Free Time Activities Research Articles

Owen@250

This essay takes the occasion of the 250th anniversary of Robert Owen’s birth in 1771 to review some scholarship in the field since the last major commemoration of the event in 1971. It then contends that were Owen alive today he would apply his leading ideas on the relationship between wants, needs, and social progress to the climate catastrophe looming over us now. As is evident in Owen’s works and in various communal experiments associated with the Owenite movement, a clear sense of exchanging unnecessary consumption with free time and creative activity emerged as early as the 1820s. Owen himself was particularly hostile to changes in fashion, insisting on a more stoic and Spartan approach to clothing in general. In the Owenite movement, however, a trend developed which was less puritanical in its approach to consumption, and argued instead that developments in production might well furnish the means to permit luxuries of various kinds to flourish in the new social system.

Phenomenological assessment of the features of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia

The purpose of the study is to assess the severity of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this category of patients.Material and methods. 252 patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia (main group) and 79 patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia (comparison group) were examined. A total of 331 patients with schizophrenia took part in the study. A comprehensive approach was used in the study, consisting of a combination of clinical-psychopathological, psychometric (SANS scale) and statistical research methods.Research results. Clinical-psychopathological characteristics of patients with negative symptoms in schizophrenia have been established, which consisted of the predominance of the residual form of schizophrenia; continuously progradient and episodic with an increasing defect of flow types; the onset of negative symptoms in the initial period. Specific features of the manifestation of negative symptoms in patients with negative symptoms in schizophrenia have been determined, which consisted of the severity of attention disorders, anhedonia, abulia, and alogia. It has been detected that the phenomenology of negative symptoms in schizophrenia has a complex structure and is described by the presence of components of affective flattening (reduced expressiveness of speech, avoidance of eye contact), alogia (delayed responses, interrupted thoughts), abulia and apathy (reduced productivity and energy potential), anhedonia and antisociality (reduced activity in free time, sexual interests, the ability to feel intimacy and closeness) and the sphere of attention (reduced attentiveness in contact with others and during testing). Conclusions. As a result of the study, the peculiarities of the manifestation of negative symptoms in patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia have been determined, which can act as diagnostic criteria and predictors of the formation of negative symptoms during the differential diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia and can be taken into account when creating treatment and psycho-corrective programs aimed at reducing negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Free time and physical activities of students of pedagogical faculties

Free time and physical activities of students of pedagogical faculties

A network analysis on digital media use, reading enjoyment, and orthography precision in a highly educated sample

At least a decade before the advent of smartphones, alarms rose about a diffuse worsening of literacy because mobile phone use appeared frequently accompanied by deviations from standard linguistic norms. Evidence, however, has been mixed and, in addition, several key studies were performed before the current ubiquitous use of online entertainment. The present study used a network approach (partial correlation networks) to examine the relations between the participants' use of free time (whether they devoted it to diverse online and/or offline activities), their enjoyment of reading, and their scores in an orthography test, used as proxy for written language skills. The final sample comprised 840 adults, out of which about 86.7% either were studying or had a university degree. Participants’ age and their use of social media contributed the most to the network structure. Social media use was linked to both more social as well as more solitary free time activity, but it showed no direct connection with orthographic skills: at least in this highly educated sample, the relation between written language skills and digital media use was moderated by other factors. Orthographic skills improved, through separate routes, with years of education and with number of books read in a year. As the latter was also strongly associated with subjective reading enjoyment and devoting free time to reading, the findings therefore also indicate that greater reading pleasure significantly contributes to better written language skills.

Lifestyle and Quality of Life of Women with Diagnosed Hypothyroidism in the Context of Metabolic Disorders.

The lifestyle causes of metabolic disorders in patients with hypothyroidism should be investigated. We aimed to assess the lifestyle and quality of life of women diagnosed with hypothyroidism and search for the presence of differences between the lifestyle and quality of life of women with and without diagnosed lipid metabolism disorders. This study included 311 women. To assess the differences between the groups with and without metabolic disorders, a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was performed. Of the products that were potentially beneficial for health, statistically significant differences in the average frequency of consumption were observed for legume seeds (p = 0.014), and of the products potentially unbeneficial for health, the frequencies of consumption of fried dishes (p = 0.016) and fast-food products (p = 0.001) were significant. Only 11.9% rated their free-time physical activity as high. The quality of life was significantly different between the groups. The lifestyle was moderately appropriate. Compared with women with lipid metabolism disorders, women without them exhibited a higher frequency of correct dietary behaviors regarding the consumption of products with a potentially beneficial effect and sleeping duration. Women without lipid metabolism disorders had a better quality of life. Women with hypothyroidism should be educated about the beneficial aspects of the regular consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish and sleeping for the optimal amount of time.

O.1.1-10 Determinants of mental health: do body mass index, perceived stress and acculturation impact the mental health of international medical students?

Abstract Background International medical students are more likely to experience mental health issues. In addition to the acculturation challenges, people living with obesity often struggle with mood and anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mental health and nutritional status of international medical students, focusing on body mass index (BMI), perceived stress and acculturation. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among international medical students at the University of Szeged, Hungary between April and October 2021. A self-administered survey was used to obtain the data. Questionnaires were asked regarding the perceived stress scale (PSS), the modified Stephenson multigroup acculturation scale (SMAS), BMI, and sociodemographic characteristics. The data were analysed using SPSS 28.0 with a multiple logistic regression model. Results A total of 326 international medical students participated in the study. 49.7% of the students reported poor mental health and 5.2% were underweight and 10.1% were obese. We have found that perceived stress and acculturation were associated with poor mental health after adjusting for covariates. Higher perceived stress was likely to increase poor mental health (OR = 8.50; 95% CI = 3.82 – 8.93, P < 0.001), similar to acculturation where marginalization was more likely to have poor mental health (OR = 6.42; 95% CI = 2.39 – 9.03, P = 0.011). Meanwhile, the association between poor mental health and BMI in total was not significant, but underweight students were less likely to have poor mental health in the multivariable analysis (OR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.06 – 0.86, P = 0.029). Conclusions The results of the study can be used to advise academic institutions to help international students integrate into the local students and local communities. The arts and other free time activities, and sports could help to alleviate mental conditions including anxiety, depression, and burnout.

Factors associated with infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria in Hospital "Vicente Corral Moscoso", Cuenca, 2018-2019

Factors associated with infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria in Hospital "Vicente Corral Moscoso", Cuenca, 2018-2019

PENATALAKSANAAN TERAPI OKUPASI PADA AN.W DENGAN HALUSINASI PENDENGARAN DI RSJ SOEROJO MAGELANG

Hallucinations are perceptual disorders in which the patient expresses something that is not actually happening. As a result of untreated hallucinations, unwanted things can also appear, such as hallucinations that instruct the patient to do things such as kill himself or injure others. One of the treatments for sensory perception disorder patients: auditory hallucinations is by means of occupational therapy (drawing). The general objective of this scientific work is to provide mental nursing care to An.W by applying occupational therapy: drawing to control auditory hallucinations at Soerojo Hospital, Magelang. The research design used a case study with a nursing care approach. The sample in this study was An W, a mental patient with a medical diagnosis of Schizophrenia at Soerojo Hospital Magelang. Based on the results of observations of therapy that has been carried out for 3 days in the application of occupational therapy, it shows that occupational therapy has an effect on changes in symptoms in patients with auditory hallucinations. In conclusion, occupational therapy for free time activities such as drawing, coloring, sweeping, making the bed and playing together is done 1-2 times a day for 15-25 minutes can minimize the patient's interaction with his own world and can control the symptoms of hallucinations.

Some Strategies to Teach General English Vocabulary to Intermediate Students. A Case Study at Binh Thuan College

This study aims to consider the distribution of multiple intelligences among students in order to apply some strategies to teach general English vocabulary to intermediate students of Binh Thuan College (BTC), Vietnam in academic year 2022-2023. The research participants were 35 students of BTC. Based on the data collected, there were 3 strong intelligences including Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, and Visual-Spatial Intelligence. Consequently, to teach vocabulary topics in 8 units of student’s books like jobs, sports, free-time activities, places in a city, common adjectives, things in a house, food and drink, appearance, clothes and colors, vacation activities, vacation items, daily activities, personality adjectives, hobbies and interests, the researcher used realia as well as mime, action, and gesture with support of the games and songs as strategies to teach vocabulary through classroom activities concerned about music, physical movement, and visuals.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATION IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

Introduction: Learning the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of motivation provides important information for understanding the behavior in physical education and sports in young people. Sage (1977) describes motivation as one's effort towards certain activities and its intensity. Motivation is deeply rooted in the individual based on Vallerand's (1987) hierarchical model, and its type (intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation) can change during the activity, as well as sometimes remains hidden. Method: Four hundred and nine students took part in our research, whose average age was 15.0 years. In addition to the questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), research participants filled out the Behavior Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2) regarding to the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Respondents also reported the support they received from their social environment for physical activity, as well as what their future intentions were and how their past behavior and current behavior have developed. Data analysis was performed by employing IBM SPSS v. 25 and AMOS v. 24 software packages. Results and conclusions: In our study social support influenced young people’s intention to perform physical activity as a current behavior. According to the Trans-Contextual Model (TCM) results revealed how autonomous motivation transfers across contexts (e.g., from school/education to free living) and therefore explained how leisure time behavior is reinforced. Our data confirmed the strongest positive relationship between students’ past behavior and current behavior followed by a moderate relationship in students’ past behavior and intention. Thus, the relationship between past behavior and current behavior was also moderate. Results have implications beyond physical activity, and can help understanding of why young people make a range of choices related to health. Results can also aid the development of educational materials and practical methods to motivate young people to choose a healthy, physically active lifestyle. In conclusion, from a school context to leisure time can help educational and health practitioners to understand what influences health-related physical activity behaviors in young people. Physical education classes are supposed to instil behaviors and attitudes that promote physical activity in free-time and promote healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, according to our findings, the expected function of physical education in schools fails to meet the criteria that lead to developing self-determined or autonomous motivation to young students’ leisure time intention, and especially physical activity.

Time to care—Care for time—How spending more time for care than consumption helps to mitigate climate change

Mitigating climate change requires urgent reductions in emissions. Demand-side measures focus on footprints (direct and indirect emissions) of consumption. Analyzing time use brings a novel perspective to discuss the carbon implications of everyday life and the potentials and limitations for decarbonizing consumption. In this study, we show how time-use studies can serve as a bridging concept between sustainability studies and the analysis of human wellbeing for all. We introduce a functional time-use perspective differentiating personal, committed, contracted, and free time. We calculate the average carbon intensity of everyday activities in Austria in 2010 combining the Austrian Time-use Survey and Austrian Household Budget Survey with Eora-MRIO. We find that these activities differ widely in carbon intensity. Personal time is relatively low-carbon intense, while free time activities show large variation in terms of CO2e footprint/hour. The traditional gendered division of labor shapes the time-use patterns of women and men, with implications for their carbon footprints. Reassessing and sharing unpaid reproductive caring activities are the basis for solving some urgent ecological and social problems. The way household members use their time, the resource demand of households and infrastructure, and the services provided by communities entail each other. Time use, time prosperity, and especially time scarcity determine our quality of life. Caring activities as “time to care” play a crucial role in pathways toward socio-ecological transformation and gender equality. Further research in the field of time, care, and gender studies could be based on this framework and add new perspectives on research on sustainable development.

Relationship between free-time physical activity and sleep quality in Brazilian university students

Poor sleep quality and low or no free-time physical activity (FTPA) practice are highly prevalent among university students, but the association between these conditions is still unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed the relationship between FTPA and sleep quality. An online questionnaire was conducted with university students from a public university in southern Brazil in 2019. The weekly frequency of FTPA was self-reported, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regression and ANCOVA models were performed and adjusted for confounders. Among the 2,626 students analyzed, 52.2% did not practice the FTPA, and 75.6% had poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). In the adjusted analysis, practicing FTPA 4–7 times/week was associated with poor sleep quality (odds ratio = 0.71; 95% confidence interval = 0.52, 0.97) compared with not practicing FTPA. In addition, those who practiced FTPA had significantly lower means of the global PSQI, subjective sleep quality and duration, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction scores than those who did not practice FTPA. In conclusion, the FTPA may contribute to better sleep quality among university students.

Bayesian network modelling to identify on-ramps to childhood obesity

BackgroundWhen tackling complex public health challenges such as childhood obesity, interventions focused on immediate causes, such as poor diet and physical inactivity, have had limited success, largely because upstream root causes remain unresolved. A priority is to develop new modelling frameworks to infer the causal structure of complex chronic disease networks, allowing disease “on-ramps” to be identified and targeted.MethodsThe system surrounding childhood obesity was modelled as a Bayesian network, using data from The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The existence and directions of the dependencies between factors represent possible causal pathways for childhood obesity and were encoded in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The posterior distribution of the DAGs was estimated using the Partition Markov chain Monte Carlo.ResultsWe have implemented structure learning for each dataset at a single time point. For each wave and cohort, socio-economic status was central to the DAGs, implying that socio-economic status drives the system regarding childhood obesity. Furthermore, the causal pathway socio-economic status and/or parental high school levels → parental body mass index (BMI) → child’s BMI existed in over 99.99% of posterior DAG samples across all waves and cohorts. For children under the age of 8 years, the most influential proximate causal factors explaining child BMI were birth weight and parents’ BMI. After age 8 years, free time activity became an important driver of obesity, while the upstream factors influencing free time activity for boys compared with girls were different.ConclusionsChildhood obesity is largely a function of socio-economic status, which is manifest through numerous downstream factors. Parental high school levels entangle with socio-economic status, and hence, are on-ramp to childhood obesity. The strong and independent causal relationship between birth weight and childhood BMI suggests a biological link. Our study implies that interventions that improve the socio-economic status, including through increasing high school completion rates, may be effective in reducing childhood obesity prevalence.

Elementary School-Aged Children's and Parents' Report of Health-Related Quality of Life and Relationships with Lifestyle Measures: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Supporting a child's health-promoting lifestyle is an investment in their future health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Particularly children with overweight and obesity may be at an increased risk of a poor HRQoL. Currently, a comprehensive evaluation of lifestyle factors and age in relation to HRQoL in healthy children and, further, separate child and parental proxy-reports of HRQoL are lacking. The aims of this cross-sectional study in Finland are to compare healthy elementary school-aged children's and parents' reports of the child's HRQoL, and to view them in relation to lifestyle markers. The HRQoL was measured with Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM 4.0, and the following lifestyle markers: leisure-time physical activity as MET, diet quality via a validated index (ES-CIDQ), sleeping time and screen time by questionnaires. Furthermore, age and BMI were recorded. Data were obtained from 270 primary school-aged children (6-13 years). Female gender, the child's older age (8-13 years), high physical activity level and less screen time were strong predictors of a higher HRQoL in both the child's and parental proxy-reports. Means to promote healthy lifestyles should be particularly targeted to young children, especially boys, and new ways to promote physical activity and other forms of free-time activities should be sought.

Associations between the passive, active, and social leisure participation in the life satisfaction of older adults: a longitudinal analysis of the Korea Retirement and Income Study

ABSTRACT Old age is an optimal period to have free time and enjoy leisure activities, thus understanding how older adults spend their leisure time and their relationship with life satisfaction is critical. This study aims to examine the longitudinal associations of leisure participation with subsequent life satisfaction in older adults. A nationally representative sample of 5,151 older adults (mean age 71.98 years, 59% female) were selected from the Korea Retirement and Income Study as the participants. Participants were divided into two groups by their employment status – not working and working. Leisure participation was categorized into three domains – passive (e.g. watching TV), active (e.g. exercise), and social (e.g. meeting friends). Life satisfaction was a four-item measure. The multi-group structural equation model showed that all three leisure domains were positively associated with life satisfaction in the non-working group, whereas active leisure participation was not associated with life satisfaction in the working group. These results suggest that the diversity of leisure participation helped enhance later life satisfaction, but its effects were distinct regardless of older adults’ employment status and the types of leisure.

Physical and Recreational Activities, Sedentary Screen Time, Time Spent with Parents and Drug Use in Adolescents.

In a context in which sedentary screen time is on the rise and adolescents are less eager to engage in free-time activities, physical and recreational activities, although too often ignored, have proven to be an antidote for a large array of psychological and behavioral problems in adolescents, including drug use. The present study is a cross-sectional investigation of the association between physical and recreational activities, sedentary screen time, and time spent with parents and the intensity of drug use in adolescents. The participants were part of a representative sample of 2677 adolescents from Bucharest, Romania. The results indicate that vigorous physical and recreational activities, as well as time spent with parents, were negatively associated with an index of drug use (13 drugs), while screen time positively predicted the intensity of drug use. These findings raise the question of the involvement of parents and educational authorities in promoting healthy behaviors and good practices for the prevention of drug use and improving public adolescents' health.

An Investigation on the Free-Time Activities of the Rongmei Tribe in Siangai Namdai, Bishnupur District, Manipur, India

An Investigation on the Free-Time Activities of the Rongmei Tribe in Siangai Namdai, Bishnupur District, Manipur, India

The role of formal and non-formal education in the development of technological literacy

ducation for technological literacy is a necessity of the 21st century if we want to educate individuals capable of planning, problem-solving, making informed decisions that will contribute to the proper use and advance of technology. Participation in free-time activities as a form of lifelong non-formal learning makes an important contribution to the child's overall development and serves to support formal education. The aim of the case study carried out among 20 participants was to explore their attitudes towards technical education; the challenges and tasks that it imposes on children, teachers and free-time technology–oriented activity instructors; and to evaluate the knowledge and skills it brings to children's lives.

Kulturna interesovanja u Srbiji - pogled u budućnost

Cultural interests represent one of the important aspects of cultural participation. Previous research into this aspect of cultural participation shows that the most favourite activities of Serbian citizens in their free time are mostly related to the private sphere of life in the domain of socializing and recreation, while activities related to public or private cultural consumption are relatively little present in the structure of free time activities. Therefore, it could be stated that the development of cultural interests takes place very slowly, if one can speak of any consistent development at all. In addition, the comparative analysis shows trends that are so stable that no significant changes can be expected in the domain of cultural interests of Serbian citizens in the coming period. However, at the beginning and during the pandemic, there were significant changes in the part of cultural participation, cultural consumption, which shifted to an electronic form, where cultural institutions began to offer digital content on the Internet. Such digital transformation of the cultural offer through the creation of digital cultural products and the digitization of cultural contents could have a significant impact on the development of cultural interests. The digital transformation has provided opportunities for greater accessibility of cultural products to individuals who previously had barriers to participating in cultural life, be it lack interest, distance, costs or physical limitations, as they can now access cultural events via the Internet.

Speed, Adventure, Politics: Leisure Motoring in Interwar Slovakia with Regard to the Activities of the Autoclub Košice

The text concentrates on the interpretation of “free time” during the initial years of the twentieth century, and the role of motor vehicles as a “means of its consumption” within leisure activities is signifi cant. However, the use of cars and motorcycles in leisure time was strictly determined by the specifi c economic and cultural conditions of interwar Czechoslovakia, particularly in the territory of Slovakia. Socio-economic barriers limited such activities to the upper and, in the case of motorcycles, middle classes. At the same time, leisure motoring was strongly linked with a novel form of tourism that was highly organized in interwar Czechoslovakia (particularly in Slovakia). Within this context, the association emerges as a recreational entity, fostering distinct connections and a collective identity. However, the process was signifi cantly infl uenced by the politicization of organised free-time activities. Examining the role of cars and motorcycles in leisure activities during the researched period, the analysis will consider the defi nitions of free time and how these vehicles were utilized in their social and cultural context, specifi cally through the example of the activities of the Autoclub Košice. The presented text draws on previously published studies and the author’s monograph, as well as recent works and additional sources. Positioning this within the context of the historical-sociological discourse on leisure activities alongside the “consumption” of goods and experiences off ers novel insights into the functioning of motoring associations in Slovakia, particularly in Košice. The Autoclub Košice is identifi ed as a prominent organization that signifi cantly impacted the local rise of motor tourism, sports and general recreational tourism in the observed period.