Community engagement (CE) in autism research has been promoted as “good practice,” and is described through approaches such as co-production, participatory action research, and community-based participatory research. Although CE can enhance relevance and trust, its potential burdens or harms are rarely examined or disclosed to community members, and it is often implemented without evaluating its processes or outcomes. Limited attention is also given to values: the axiological foundations of CE and whether engagement is conducted with integrity. This perspective introduces an axiological lens to CE in autism research by arguing that researchers’ value commitments shape not only why engagement occurs but also how it unfolds and whom it benefits. After reviewing assumptions about CE being good practice, the costs and burdens associated with CE, and the lack of axiological analysis in autism research, it is argued that evaluating both processes and outcomes is essential. It then presents an “axiology of integrity,” which positions success in CE as coherence between stated values and actual research practices. Drawing on empirical and reflective scholarship, key process and outcome dimensions for evaluating CE are presented, and a seven-step framework to help researchers articulate their axiological perspectives is shared. This perspective contributes to sparse scholarship on axiology in autism research and offers a value-driven approach for strengthening CE with and for Autistic people and communities.

This study aimed to examine how educational leadership influences teachers' research engagement toward utilization of research for enhanced school performance using a sequential explanatory research design. Quantitative data gathered from 5-point Likert Scale questionnaires revealed that administrators' research-related leadership practices were rated to a great extent with consistent responses. Teachers' research engagement and practices were described as being at "some extent" and a moderate performance, respectively. Research outputs were moderately utilized across all indicators, with relatively varied responses. Regression analyses revealed that leadership does not significantly influence teachers' research engagement, nor does it significantly influence the relationship between teachers' research engagement and research utilization. However, a strong positive correlation was found between school research practices and research output utilization. Qualitative findings helped explain the quantitative results by highlighting educational leadership as a key motivator and support system. Themes such as strategic leadership, evidence-based governance, and capacity building were supportive of how leadership shapes research culture in schools. Research was perceived as influential in shaping school policies, improving pedagogy, and fostering professional growth. The extent of management, lack of time, motivation, resources, and skills emerged as barriers. The findings point to a disconnect between leadership support and actual research engagement that underscores the need for collaboration with the help of various stakeholders in strengthening a research-driven culture, promoting evidence-based decision-making in basic education and institutionalizing research. In response, a proposed intervention program was developed to enhance effective collaboration and utilization of research outputs toward school improvement.

The research paper examines the characteristics of agriculture within the context of the economy's ‎agro-industrial complex. It identifies the purpose of agricultural marketing, its nature, and its main ‎problems. The paper aims to fill the gaps regarding the detailed composition of agricultural ‎marketing and enhance the theory through actual research on marketing actions for the ‎sustainable development of agricultural enterprises. The analysis employs the 4P marketing model, ‎focusing on peasant farms in Azerbaijan's Samukh and Shamkir regions. A comparative ‎assessment of key production indicators within these peasant economies is conducted. Based on ‎the findings, the paper identifies the strengths and weaknesses of current marketing practices, ‎offering recommendations for their effective implementation‎.

<p indent="0mm">Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in China, and the yield of tomato in China ranks first in the world. The historical price data and price fluctuation data of tomato are of great significance for analyzing the factors affecting price changes and for supporting macro-regulation by government authorities. The main source of this dataset is the national agricultural product business information public service platform, supplemented by other authoritative platforms and the actual market research data of the project team. According to the principles of authority, continuity and availability, the collected basic price data were supplemented, checked for completeness and stability, the irregular data were removed, and the missing values were filled, resulting in a dataset of tomato wholesale price fluctuations. Subsequently, trend components and price volatility indicators were calculated to further refine the dataset. In terms of time, it includes two temporal scales: weekly and monthly. In terms of space, 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are divided into six geographical divisions, enabling the observation of weekly and monthly price fluctuation characteristics in each province. The dataset provides a data basis for scientific research on tomato price fluctuations and for monitoring and early warning in China.

In medical research, particularly in fields such as genomics, multi-center clinical trials, and meta-analysis, effectively combining the p-values from multiple related hypothesis tests has always been a challenging statistical issue. To address this problem and enhance the statistical power of comprehensive analysis, this study proposes a generalized harmonic mean for p-values (GHMP( )) combination method and builds two kinds of combination tests based on this framework. The first kind of test is designed for applications with small significance levels and has more lenient conditions for adapting to correlations, making it suitable for the complex dependency structures commonly found in actual research. The second kind of test introduces a novel high-order tail approximation technique based on stable distribution theory, which can more accurately estimate the extreme tail probabilities at large significance levels under independent or weakly correlated conditions. Extensive simulation experiments show that both kinds of tests perform robustly across various configurations, with statistical power not inferior to the traditional Cauchy combination test (CCT) and minimum p-value (MinP) methods, and demonstrate superior detection capabilities in several scenarios. Additionally, GHMP( ) has high computational efficiency and has been empirically validated in real genetic data. These characteristics make it a reliable and practical analytical tool for high-dimensional medical research, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large-scale meta-analysis.

Introduction. The state political leader-economist regulates the system of reproduction of labor resources on the basis of stimulation of entrepreneurial activity. The system of personnel training provides conditions and content of educational programs of training of young entrepreneurs. The actual research question about the effectiveness of education of models of training, provision of inflows of active entrepreneurs in unstable countries. The aim of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of a model for engaging students in entrepreneurship based on network interaction between entrepreneurs and teachers in the development and implementation of a business concept. Materials and Methods. To test the effectiveness of the proposed model of involving students in entrepreneurship, an experiment was conducted on a group of second-year students (135 people) of the Business Faculty of the Novosibirsk State Technical University. A set of methodological tools was used to diagnose the level of initial readiness for entrepreneurship (self-reflection, assessment, expert assessment (concordance coefficient agreement is 0.68), the dynamics of its progress during the experiment (assessment cards) and the measure of the final change (content analysis of reflections). KEYWORDS Results. The tested model showed effectiveness, expressed in the increase in the share of students with a medium and high degree of involvement in entrepreneurship (the increase was more than 20%). Typological groups of students were identified according to the criterion of motivational and instrumental readiness for entrepreneurship: junior practitioner (32.7%), tryout (24.5%), startup (14.2%), informal leader (10.2%), formalist (8.2%), pro (6.1%), thinking observer (4.1%). The presented diversity of student types determines the adjustment of the tools for implementing the educational process to the dominant way of entrepreneurial thinking. Conclusion. The novelty of the study consists in testing a model of involving students in entrepreneurship, aimed at early inclusion of students in the implementation of their own entrepreneurial projects in the mode of support by current businessmen. The model can be replicated in the development and implementation of educational programs in the direction of Management.

This study integrates the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Social Capital Theory to develop and validate a theoretical model clarifying how academic research stress influences faculty research performance in resource-constrained, market-oriented private universities in Shandong Province, China. Adopting a mixed-methods design, we surveyed 326 full-time faculty from eight institutions (analysed via SmartPLS 4 for structural equation modelling) and implemented a four-month intervention experiment with 15 faculty members. Results show that research stress, attitude, subjective norms, and cognitive social capital positively predict research intention, which boosts performance; notably, stress exerts a direct positive effect on performance (aligning with non-Western challenge-hindrance stress frameworks), and cognitive social capital is the strongest performance predictor. The intervention confirmed the model’s efficacy, improving key constructs and actual research output. This study extends TPB’s cross-cultural applicability by embedding social capital in the stress-performance nexus, offers context-specific strategies for resource-constrained private higher education globally, and provides cross-regional insights to optimize faculty research productivity for better alignment between higher education and regional talent supply and socioeconomic synergy.

Bee-derived products such as apitoxin, royal jelly, propolis, bee pollen, and honey are increasingly being used as part of cosmetic products because all of them contain a large number of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and regenerative properties, which enable them to be used for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this investigation was to assess the performance of an automated growth-based system in order to make a quantitative examination of the total aerobic viable counts in bee-derived personal care products using NF-TVC vials that contained a nutrient-based medium with dextrose as the carbon source. According to USP general chapter <1223>, pivotal validation criteria such as linearity, equivalence of results, operative range, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, limit of quantification, and limit of detection have demonstrated that the automated system can be used for a reliable total aerobic viable count. Moreover, the actual research demonstrated that polysorbates efficiently block the antimicrobiological potential of bioactive compounds, such as phenols, flavonoids, enzymes, peptides, and fatty acids, which naturally occur in apitoxin, royal jelly, propolis, bee pollen, and honey, allowing for efficient microorganism recovery from the bee-made products tested. Therefore, this AGBS could be applied efficiently within the cosmetic industry to assess the total aerobic viable count in bee-derived products such as capillary treatments, toothpaste, and anti-aging cream, affording several benefits associated with faster product release into the market.

RULES: Free desktop application to perform activity calculations and radiometric dating.

This research examines abstracts in scientific papers and how AI generates them.Abstracts are crucial to information use because they are the first sources researchers consult to decide whether a paper is worth checking out.The study analyses the abstracts from the December 2025 issues of Antioxidants and PLOS Computational Biology.These abstracts are generated by the authors themselves, ChatGPT, or Qwen.To evaluate, we used semantic similarity (Jaccard index), phrase occurrence frequency, and expert scores.It seems this covers quality, detectability, and what it all means for science writing.The results showed that the AI-generated abstracts were more similar to one another than to human generated abstracts.The mean Jaccard index was around 0.66 to 0.68 for the AIs compared to themselves, but lower with the author written stuff.That points to both AIs writing in a similar style, regardless.Domain specific terms appeared in both humans and AIs, but the way they used them, such as frequency and exact types, differed between ChatGPT and Qwen.Expert scoring assigned higher grades to AI abstracts based on clarity, structure, scientific sense, and originality or relevance.Qwen got a mean of 9.29, ChatGPT 9.02, while all human authored ones averaged 7.75.The ANOVA test reflects that both human and resulted in about 79 per cent of the variation in the scores.This finding suggests that AI can generate more impressive and comprehensive summaries than humans.Still, there are ethical problems to consider, such as how AI might fabricate references, spread misinformation, or even hijack peer review.The analysis estimates that 10 to 14 per cent of recent biomedical abstracts indicate AI assistance.It indicates that we need better ways to detect it, clearer rules, and to focus more on the actual research ideas rather than on how slick the writing is.

Emergency response plans are the core link in the process of dealing with unexpected incidents. However, the various types of information faced in responding to unexpected incidents are highly uncertain. Therefore, how to select a relatively satisfactory emergency response plan for unexpected incidents under uncertain information is an urgent problem to be solved in emergency management. To effectively select emergency response plans for unexpected events under uncertain information, this paper proposes a decision-making method based on the combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Firstly, various influencing factors of emergencies are obtained through data collection and actual research. The AHP method is adopted to conduct weight analysis of the influencing factor indicators, and the key influencing factors of emergencies are obtained. Secondly, design alternative emergency response plans based on key influencing factors; Secondly, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is constructed to conduct a comprehensive assessment of each alternative plan, and the best emergency response plan is determined based on the scores of the alternative plans. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed selection technology is illustrated through a research example of the campus fire emergency plan.

The quality education deficit cycle (QDC) is inherent in the higher education system of Pakistan and has led to a crisis of Degrees Without Depth that is severely hampering the national development in the country. This is a holistic system of analysis that explores in depth interdependence of structural and cultural weaknesses that perpetuate this deficiency, going beyond the surface and unearthing systemic issues. We end by first explaining the historical process of centralized administration and policy inconsistency and showing how inefficient administration, politicized leadership and bureaucratic complacency undermine institutional autonomy and hinders innovation. In the meantime, the long-term underinvestment causes severe shortage of resources, which leads to outdated infrastructure and workload that does not focus institutions on the actual research. Most importantly, there is a so-called illusion of a publication, which is imposed by incorrect measures of faculty assessment, where predatory publishing behaviors and academic malpractice are common phenomena, and harassed supervisors will find it challenging to give sufficient guidance. As demonstrated in this paper, these macro-level failures and micro-level violations of ethics work together to continue the QDC. We are finally recommending a bold set of reforms to de-politicize the governance process, implement transparent models of funding, reform faculty-based assessment to put a premium on impact, and invest strategically in research ethics and research infrastructure. Pakistan must break this cycle in order to build a knowledge economy and go a notch higher in terms of global competitiveness.

This is a test abstract for testing purposes. Abstract ID: 652e7b6c-c127-42ca-9c43-bb3f962ae665. This abstract contains sample content for testing purposes and does not represent actual research. The UUID ensures uniqueness for each test publication. This is a comprehensive abstract that provides detailed information about the research methodology, findings, and conclusions. It includes multiple sentences to simulate a real academic abstract with sufficient length and complexity.

Validity and reliability are essential aspects in evaluating the consistency and accuracy of any research instrument. This paper examines the validity and reliability tests conducted on an instrument designed to measure the levels of engagement, motivation, and Arabic language learning strategies among Malaysian students in the Middle East. The questionnaire comprises 65 items categorized into three main constructs. Face and content validity were verified by a panel of five experts in the field of Arabic language to ensure the relevance of each item and the clarity of the instrument for respondents. A total of 35 respondents were randomly selected from third- and fourth-year students majoring in Islamic Studies and Arabic Language at universities in Egypt and Jordan that offer related programmes. Findings from the pilot study revealed that each construct of the instrument demonstrated a very high Cronbach’s Alpha (?) coefficient value, ranging from 0.95 to 0.97. These results indicate that the questionnaire used in this study is both valid and reliable for use in the actual research.

Abstract The term ‘space weather’ indicates the physical conditions at the Sun and in the space environment between the Sun and Earth, that can influence the operation of spaceborne and ground systems and affect human activities and health. Scientific research on the space weather is therefore important to forecast the potential impact of perturbations driven by the Sun activity on biological and technological systems. This work discusses a learning module aiming at introducing high school pupils to the characteristics of the Sun, the relationships with the Earth and the impact that phenomena of solar origin have on our planet. The module consists of experimental observations and of class lectures, both aiming at coupling the curricular teaching at school with actual research topics.

Pakhawaj is an original and traditional musical instrument of India. From ancient time we find different Gharanas of Pakhawaj and those Gharanas had their own importance in the musical field. Now-a-days, those Gharanas are going to be obsolete in lack of proper preservation. I wish to find the chief characteristics of playing styles along with the Bols of different Pakhawaj Gharanas of India. But, before entering into my actual research project as stated above, it is necessary to discuss in short about the Origin and Development of Pakhawaj from ancient to modern times. I have collected informations with regard to the Origin and Development of Pakhawaj instrument. For this purpose.

In recent years, private equity investment has played an increasingly important role in China's financial system, second only to bank loans and public offerings. Under the influence of macroeconomic factors, private equity firms can anticipate changes in the overall capital structure of the Chinese market by monitoring fluctuations in macroeconomic indicators during their operational processes. Thereby, private equity firms can adjust their corresponding private equity investment strategies. This study constructs a linear regression model by selecting relevant macroeconomic variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) to determine the impact of macroeconomic indicators on private equity investment. In the actual research process, annual data from 2015 to 2024 were used, and ridge regression was employed based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to optimize the model. The conclusion is that variables such as GDP and CPI have a positive effect on the scale of private equity investment, verifying the hypothesis that macroeconomic indicators have an impact on private equity investment.

This is a test abstract for mock submission. Abstract ID: 5282dd32-565e-407a-a530-abafc471d77f. This abstract contains sample content for testing purposes and does not represent actual research. The UUID ensures uniqueness for each test submission.

Abstract This paper argues that scientific progress is best understood not as mere accumulation of knowledge , but as the systematic elimination of proper ignorance , namely ignorance that is identifiable, tractable, epistemically significant, and communally recognized. Drawing on examples from both science and philosophy, I show that traditional models focusing on knowledge accumulation struggle to account for phenomena such as diminishing epistemic returns and the proliferation of irrelevant knowledge. Reframing progress in terms of eliminating ignorance yields a more goal-sensitive and practice-grounded account that accommodates the shifting relevance of questions and the contextual nature of inquiry. This model not only aligns with the dynamics of actual scientific research but also provides a diagnostic lens for evaluating philosophical debates that appear conceptually saturated yet epistemically stagnant. The paper concludes by suggesting that this framework may serve as a unifying, transdisciplinary standard for understanding epistemic advancement.

This is a test abstract for mock publishing. Abstract ID: dfbef090-495b-45bc-9f9f-1467666a7ef1. This abstract contains sample content for testing purposes and does not represent actual research. The UUID ensures uniqueness for each test publication.