Spatiotemporal characteristics and source apportionment of intermediate volatility organic compounds in the riverside industrial parks.

Abstract We present the first comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the RS CVn system HD 26172, robustly determining the previously debated evolutionary state of its primary star. Since this system is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with spot-induced light curve modulations, we derived its physical parameters by combining the TESS light curves, the radial velocity curve from our observations, and the primary-star mass estimates based on three complementary methods.Our results reveal that HD 26172 is a detached binary system composed of a 1.25 ± 0.32M⊙ subgiant and a 0.63 ± 0.11M⊙ main-sequence star. The conclusion of subgiant primary is also supported by the absence of lithium absorption and no observed infrared excess. Using long-term photometry from the KWS survey, we detected a tentative stellar activity cycle of 5635 days with an amplitude of 0.04 mag in HD 26172. Additionally, we identified ten optical flare events exhibiting temporally clustered outburst behavior. The presence of a long-term activity cycle, pronounced starspot activity, and frequent optical flares makes HD 26172 a valuable laboratory for studying magnetic activity in subgiants within close binary systems.

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining cerebral homeostasis, and its dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an active driver of epilepsy. This review explores the mechanisms by which BBB disruption contributes to seizures and the development of chronic epilepsy. Potentially epileptogenic insults, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and status epilepticus, induce acute and often persistent BBB leakage. This breach permits the extravasation of serum albumin, which activates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in astrocytes. This cascade leads to astrocytic dysfunction, impaired potassium buffering, neuroinflammation, and synaptic remodeling, collectively fostering neuronal hyperexcitability. Furthermore, BBB disruption facilitates the infiltration of peripheral immune cells, amplifying neuroinflammation and propagating a pathologic cycle of BBB damage and seizure activity. BBB damage is mediated by multiple processes, including the activation of the plasminogen activation (PA) system. Furthermore, these processes of BBB disruption and neuroinflammation provide a shared pathological basis for neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety, which are common comorbidities of epilepsy, through shared mechanisms of neuroinflammation and neurovascular unit (NVU) dysregulation. BBB dysfunction can also contribute to the resistance to antiepileptic drugs. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of stabilizing the BBB as a viable strategy for developing disease-modifying therapies for epilepsy.

Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), characterized by enlarged or multiple nuclei, have long been considered non-proliferative and hallmarks of high malignancy. However, their functional contribution to tumor progression remains unclear. We identified and characterized a subset of mitotically active (MA)-PGCCs in human oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens and cell lines. Mitotic activity and cell cycle was assessed using immunofluorescence, time-lapse microscopy and FUCCI. We evaluated the interactions between MA-PGCCs and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), focusing on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling. Chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was analyzed using cell viability assays. MA-PGCCs exhibited both bipolar and multipolar mitosis, generating heterogeneous progeny that contributed to genomic instability. These cells increased the number of CAFs with elevated TGF-β expression, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhancing resistance to 5-FU. Mechanistically, enhanced reactive oxygen species in MA-PGCCs upregulated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR, promoting plasmin-mediated activation of TGF-β secreted from adjacent CAFs. Upregulation of TGF-β receptors in MA-PGCCs further amplified TGF-β signaling, accelerating EMT. Our findings identify MA-PGCCs as a proliferative subpopulation that promotes EMT and chemoresistance through a TGF-β-uPA/uPAR feedback loop. Targeting this pathway may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of aggressive tumors enriched in MA-PGCCs.

High-energy irradiation in X-rays and UV (XUV) can transform the planetary atmospheres through photoevaporation and photochemistry. This is more crucial for M stars, whose habitable zones for Earth-like planets are located within a few percent of an AU. Transiting exoplanets around M dwarfs offer the opportunity to study their characteristics and habitability conditions. L 98-59 is an M3 dwarf hosting six Earth-like planets, with two of them in the habitable zone of the star. X-ray observations made in 2020 and 2021 detected significant flares above a quiescent luminosity of 4 − 10 × 10 26 erg s −1 . We present the results from two short XMM-Newton observations of L 98-59, which are part of a monitoring survey to detect long-term X-ray variability and activity cycles. In October 2024 the X-ray quiescent luminosity of the star was ∼5.9 × 10 25 erg s −1 , and it was about 6.3 × 10 26 erg s −1 in February 2025. We speculate that in late 2024 the star had a minimum of activity; in 2021 the star was near a maximum of an activity cycle, and in 2025 it was at the middle of the cycle. We suggest a coarse estimate of the period of ≈2 years and a peak-to-peak amplitude of about ≃10, which is the highest among the stars with a known X-ray cycle other than the Sun. We also infer that even the outer planet in the habitable zone, L 98-59, is exposed to an X-ray dose between 100 and 1600 times the X-ray irradiation of the Earth in the XUV band.

The emu is a short-day breeder and only the male exhibits egg incubation, during which there is an obligatory fast, suggesting a conflict between the motivations to reproduce and to feed. We studied reproductive and metabolic endocrinology during the circannual cycles in reproduction and body weight in males and females. Some males were allowed to incubate and, for others, incubation was prevented by egg removal. Females began to lose weight at the start of lay and total loss was related to clutch size. Length of lay and clutch size were strongly influenced by whether the male partner incubated. In males, testosterone concentrations were greatest around the winter solstice, declined immediately when incubation began, and remained low until seven weeks after incubation ended. Prolactin concentrations increased 5-fold greater during incubation, reflecting its role in incubation behaviour. Incubating males fasted, used up their body reserves, and rapidly recovered weight after incubation ended. Changes in body weight were related to changes in the circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones, insulin and glucagon. In conclusion, annual body weight cycles were determined largely by the demands of reproduction and, during the incubation fast, body reserves appear to be utilized in a highly regulated manner.

Animal movement datasets are growing in number and depth, and researchers require a growing number of analytical approaches to adequately answer questions using movement datasets. As the complexity of questions and analyses increase, deciding on the best approach both in terms of study design and analysis can become more difficult. A potential solution is to simulate an array of synthetic datasets under varying study designs and simulation parametrisations to gain insight into the impact of analysis choice(s) in different contexts. The abmAnimalMovement R package provides the means of simulating animal movement for this purpose. The abmAnimalMovement simulations use a discrete time agent-based model and does not require previous movement data as an input. The simulations include a number of key internal and external movement influences, as well as parameters for navigation and mobility capacity of the animal. Internal influences include three predefined behavioural states (e.g., shelter, explore, forage) and any number of activity cycles (e.g., diel, seasonal). External influences are implemented via matrices describing landscape characteristics (e.g., shelter quality, foraging resources, movement ease), and predefined points describing shelter sites and points the animal aims to avoid. Navigation capacity is defined by the range the animal can dynamically choose a foraging location to which it is subsequently attracted. Mobility capacity is implemented by user defined distributions, from which step length and turn angles are draw at each time step, governing the possible subsequent locations of the animal. Critically, the navigation capacity (the choice of destination) operates on a different time scale to the mobility capacity, allowing the internal state of the animal to differ from the observed movements. When combined with other emergent properties, such as site fidelity generated via repeated shelter site use, the simulations offer opportunities to test whether movement analyses can accurately recover hidden mechanisms, states, and drivers.

ABSTRACT The ${\rm He\, {\small I}}$ 1083 nm transit signature is commonly used in tracing escaping planetary atmospheres. However, it can be affected by stellar activity, complicating detections and interpretations of atmospheric escape. We model how stellar activity cycles affect the atmospheric escape and ${\rm He\, {\small I}}$ 1083 nm signatures of four types of highly irradiated exoplanets, at 0.025 and 0.05 au, during minimum and maximum cycle phases. We consider two stars, exhibiting different cycle behaviours: the Sun and the more active star $\iota$ Hor, for which we reconstruct its spectral energy distributions at minimum and maximum phases using X-ray observations and photospheric models. We show that over a modulated activity cycle, the release of extreme ultraviolet photons, responsible for atmospheric escape, varies substantially more than that of mid-ultraviolet (UV) photons, capable of photoionizing He i ($2^3$S). This leads to consistently stronger helium signatures during maximum phases. We show that planets at the largest orbit are more affected by cycles, showing larger variations in escape rates and absorptions between minimum and maximum. We also confirm the counter-intuitive behaviour that, despite the fall-off in escape rate with orbital distance, the ${\rm He\, {\small I}}$ 1083 nm absorption is not significantly weaker at further orbits, even strengthening with orbital distance for some $\iota$ Hor planets. We partially explain this behaviour with the lower mid-UV fluxes at more distant orbits, leading to less He i ($2^3$S) photoionizations. Finally, we propose that stellar cycles could explain some of the conflicting ${\rm He\, {\small I}}$ 1083 nm observations of the same planet, with detections more likely during a phase of activity maximum.

With the rapid development of the semiconductor industry, identifying and optimizing bottlenecks is crucial for improving production line efficiency. This paper proposes a method combining Activity Cycle Method (APM) and data visualization techniques. APM identifies key bottlenecks in semiconductor manufacturing by analyzing the continuous uptime of machines and the duration of their activity cycles. Data visualization tools are then used to present these key bottlenecks in an intuitive and actionable manner. Applying both methods to a real-world semiconductor manufacturing environment significantly improves production efficiency and machine utilization, making this method practically applicable in semiconductor manufacturing.

The objective of this study was to identify the minimum wear time criteria to produce reliable estimates of 24-hour movement behaviors and compositions in a study of older women. We used data collected in 2015-2017 in a subsample (n=1282) of The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Data from hip-worn accelerometers and wrist-worn actigraphy devices were harmonized into sleep-wake activity cycles. We identified minimum sleep-wake interval duration for 24-hour-equivalent estimates (reference [23, 25] hour range) and minimum number of sleep-wake cycles for 7-day-equivalent estimates using tests of equivalence with a confidence approach for duration and percent of the sleep-wake interval for each behavior. For intervals in the 23- to 25-hour range, participants spent a mean 7.8hours (32.8%) in sleep, 7.4hours (31.2%) in sedentary behavior, 4.9hours (20.7%) in low light intensity physical activity (PA), 2.6hours (10.8%) in high light intensity PA, and 1.1hours (4.5%) in moderate/vigorous intensity PA. The minimum wear time criteria to produce reliable estimates was at least 1 day with a minimum of 6hours of data. Our results are likely driven by high adherence to device wear protocols and are likely applicable to other studies of midlife and older adults.

Background:Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune condition induced by the consumption of gluten, affecting about 1.4% of the global population. The current diagnostic methods largely rely on serological testing, which may disregard certain biomarkers that are essential for an accurate diagnosis. The objective of the present investigation is to identify significant candidate biomarkers in CeD through using a bioinformatics analysis of microarray data.Methods:We analyzed three datasets of the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE112102, GSE113469, and GSE164883) to conduct a comprehensive bioinformatics approach. We performed a meta-analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), constructed gene ontology and pathway analyses, and developed protein–protein interaction networks to identify and analyze hub genes and their associated miRNAs.Results:We detected 165 DEGs (79 upregulated and 86 downregulated). Five key hub genes – STAT1, CDC20, perforin-1, CCL2, and MYC were identified as critical regulators involved in controlling both immune system activity and cell cycle progression. Significantly, important miRNAs, including hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-145-5p, hsa-miR-18a-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-24-3p, and hsa-miR-146a-5p, were seen to have significant interactions with these hub genes. This emphasizes their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of CeD.Conclusion:The genes identified offer potential as key biomarkers for diagnosing CeD and understanding its molecular mechanisms, creating the path for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is characterized by high mortality and limited therapeutic efficacy in advanced stages. AVEN, an apoptosis inhibitor that interacts with Bcl-xL and Apaf-1 to suppress caspase activation, has been implicated in tumour progression and drug resistance in various cancers. However, its role in LUAD remains unclear. In this study, the prognostic importance, immune microenvironment association, and regulatory mechanisms of AVEN in LUAD were comprehensively investigated using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and experimental validation. Analysis of the TCGA and GEO datasets revealed that AVEN expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with normal tissues and that high AVEN expression correlated with advanced T/N stage and pathological stage and was associated with poor overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate Cox regression identified AVEN expression as an independent prognostic factor, and a nomogram incorporating AVEN expression demonstrated high predictive accuracy for 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS. Functional enrichment analysis linked AVEN to keratinocyte differentiation, spliceosome activity, and cell cycle pathways, whereas the results of scRNA-seq highlighted its predominant expression in malignant epithelial cell subtypes (tS2), which is associated with aggressive proliferation and immune evasion. AVEN expression was positively correlated with Th2, NK CD56dim, and Tgd cell infiltration but negatively associated with TFH, eosinophil, and mast cell infiltration, suggesting its role in modulating the tumour immune microenvironment. Detection of clinical samples verified the high expression of AVEN in LUAD. In vitro, AVEN knockdown in A549 cells suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction and validation revealed that hsa-miR-30d-5p was an upstream regulator of AVEN, with its low expression in LUAD tissues inversely correlated with that of AVEN and predicting a favourable prognosis. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis further revealed that lncRNA-AC012236.1 functioned as an upstream regulator of hsa-miR-30d-5p. This lncRNA was found to be highly expressed in LUAD tissues, and its elevated expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in LUAD patients. In conclusion, AVEN, as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LUAD, affected tumour progression, immune infiltration and apoptosis resistance through the lncRNA-AC012236.1/hsa-miR-30d-5p-AVEN axis. These findings provided new insights into the pathogenesis of LUAD and highlighted potential therapeutic targets for improving patient prognosis.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-26961-7.

While team formation contributes to team effectiveness, the practices of team formation are poorly described in health care settings. This single-center study explores current practices for team formation in pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) through semi-structured interviews with 10 PHM attendings from a tertiary children's hospital. A basic inductive and comparative analysis strategy was used to code interview transcripts and identify themes. Six themes emerged: (1) Team formation practices relate to socialization, role clarity, goal formation, and expectation setting. (2) Initial practices aim toward establishing a psychologically safe learning environment. (3) Initial dedicated time is critical for team formation. (4) Team formation is an ongoing cycle of activity and feedback. (5) The attending-senior resident relationship is central. (6) Practices adjust for environmental issues. This study fills an existing literature gap by describing current practices of PHM team formation and reveals new concepts to refine these practices and ultimately improve team effectiveness.

This study investigates high-latitude ionospheric mesoscale irregularities associated with energetic particle precipitation and magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling processes within the auroral oval using ground-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) measurements. This scale size is much larger than those associated with GNSS scintillations, which range from sub-kilometers (small scales) to > 10 km (large scales). Analyzing 15 yr of data from 2010 to 2024, we characterize, for the first time, the climatology of enhanced intensity of ionospheric mesoscale irregularities at high latitudes. The observed intensity of irregularities in GNSS TEC fluctuations can serve as a proxy for the dynamic behavior of the auroral oval which varies with magnetic local time, longitude, latitude, season, solar activity cycle, geomagnetic disturbances, and hemisphere. The spatial distribution of the irregularity is oval-shaped and therefore this pattern is named as “irregularity oval”; the morphology of the irregularity oval is generally aligned well with the known variations of auroral oval established by using other technologies. While the primary goal has been to document systematically these irregularity long-term observations, future work will focus on the development of a novel GNSS TEC-based “irregularity oval” model.

Background: Adolescence is an important transitional phase marked by physiological and psychological changes, including the onset of menstruation. Menstrual cycle irregularities in adolescents are a common reproductive health problem, and are influenced by various factors such as physical activity, stress levels, sleep quality, and body mass index (BMI). Purpose: This study aims to analyze factors associated with menstrual cycle irregularities in female adolescents. Method: This study uses an analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all female students of SMA Negeri 4 Jambi City. A total of 87 respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and menstrual cycle observation sheets. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test (α = 0.05). Result: The study showed a significant association between physical activity (p=0.035), stress levels (p=0.038), sleep quality (p=0.049), and BMI (p=0.028) and menstrual cycle irregularity. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that Physical activity, stress, sleep quality, and BMI were significantly associated with menstrual cycle irregularity. Promotive-preventive interventions through reproductive health education and strengthening the PIK-R or GENRE program in schools are needed to increase awareness and healthy lifestyle behaviors among adolescents.

Menstrual cycle is often regarded as an important indicator of women's reproductive health, and changes in this cycle can affect their quality of life. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity, stress levels, and menstrual cycles among female students at the Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University. This study used an observational analytical design and a cross-sectional approach. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-squared test. The results showed that 66% of the female students experienced normal menstrual cycles, while 34% had abnormal menstrual cycles. Light physical activity was found in 5.7% of the students, moderate physical activity in 68.7%, and intense physical activity in 25.7%. Mild, moderate, and severe stress levels were experienced by 6.4 %, 83.4%, and 10.2% of students, respectively. The relationship between physical activity and menstrual cycle showed a p-value of 0.215, while the relationship between stress level and menstrual cycle showed a p-value of 0.000. Based on these results, it can be concluded that physical activity is not associated with the menstrual cycle, but stress levels are related to it among female students at the Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University.

Perennial plants, such as trees native to temperate and boreal regions, exhibit meristems that undergo annual cycles of activity and rest to synchronize their growth cycles with seasonal changes, ensuring survival under harsh winter conditions. The arrest of shoot meristem growth, known as growth cessation, is a critical initial step for trees to enter dormancy. This process is triggered by a combination of endogenous and exogenous signals, yet the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying growth cessation remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Populus orthologs of APETALA2-like transcription factors (AP2Ls), the primary regulators of global proliferative arrest (GPA) in Arabidopsis, play a crucial role in the regulation of seasonal growth cessation in hybrid aspen trees. In particular, AP2Ls act as important activators of the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2), a key gene for short-day-induced growth cessation. This contrasts with the established role of AP2Ls as repressors of FT in annual plants. Yet, the pathway itself is conserved with the pathway regulating GPA in annual plants, a completely different process during the plant life cycle. Our research highlights both the conserved roles and functional diversities of AP2Ls in a more general balancing of meristem proliferation and arrest in perennial plants, providing insights into the evolutionary adaptation of growth regulation mechanisms across plant species.

The aim of this study was to find out whether, just like in March 2015, daily regular GPS positioning disturbances caused by ionospheric scintillations occurred in other months of the solar activity cycle 24. The GPS positioning 90-s kinematic solutions of selected 46 months covering 11 years were used to search for regular daily scintillation events. The hypothesis on predictable regular daily ionospheric scintillation was tested. Scintillation waves were discovered as a result of space weather impact with the sidereal day regularity. It leads to the conclusion that the radiation originates from the interplanetary medium. The enhancement of radiation waves by solar activity is similar to Pc1 waves. The regular daily ionospheric scintillation waves are recorded at any time of the day. In the years with low solar activity in 2010 and 2012, regular scintillation waves were not found. It cannot be claimed that the comparison of daily regular ionospheric scintillation cases over time with the mentioned Pc1 wave cases indicates any interrelation.

Abstract Urban parks often integrate seminatural habitats with areas of intensive human use and infrastructure. Wildlife behavior in such environments is influenced by various factors including human impacts, environmental conditions, and temporal rhythms of species. In this study, we analyzed location and activity data from 10 raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Forest Park, a large urban park in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. We first present metrics on Northern Raccoon (hereafter, raccoon) movement and space use, and then explore how road crossings correlate with movement. Our findings indicate that raccoon steps cross fewer roads than simulated steps, indicating an avoidance of road crossings despite the association of roads with food resources from human activities. Additionally, we employed tri-axial accelerometers to investigate factors affecting raccoon activity patterns. Our analysis reveals distinct annual and daily activity cycles and increased activity during warmer temperatures. We also show that total nighttime activity is highest during longer nights, despite increased hourly activity during shorter nights. Our results highlight the influence of environmental factors on urban wildlife behavior and illustrate how urban settings shape space use and movement.

Abstract The angular width of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) reflects their eruption scale, dynamics, and potential geoeffectiveness. To deepen our understanding of the hemispheric distribution characteristics of CME activities, we systematically investigate the north–south asymmetry of CMEs with different angular widths. Based on the white-light CME catalog from the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop during solar cycles 23–25, our main results are as follows: (1) the temporal evolution of CME activity across solar cycles is primarily governed by normal and partial-halo CMEs, while narrow CMEs contribute relatively little to the overall variation; (2) CME activity in cycles 23 and 25 exhibits similar hemispheric patterns, with both cycles showing southern hemisphere dominance, in contrast to the northern dominance observed in cycle 24 (this difference may be attributed to the weaker heliospheric pressure during cycle 24); (3) the phase lag between CME activities in the two hemispheres is generally within five months. These findings reveal the solar activity cycle evolution of CME angular width distributions and hemispheric asymmetries, providing new physical constraints for understanding interhemispheric coupling in solar dynamo processes and improving space weather forecasting models.