties in a recursive manner. It is shown that the proposed virtual controllers and their derivatives are continuously differentiable for the backstepping design, and the tracking error converges to zero within the pre‐specified settling time independent of design parameters and initial conditions and remains at zero after the pre‐specified settling time. Second, we address the adaptive FWAT tracking problem of SISO strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties in the practical stability sense. The continuously differentiable and nonsingular time‐varying adjustment functions for practical FWAT tracking are developed to transform error variables for the recursive backstepping design. Then, the adaptive FWAT backstepping tracking design and stability analysis strategy are established to ensure practical FWAT convergence within the pre‐specified settling time independent of design parameters and initial conditions. The designed adaptive virtual and actual controllers are continuous for all . Furthermore, a practical adaptive prescribed‐time tracking scheme is provided using the proposed practical adaptive FWAT tracking scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical approaches is confirmed through a simulation example and an experimental result.

Interactive Interface Design for Adaptive and User Behavioural Habits

This study aims to explore adaptive interaction design in relation to user behavior habits, optimizing the user interface (UI) of mobile applications through statistical analysis of user habits. Specifically, the research analyzes user behavior regarding landscape and portrait browsing modes when using mobile applications. The results indicate that adjusting the UI according to different browsing habits can significantly enhance user satisfaction. Therefore, adaptive interaction design strategies play a crucial role in accommodating user behavior habits, contributing to improved user experience and satisfaction.

Assessing thermal comfort for the elderly in historical districts and proposing adaptive urban design strategies: A case study in Zhenjiang, China

Assessing thermal comfort for the elderly in historical districts and proposing adaptive urban design strategies: A case study in Zhenjiang, China

On the Emergence of Shipping Container Homes: Adaptation to Future Climate Projections

Upcycling shipping containers for housing is increasingly recognised as a sustainable solution to housing challenges, particularly in developing economies like Nigeria. This study evaluates the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of shipping container homes under climate conditions projected for 2080. Using meteorological data for Abuja and Lagos under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, a stand-alone shipping container home was simulated. The study incorporated fabric optimisation techniques, using polyurethane foam and polyisocyanurate board insulation, high-performance window glazing, and shading strategies. The findings reveal that without intervention, container homes would experience significant thermal discomfort, with annual discomfort hours exceeding 28°C in both cities. However, with insulation and shading, annual discomfort hours were reduced by up to 87%, and energy consumption decreased by 76%. These results highlight the critical role of insulation and shading in enhancing thermal comfort and reducing energy demand, making container homes a viable solution for sustainable housing in hot climates. The study underscores the need for policy support to promote the integration of advanced insulation and adaptive design strategies to ensure the resilience and sustainability of container homes in future climates.

Bioclimatic design approach in colonial office buildings architecture in Algeria

This study investigates the interaction between climate and colonial architectural heritage, focusing on the adaptive design strategies employed in office buildings constructed during the colonial period. Utilizing a bioclimatic approach and referencing Mahony's table, the research conducts a comparative analysis between the recommendations of bioclimatic design principles and the responsive design strategies adopted by French engineers during the colonial era. The objective is to determine whether these colonial-era buildings were constructed in accordance with local climatic conditions. The findings of this study shed light on architecture that effectively responds to climate, serving as an important source of inspiration for contemporary designers. This is particularly relevant at a time when the harmonious relationship between modern architectural design and climate challenges has diminished. This research contributes to a better understanding of the integration of bioclimatic principles in colonial architecture, offering valuable insights for developing sustainable and resilient design strategies in the face of current climate changes. By re-evaluating past practices, it proposes a thorough reflection on the importance of designing buildings adapted to environmental specificities, promoting a more ecological and contextual approach to contemporary architecture.

Laser Precise Synthesis of Oxidation-Free High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticle Libraries.

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) show exceptional properties and great potential as a new generation of functional materials, yet a universal and facile synthetic strategy in air toward nonoxidized and precisely controlled composition remains a huge challenge. Here we provide a laser scribing method to prepare single-phase solid solution HEA-NPs libraries in air with tunable composition at the atomic level, taking advantage of the laser-induced metastable thermodynamics and substrate-assisted confinement effect. The three-dimensional porous graphene substrate functions as a microreactor during the fast heating/cooling process, which is conductive to the generation of the pure alloy phase by effectively blocking the binding of oxygen and metals, but is also beneficial for realizing accurate composition control via microstructure confinement-endowed favorable vapor pressure. Furthermore, by combining an active learning approach based on an adaptive design strategy, we discover an optimal composition of quinary HEA-NP catalysts with an ultralow overpotential for Li-CO2 batteries. This method provides a simple, fast, and universal in-air route toward the controllable synthesis of HEA-NPs, potentially integrated with machine learning to accelerate the research on HEAs.

US macroeconomic determinants of Bitcoin

This study aims to determine the impact of macroeconomic variables on bitcoin prices in the United States. Bitcoin is one of the cryptocurrencies that has the highest price and the most users in the United States in recent years. This study uses monthly data on inflation, interest rates, USD/EUR rates, gold prices, and bitcoin prices. To achieve the objectives of this study, Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) and Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (MGARCH) were used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the variables of inflation, interest rates, and USD/EUR rates affecting the price of Bitcoin in that period. Conversely, there is a positive and significant relationship between the price of gold and the price of Bitcoin in the United States during that period. An in-depth understanding of how macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates and the USD/EUR rates affect Bitcoin price is key to making smart investment decisions in an increasingly complex crypto market. The findings of this analysis confirm that the significant relationship between macroeconomic variables and Bitcoin price provides deeper insights for investors to anticipate market movements and design adaptive investment strategies.

Exploration of Adaptive Environment Design Strategy Based on Reinforcement Learning in CAD Environment

Exploration of Adaptive Environment Design Strategy Based on Reinforcement Learning in CAD Environment

Sustainable development study of the post-disaster housing resettlement case in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia case study: Nglepen Village and Pagerjurang Village

According to Government Regulation No. 21 of 2008, chapter 67, article 3, the Government of Indonesia promotes community involvement in the post-disaster housing recovery act. The resettlement case in Nglepen Village and Pagerjurang Village is categorized as a rapid and massive recovery based on a contractor-based strategy due to limited land availability, budgetary constraints, post-disaster emergency conditions, and the government’s responsibility to provide large numbers of sufficient housing units. In specific circumstances, the condition of the relocation houses will typically not be able to meet the needs of most residents. This study emphasized the sustainable development of the two case studies and highlighted different private residential housing types: 1) a dome-shaped reinforced structure house in Nglepen and 2) a conventional reinforced concrete structural frame house in Pagerjurang. The two different structural housing system types will affect the sustainable development of the housing condition. Field surveys and interviews were conducted in 2022–2023 to collect the primary data, and study of literacy was used to support the findings and analyzed through a descriptive qualitative method. The sustainable development in the case study relocation area is mainly influenced by aspects such as the economic sector, development priorities related to the residents’ activities and needs, and the adaptive design strategy between old and new buildings. According to the disaster management law and derivative regulations, the Government of Indonesia has sought ideal conditions for disaster-affected residents in the relocation and reconstruction processes. The study’s conclusions suggested that the government, beneficiaries, and all stakeholders must collaborate to improve post-disaster housing and settlement relocation planning and reconstruction in the future by involving the residents in the process of deciding on the location, managing the development, and creating comprehensively sustainable development guidelines for the people’s houses and its living environment.

Adaptive stabilization of stochastic systems with polynomial nonlinear conditions, unknown parameters, and dead‐zone actuator

AbstractMany practical dynamic models always suffer from complex nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties and random noises. Such kind of models are always characterized by uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems. Besides, many factors will lead to dead‐zone actuator, which further adds more challenges to control engineering. This paper studies stabilization issue of stochastic systems with polynomial nonlinear conditions, unknown parameters and dead‐zone actuator. An adaptive control approach is proposed by exploring homogeneous domination control and using dynamic‐gain‐based adaptive design strategy. It shows that all the signals are bounded almost surely and the system states converge to the origin almost surely. The presented method is successfully applied to the mass spring mechanical system.

Adaptive design strategies for thermal comfort in waterfront campsites during summer in hot and humid regions

Camping has increasingly gained popularity as an outdoor leisure activity in China. This study investigated four spatial contexts within waterfront campsites in hot and humid regions, utilizing physical measurements and questionnaire surveys. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was employed to assess outdoor thermal comfort. Additionally, thermal index simulations were conducted using the ENVI-met model, establishing a linear relationship between simulated results and actual measurements. Results indicated: (1) Air temperature was the meteorological factor that significantly influenced campers' thermal sensations. (2) Campers in spaces with lower sky view factor (SVF) exhibited better adaptability to the thermal environment. (3) The thermal index simulated by ENVI-met overestimated participants' thermal sensations, leading to a proposed algorithm for refining the thermal index model. (4) Campers preferred low-intensity activities in low SVF spaces and moderate-to-high-intensity activities in high SVF spaces. The recommended campsite design involved a U-shaped planting arrangement and tall broadleaf tree species based on camper preferences. These findings assisted urban designers and planners in understanding and predicting campers' thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors in hot and humid regions, facilitating improvements in campsite design.

The adaptive reuse design strategies– focused on the case of the Tate Modern architectural competition

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the existing design strategies of adaptive reuse and compare the strategies with the significant case, Tate Modern, which was converted from a power plant into a museum through competition. It analyses the winning architect’s strategies compared to other participating architects’ and how they made the conversion successful. This paper uses quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyze the strategies by comparing the competition brief, the minutes of the assessors, the drawings of design proposals, and interviews. The research reveals that the winning architect better understood the potential of the original building and employed a strategy of amplifying it by adding the least architectural components and giving overall uniformity to the old and new elements instead of contrasting them. They made the space integrating and multi-layered, not a dry background nor a distracting space but a challenging space for new art. This result indicates that adaptive reuse has to begin with an in-depth analysis of the existing building, its potential, and stakeholder needs, unlike constructing a new one. In addition, the participating architects’ strategies went beyond the scope of the existing theories’ classification, which shows that existing theories should be supplemented with future research and revised.

Transforming Higher Education: Effective Strategies for Contemporary Curriculum Design

This study explores the transformative potential of contemporary curriculum design strategies in higher education, focusing on the challenges and opportunities presented by the era of digitalization and global competitiveness. Through a comprehensive literature review and qualitative analysis of case studies from leading universities worldwide, this research identifies effective approaches to curriculum design that foster interdisciplinary learning, digital literacy, and global competencies. The findings suggest that successful curriculum transformation requires a systemic and collaborative approach, involving the integration of technology-enhanced learning, project-based learning, and experiential learning opportunities. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of faculty development, student-centered design, and continuous curriculum evaluation and improvement. The insights derived from this research contribute to the ongoing discourse on higher education reform and provide practical recommendations for educational leaders and policymakers seeking to align curriculum design with the demands of the 21st-century knowledge economy. By embracing innovative and adaptive curriculum design strategies, higher education institutions can better prepare graduates for the complex challenges of an interconnected and rapidly evolving global landscape, while also enhancing institutional competitiveness and relevance in an increasingly digital and knowledge-driven world.

Sampling-based adaptive design strategy for failure probability estimation

Sampling-based adaptive design strategy for failure probability estimation

An Overview of Adaptive Designs and Some of Their Challenges, Benefits, and Innovative Applications.

Adaptive designs are increasingly developed and used to improve all phases of clinical trials and in biomedical studies in various ways to address different statistical issues. We first present an overview of adaptive designs and note their numerous advantages over traditional clinical trials. In particular, we provide a concrete demonstration that shows how recent adaptive design strategies can further improve an adaptive trial implemented 13 years ago. Despite their usefulness, adaptive designs are still not widely implemented in clinical trials. We offer a few possible reasons and propose some ways to use them more broadly in practice, which include greater availability of software tools and interactive websites to generate optimal adaptive trials freely and effectively, including the use of metaheuristics to facilitate the search for an efficient trial design. To this end, we present several web-based tools for finding various adaptive and nonadaptive optimal designs and discuss nature-inspired metaheuristics. Metaheuristics are assumptions-free general purpose optimization algorithms widely used in computer science and engineering to tackle all kinds of challenging optimization problems, and their use in designing clinical trials is just emerging. We describe a few recent such applications and some of their capabilities for designing various complex trials. Particle swarm optimization is an exemplary nature-inspired algorithm, and similar to others, it has a simple definition but many moving parts, making it hard to study its properties analytically. We investigated one of its hitherto unstudied issues on how to bring back out-of-range candidates during the search for the optimum of the search domain and show that different strategies can impact the success and time of the search. We conclude with a few caveats on the use of metaheuristics for a successful search.

Collision-free flexible performance tracking control against moving obstacles for underactuated surface vehicles with model uncertainty and input saturation

This paper presents a novel tracking control method based on a collision-free flexible performance function (CFPF) that allows us to preset tracking performance bounds for uncertain underactuated surface vehicles in the presence of moving obstacles and input saturation. In contrast to previous studies that have utilized flexible performance functions, we introduce a new CFPF combined with alteration signals to adjust the tracking performance against moving obstacles with unknown velocities. The CFPF-based adaptive control design strategy is established using the coordinate transformation method and auxiliary variables, where the CFPF tuning mechanism is derived from a Lyapunov-based tracker design. By employing the Lyapunov stability theory, we prove that the proposed method allows for the desired tracking performance adjustment, thereby ensuring trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance despite model uncertainty, input saturation, and unknown moving obstacles.

A socio-cultural perspective to semi-outdoor thermal experience and restorative benefits – Comparison between Chinese and Australian cultural groups

Thermal experiences in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments contribute significantly to the holistic experience of nature and its restorative benefits. Culture may be a significant factor influencing the large variations of human thermal perception in semi-outdoor and outdoor environments. This research aims to compare the differences in thermal pleasure, adaptive behaviours, and restorative benefits between two cultural groups, Chinese and Australian, undergoing identical exposures in semi-outdoor environments. Pretest-posttest experiments were conducted in climate chambers with 19 Chinese and 19 Australian participants. A multisensory immersive Virtual Reality method was adopted for the simulation of two semi-outdoor environmental scenarios, one providing only direct sunlight exposure and the other including the adaptive opportunity for subjects to select between direct sunlight or shade. When exposed to the sunlight-only scenario, most of the Chinese participants felt thermally unpleasant and engaged in sunlight avoidance behaviours, while majority of the Australian participants felt thermally pleasant and engaged in sunlight maximising behaviours. There were also significant differences in restorative benefits. Moreover, access to shade as an adaptive opportunity can potentially reduce cultural differences in thermal pleasure and restorative benefits resulting from outdoor exposures. Different notions of skin beauty between Chinese and Australian cultural groups (fair vs suntanned skin tone) may have contributed to divergent environmental attitudes regarding sunlight exposure, resulting in different thermal pleasure responses and adaptive behavioural patterns. The importance of culture-specific and inclusive design should be promoted by implementing adaptive design strategies to satisfy the diverse thermal preferences of semi-outdoor and outdoor users.

Design Adaptations in the Bathrooms for the Elderly Living in the Suburbs

The suitability of the bathroom design for the user, in this context, elderly people (elderly) is urgent. This urgency exists because a degenerative process has occurred, a decline in the quality of the elderly's body, and the elderly population continues to increase significantly. This study aims to find out the bathroom design approach model suitable for the elderly who live in the suburbs. By using practice-based research, this study has developed a conceptual bathroom design for the elderly who live in suburban areas and concludes that adaptive design is a suitable strategy to implement this design. In the future, this adaptive design strategy can also be applied to create various other spaces in homes for the elderly who live in the same or similar living environment.

DNA Vaccines to Improve Immunogenicity and Effectiveness in Cancer Vaccinations: Advancement and Developments.

DNA vaccine is a creative and promising method for cancer treatment. As part of cancer immunotherapy, one or more antigen-specific immune responses are triggered or strengthened using DNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy, which convey one or more genes encoded by tumour antigens to the immune system. Vaccine efficacy may be greatly increased by new delivery routes, the incorporation of molecular active ingredients and immunomodulatory signals, the modification of prime-boost protocols, or the inhibition of immunological checkpoints. It is possible to overcome the self-tolerance of many tumour antigens by using a mix of adaptive immune system and vaccine design strategies to generate protective adaptive immune responses. Both preventative and therapeutic vaccinations are being developed using this technology in several clinical investigations on DNA cancer immunotherapy. This study examines the immunogenicity and efficacy of DNA vaccines for immunotherapy.

Architectural space classification considering topological and 3D visual spatial relations using machine learning techniques

ABSTRACT The paper presents a novel method for classifying architectural spaces in terms of topological and visual relationships required by the functions of the spaces (where spaces such as bedrooms and bathrooms have less visual and physical relationships due to the privacy, while common spaces such as living rooms have higher visual relationship and physical accessibility) through machine learning (ML). The proposed model was applied to single and two-storey residential plans from the leading architects of the 20th century Among the five different ML models whose performances were evaluated comparatively, the best results were obtained with Cascade Forward Neural Networks (CFNN), and the average model success was calculated as 93%. The features affecting the classification models were examined based on SHAP values and revealed that width, control, 3D visibility and 3D natural daylight luminance were among the most influential. The results of five different ML models indicated that the use of topological and 3D visual relationship features in the automated classification of architectural space function can report very high levels of classification accuracy. The findings show that the classification model can be an important part of developing more efficient and adaptive floor plan design, building management and effective reuse strategies.