Heterogeneity of emotional responses to interpersonal stress in borderline personality disorder.

Metabolomics investigation of energy metabolism adaptation strategies of liver in female rainbow trout under critical thermal minimum conditions.

Stress responsivity and habitual behaviors are related to problematic online buying-shopping (BSh) according to the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. This study aimed to investigate if symptoms of problematic online BSh, an experimental indicator of habitual behavior and the interaction of potentially habitual behavior and stress responsivity predict everyday use of buying-shopping platforms. The study comprised participants with risky (n=27) and non-problematic (n=28) online BSh. A Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm with devaluation (PIT-dev) was administered. Changes of cortisol stress level after an acute stressor were measured. A subsequent end-of day ambulatory assessment captured use time of buying-shopping platforms for 14days. Multilevel analyses with collapsed groups were computed. Symptoms of problematic online BSh were related with higher everyday use of shopping platforms. The PIT-dev effect solely was not associated with use time of buying-shopping platforms but interacted with cortisol stress responsivity on use time. If stress responsivity was low, PIT-dev effect negatively influenced use time. If stress responsivity was high, PIT-dev effect showed positive associations with use time. The latter effect was more pronounced in persons with more problematic BSh. The findings indicate an interplay between stress responsivity and habitual behaviors on everyday use of buying-shopping platforms, aligning with the I-PACE model. Future research should investigate long-term longitudinal effects of habit formation in the development of problematic online BSh. Clinical implications include building and implementing functional habits for stressful events to counteract shopping-specific habits facilitated by stress.

Development and validation of machine learning models to predict PTSD at multiple time points in hospitalized trauma patients.

When resuscitation fails-Nurses' emotions and coping mechanisms after unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation: An integrative review.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide problem with a wide range of negative effects, and a broad literature has identified risk factors at the societal, relationship, interpersonal, and individual level associated with relatively stable differences in the likelihood of IPV. In addition, risk factors for IPV may be located within a given situation, promoting the use of violence by one or both partners. Based on two influential theories of aggression, the General Aggression Model and I3 theory, this article presents evidence on five situational risk factors for IPV: alcohol use, provocation and jealousy, acute stress, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the presence of firearms, and outlines implications for prevention.

Mild hyperthyroidism regulates the acute stress response in virgin female rats.

Genomic resilience to sequential environmental perturbations in two sympatric costal fish species.

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein as an indicator for acute hypothermal and salinity stresses in euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos).

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent neurocognitive complication in elderly surgical patients, marked by memory, attention, and executive function impairments. Its pathophysiology involves neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathologies, including amyloid-beta accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although often reversible, persistent POCD may accelerate neurodegeneration in high-risk individuals, underscoring the need for early biomarkers and targeted therapies. This review synthesizes current evidence on POCD mechanisms, risk factors, and management. Key findings highlight the role of neuroinflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, microglial activation) and shared pathways with AD, such as synaptic dysfunction and neurotrophic deficits. Major risk factors include advanced age, genetic susceptibility (e.g., ApoE4), and pre-existing cognitive decline. Emerging interventions-anti-inflammatory agents (minocycline, dexmedetomidine), neuroprotectants (melatonin, IGF-1), and non-pharmacological strategies (BIS-guided anesthesia, exercise)-show promise. Precision medicine approaches, including tailored anesthesia and repurposed AD therapeutics, could further improve outcomes. In conclusion, POCD lies at the intersection of acute perioperative stress and chronic neurodegeneration. Future research should prioritize biomarker validation, individualized prevention, and long-term cognitive monitoring to address the growing burden of POCD in aging populations.

Development of a dual-metric operational decision-support model for full-scale submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs).

BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with both physical and psychological stressors. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases; however, its role in CD remains insufficiently explored. AIM To evaluate HPA axis responses to acute/chronic stress in patients with CD and assess perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. METHODS This study involved two groups: (1) Surgical group: 22 patients with CD and 28 surgery-controls without inflammatory bowel disease; and (2) Outpatient group: 101 patients with CD and 52 positive-control patients with cancer. In the surgical group, acute stress was measured using six postoperative salivary cortisol samples and chronic stress was assessed by hair cortisol measurements. In the outpatient group, emotional distress was evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 questionnaire. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed for associations with stress, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS Hair cortisol levels were significantly lower in patients with CD compared to controls (median 6.375 pgF/mg vs 9.643 pgF/mg, P = 0.038), suggesting impaired HPA axis function in response to chronic stress. No significant differences in postoperative salivary cortisol levels were found between patients with CD and controls. According to Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 responses, 58% of patients with CD experienced elevated stress levels, while 27% and 24% experienced severe or extremely severe anxiety and depression, respectively. Higher Harvey-Bradshaw Index scores, smoking, and lower hemoglobin levels were independently associated with higher perceived stress and anxiety. Among the controls, 53% exhibited elevated stress levels, while 37% and 13% experienced severe or extremely severe anxiety and depression, respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with CD exhibit a blunted HPA axis response to chronic stress and high psychological distress - comparable to patients with cancer - highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary, holistic approach to disease management.

Proline metabolism supports the hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival by mitigating ROS generation under nutrient starvation.

Association of neural responses to acute psychosocial stress with relapse in depression.

Cellular and systemic sequelae of adolescent social stress: An overview of rodent research.

Heat stress cause large and recurrent economic losses in cotton production. We hypothesised that a natural glycyrrhizic–salicylic acid complex applied at nanomolar concentration would mitigate heat-induced oxidative damage, activate enzymatic antioxidants and improve biomass recovery across diverse cotton cultivars. Seedlings experienced acute heat stress (45 °C for 6 hr) followed by 24 hr recovery at 30 °C. We quantified growth (root/shoot biomass), hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde as damage markers and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. Treatment consistently decreased oxidative markers by ~40–60 % and increased antioxidant activities; biomass recovery improved across cultivars. At the field scale, using Uzbekistan-relevant economics, a conservative yield gain of 5–7 centners ha-1 of seed cotton (0.5–0.7 t ha-1) with a 33 % lint turnout converts to 0.165–0.231 t ha-1 additional fibre. Using recent international cotton prices (~0.66 USD lb-1 ≈ 1.46 USD kg-1), this equals 240–337 USD ha-1 extra revenue; after deducting treatment cost (125 mg ha-1 ≈ 24 USD ha-1), the net margin gain is ~215–313 USD ha-1. These findings indicate an environmentally safer and economically promising strategy to stabilise yields during heat extremes.

Acute stress disorder (ASD) among people ever infected with COVID-19 is prevalent and may lead to posttraumatic stress disorder. Soon after China relaxed their COVID-19 control measures in November 2022 or December 2022, the infection rate surged rapidly, creating huge uncertainty and stressful situations. Little is known about situations regarding ASD at the ending phase of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the potential of personal cognitive or emotional factors and environmental factors of ASD. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5545 people ever infected with COVID-19 aged 18-60 years from December 27, 2022, to January 9, 2023, living in 7 cities of China. The 5-item Chinese version of the Primary Care PTSD Screen was used to assess ASD. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors of ASD. The prevalence of ASD was 21.2% (1174/5545). Adjusted for the background variables, significant personal risk factors (COVID-19 infection severity, cognitions including perceived high reinfection risk and perceived weak acquired natural immunity, and emotions including worry about the long-term physical harms and panic about infection of older or younger family members), and significant environmental risk factors (difficulties in getting information and medical supplies, having unvaccinated older or younger family members, and having significant others with severe COVID-19 symptoms) were identified. The prevalence of ASD among people ever infected with COVID-19 was noticeable. It is warranted to identify those at high risk of developing ASD and provide them with care and early interventions to prevent deterioration. Such programs may consider targeting the modifiable risk factors found in this study.

The intensification of aquaculture often leads to dissolved oxygen depletion, posing a significant hypoxic stress to aquatic organisms such as the mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris). Identifying compounds that can mitigate hypoxic damage is therefore of great importance. This study investigated the protective effects of puerarin and dexamethasone against acute hypoxic stress in mudskippers. Four experiment groups were formulated: fish in the control group (HC) and the hypoxia group (HH) were injected with NaCl, fish in the puerarin group (HP) were injected with puerarin, and fish in the dexamethasone group (HD) were injected with dexamethasone, then the HH, HP, and HD groups were treated with a hypoxia condition sustained for 48 h. Compared with the HC and HP groups, the HH group showed significantly reduced activities of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and pyruvate kinase (PK) in the liver at 24 and 48 h. The gene transcription levels of GSK-3β and Akt in the liver and gill of mudskipper were the smallest, but p53, VEGF, HIF-1, and BNIP3 in the liver of fish in the HH group were significantly highest. The gene transcription levels of GSK-3β and Akt in the liver of mudskippers in the HP group were observably lower than those of mudskippers in the HD group at 24 h, but HIF-1 was significantly higher. On the contrary, at 48 h, the mRNA expression levels of GSK-3β and Akt in the liver of fish in the HP group were significantly higher than those of fish in the HD group, but HIF-1 was significantly lower. The results indicated that mudskippers suffering from hypoxia led to oxygen homeostasis disturbances and apoptosis, but exogenous puerarin or dexamethasone could mitigate the adverse effects. The mRNA of HIF-1 regulation has an important role in enhancing hypoxia tolerance.

Global climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of heat waves, posing a significant threat to livestock production. During heat exposure, the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity is a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of heat stress-induced intestinal injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are key consequences of heat stress at the cellular level. However, direct causal evidence linking ER stress to mitochondrial dysfunction in heat-stressed enterocytes remains limited. To investigate this, we used an integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic, and functional validation strategy to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular ultrastructure in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells under acute heat stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed extensive reprogramming, highlighting the significant enrichment of pathways related to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling. Untargeted metabolomics identified significant perturbations in amino acid and energy metabolism, as well as altered bile acid profiles. Functional assessments confirmed that heat stress severely impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, as evidenced by reduced maximal respiration and ATP production, and induced ultrastructural damage to mitochondria. The pharmacological inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) significantly attenuated the mitochondrial bioenergetic impairment and ultrastructural damage, whereas ER stress induction recapitulated these defects. We demonstrate that heat stress induces profound transcriptional and metabolic remodeling characterized by ER stress activation, which critically mediates subsequent mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and ultrastructural damage. Our findings suggest that targeting ER stress may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to ameliorate enterocyte mitochondrial dysfunction and mitigate heat stress-induced intestinal injury in livestock.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequently encountered in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, its clinical significance beyond being a simple rhythm disturbance remains debated. We hypothesized that AF at presentation may be associated with a high-risk clinical profile characterized by hemodynamic instability and increased inflammatory and ischemic activity. Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study included consecutive adult patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to a tertiary cardiology center between January 2022 and December 2024. Patients were classified into two groups according to cardiac rhythm at presentation: AF and sinus rhythm. Baseline demographic characteristics, hemodynamic parameters, laboratory biomarkers, validated risk scores, and revascularization strategies were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether AF was independently associated with a high-risk presentation, primarily defined by elevated GRACE risk score, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and increased inflammatory markers. Results: A total of 158 patients were included, of whom 50 (31.6%) presented with atrial fibrillation (mean age 71.2 ± 11.4 years, 46% female). Compared with patients in sinus rhythm, those with AF had significantly higher GRACE risk scores, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, faster heart rate, and higher white blood cell counts and peak high-sensitivity troponin levels. These associations remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Patients with AF also showed a numerically higher prevalence of severe angina at presentation. Conclusions: In patients presenting with ACS, atrial fibrillation is associated with a high-risk hemodynamic profile accompanied by increased inflammatory and ischemic activity. Rather than being an incidental finding, AF may represent a clinically relevant marker of acute cardiovascular stress and may contribute to early risk stratification in this setting.