Activities Of Scientific Institutions Research Articles

Критические настроения позднесоветской научно-академической интеллигенции в историческом и социокультурном контексте

The article deals with investigating into the conditions of the critical attitude spread among scientists and academicians during the period of 1960s–1990s towards some aspects of domestic and foreign state policy of that time. At the same time, the motives for such a criticism seem not to be obvious, since the social status and well-being of the scientific and academic intelligentsia, as well as its public prestige, was one of the highest among the socio-professional groups of Soviet society. To perceive criticism of Soviet scientists as a form of struggle against the regime does not seem entirely correct, since the critically thinking Soviet scientists did not seek to popularize their socio-political ideas and attract supporters from other social groups. On the contrary, the discussion on “complex” political and socio-economic aspects of the Soviet society took place within closed communities. In addition, the Soviet scientific intelligentsia of that time, unlike the pre-revolutionary intellectuals, did not idealize people; they did not have a sense of “guilt” towards it, as well as the idea of selfless “serving the people”. Soviet scientists perceived themselves as an elite, even aristocratic group, and this idea found expression in the science-fiction novel “Hard to Be a God” by the Soviet writers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. The main character of the novel is the historian Anton, who was sent to the Arkanar Kingdom on an alien planet and assumed the role of an aristocrat named Don Rumata. He masterfully uses a sword, enjoys phenomenal success with women and contributes to the progress of local humanity. The Soviet intellectuals of that time constructed their own elite professional and social identity using the practices of prestigious consumption and behavior and pursuing specific socialization strategies that were alternative to the official Soviet norms and rules of behavior. The self-identification of scientists as an elite group within the Soviet society was based on the social conditions for the development of science in the USSR in the 1950s–1960s such as a high level of prestige of scientific and academic activities, high expectations from science as well as creating relatively autonomous scientific centers (“Academic Town” or ZATO (‘closed administrative-territorial formation’) – closed towns with secret research installations). Such settlements were quite independent from the local and regional authorities being subordinated directly to Moscow. Besides, secrecy of closed cities or facilities limited the possibilities of the direct control and interference from regional party and state authorities in the activities of scientific institutions and scientists.

Experience of creating GIS portals as a platform for combining the results of scientific and learning activities of students

The article describes the experience of creating GIS portals as a platform for combining the results of scientific and educational activities of students of A. S. Pushkin Brest State University. GIS portals allow to combine large amounts of various types of information (descriptive, cartographic, graphic, photographic) and present it in a systematic way. The paper presents the experience of systematizing thematic geospatial information on the example of creating four GIS portals: "GIS portal of the Brest State University named after A.S. Pushkin", "Urbanological GIS platform of Brest", "GIS portal of the student research group "Constructive geography and GIS”, “Educational GIS platform for schoolchildren”. For each GIS portal, a description of its thematic structure (main sections and subsections), as well as structural elements (web applications, video materials, text descriptions, hyperlinks, etc.) is provided. GIS portals were implemented using various technologies: a website builder or a template for mapping web applications. The implemented GIS portals make it possible to combine a significant number of cartographic GIS products made by students. These GIS products are systematized on the portal pages by type, subject, purpose, GIS template and other features. The created GIS portals can be used in the activities of educational institutions, government bodies, in the activities of scientific institutions.

Management of the Tourist Region - Identification of the determinants of Innovation

The objective of this paper is to identify the entities responsible for creating the environment of aninnovative tourism region and to identify the activities that create it. The expert method was used in the paper.Pilot studies were conducted in November 2017, basic studies were conducted in May and June 2018, as well asin June 2019. The research tool was a questionnaire. The CAWI technique was used. The results were subject tostatistical calculations. The empirical results show that four categories of factors determine the innovativepotential of the tourism region, these are: knowledge, services market, policy, as well as the management systemand civil society. The most important factors are the policy and management, as well as scientific institutions.The task Policy and Management include: availability of non-repayable funds in the tourism sector and themanagement system, as well as creating the image and brand of the tourist reception area. The basic activities ofscientific institutions include the availability of scientific and technical knowledge and researching tourists’expectations. Originality/value of the research: The added value of the research results is the hierarchization ofentities operating in the tourist region due to their importance in the innovation process of the tourist region. Itwas identified that science and technology parks should play a leading role in the process of the development ofinnovation in a tourist region. Their most important tasks were identified as: availability of scientific and technicalknowledge, and researching tourists' expectations. Scientific activities should be supported by a highly developedinformation system, primarily in the area of tracking the innovation market and the availability of information onthe latest innovations. Research has shown that non-repayable financial programmes play an important role inthe innovation process of the tourist regions in Poland. From the scientific point of view, the research contributesto the further in-depth analysis of the innovativeness of a tourism region and the creation of the theoretical conceptof the tourism region innovation model. From a practical point of view, the results of the research can help todevelop programmes and strategies aimed at increasing the innovative potential of the tourism region.

Open Science as a Component of Transparent Information Space for Scientists: Domestic And Foreign Context

The use of open science in the scientific activities of institutions allows to increase the level of information access and transparency of information about the results of scientific research and its promotion in the world. In turn, we need leverage and effective mechanisms to increase the level of transparency in the dissemination of science and the ability to obtain input from research. This article analyzes the work of representatives of national and international scientific schools on the study of open science and its impact on the scientific activity of organizations. The conceptual category of «open science» is considered. The main components of open science in the system of scientific activity of organizations are studied, which include: easy access to scientific products, transparent review of research results, open methodological complex, accessible educational process and the possibility of using software products without limited access. The scientific principles of openness, which characterize the formation of open science, which include the principles of quality and integrity, benefits for society, equality and justice, diversity and inclusiveness. The practical mechanisms of the influence of open science on the scientific activity of institutions are studied. A comparative analysis of the practical implementation of open science in the European Union, the United States and the African continent. Author's proposals on the ways of development of open science and its impact on the scientific activity of institutions are formed, which include: increasing the transparency of information about the scientific results of institutions and scientific results of scientists; formation in society of positive views on the academic integrity of scientific products and services; raising the level of European integration processes of the domestic scientific space. The main conclusions of scientific research and outlined further ways of scientific research are formed.

Питання організації менеджменту створення, охорони об’єктів права інтелектуальної власності та трансферу технологій у наукових установах

The successful implementation of the Strategy for the development of the sphere of innovation activity for the period up to 2030 involves taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of management of the creation, protection of intellectual property rights objects (IPRO) and technology transfer. Therefore, the article is aimed at studying these aspects in scientific institutions and developing effective proposals in this context. The article considers the importance of the role of objects of intellectual property rights in the activities of scientific institutions and the need for full functioning in these institutions of the units for technology transfer, innovation activity and intellectual property. The authors examine the problems that hinder the development of such units in scientific institutions and institutions of higher education. Based on the research of the experience of the aforementioned units in both domestic and foreign scientific institutions, it is recommended to introduce and develop in Ukraine mechanisms of the State support for innovation activities, technology transfer, commercialization of research results, intellectual property objects taking into account the experience of the EU Member States, technologically developed countries, directed towards developing innovations in business; combining business and scientific institutions, higher education institutions for research and development for transfer of technologies in the interests of enterprises; support of high-tech industries; development of innovative activities at the regional level. Important issues, in particular, are the development of model agreements for research and development with various options for the distribution of intellectual property rights between scientific organizations and national or foreign counterparties, which would take into account the international practice of concluding such agreements; development of provisions defining the peculiarities of creation and use of intellectual property objects by employees of the NAS of Ukraine who work in foreign projects and scientific institutions, as well as foreign specialists conducting research and development in institutions of the NAS of Ukraine. The nuances of management of the creation, protection of objects of intellectual property rights and technology transfer in scientific institutions related to the innovative attractiveness of enterprises are planned to be highlighted in further scientific research.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ НАУКОЕМКИХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ

The modern economy is characterized by an accelerated pace of technology change, which is due to extremely high speeds and the ability to process information as data that changes uncertainty in the course of solving business problems, primarily knowledge about the market and consumer interests, as well as studying the positions of competitors and the competitive environment. The state of the technological environment is directly related to the activities of scientific institutions as generators of ideas and the practical implementation of the results of their work through research and development. In this regard, the scientific and practical problem of assessing the effectiveness of production as a whole is supplemented by the problem of assessing the effectiveness of high-tech industries, which include research institutes whose main activity is research and development. This article proposes a methodology for managing the release and promotion of innovative products to the markets as innovative investment projects are implemented.

Обґрунтування рекомендацій щодо впровадження інформаційних систем в наукову та науково-технічну діяльність Міністерства Оборони України та Збройних Сил України

В статті запропоновано методику впровадження інформаційних систем в наукову та науково-технічну діяльність наукових (освітніх) установ (організацій, підрозділів), наведено її основні положення та результати апробації. За результатами апробації (застосування) методики на прикладі одного з наукових підрозділів вищого військового навчального закладу Міністерства оборони України запропоновано Концепцію побудови інформаційної системи окремої наукової установи (підрозділу.

Ontological model for evaluating the effectiveness of scientific institutions

The article presents an approach to assessing the quality of functioning of scientific institutions based on ontologies. Today, there are a large number of scientific institutions and specialized organizations whose efficiency depends on the quality of the services they provide. In the course of their operation, institutions accumulate a large amount of information (scientific articles, reports, employee ratings, economic indicators, etc.) that can be used to evaluate them automatically by national criteria. This study proposes to use an ontological model to store, present and manipulate with such information. Ontologies are new intelligent tools for finding resources on the Internet, new methods for representing and processing knowledge and queries. They are able to accurately and efficiently describe the semantics of data for a certain domain and solve the problem of incompatibility and inconsistency of concepts. The ontological approach allows the continuous improvement of the model based on basic ontologies by completing and developing them The ontology will allow not only to structure and systematize the data of scientific institutions, but also to perform the procedure of quality assessment through the mechanism of ontological logical inference. A general ontology for describing the activities of scientific institutions is represented by a system of five connected components. In the paper the structure of such a system is described, basic elements of its ontologies and the connections between them are highlighted. The ontology of the scientific institution activity is developed using specific technological platform TEDAOS - “Transdisciplinary Educational Dialogues of Applications’ Ontology Systems”.

Розвиток інституту механіки ім. С.П. Тимошенко НАН України (1941-1968)

The chronological sequence of the main stages of the development of Institute of Mechanics of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences named after S.P. Тymoshenko and process of its scientific directions formation during 1941-1968 are depicted in this article. The data of the structure and trends of the institute activities, theoretical and experimental researches, relations with industry and personnel training are represented. At the end of 1968 at Institute of mechanics the following departments functioned: a rheology (H.M. Savin), thermoelasticity and thermoрlasticity (A.D. Kovalenko), loudspeakers and stability of continuous environments (O. M. Huz), construction mechanics of thin-walled designs (I. Ya. Amiro), pilot studies of designs (P.S. Polyakov), plastic deformations in designs (A.I. Strelbytska), plasticity of materials (M.I. Cherniak), computing methods (Ya.M. Hryhorenko), theory of fluctuations (V.O. Kononenko), hydroelasticity (M.O. Kilchevskyi), physics and technology (S.V. Malashenko), experimental methods of a research of fluctuations (M.P. Hotyaintsev), mechanics of composite environments (H.A. Vanin), methods of calculations and designing of products from composite materials (O.A. Horoshko), modeling of designs from composite materials (V.Р. Besonov), a research of properties of new materials (I.I. Ishchenko), static durability (F.P. Beliankin), fatigue of designs (M.E. Harf), dynamics and firmness of the movement (A.N. Holubentsev). Over time reorganization and merges of some subsections was carried out. Scientific activity of institute was directed to development of fundamental research of mechanics of the solid deformed body and the general mechanics which have applied value, and participation in the solution of practical tasks. At the same time works were conducted at such main scientific directions: in the field of basic scientific research (the mechanic (statics, dynamics and stability) of elements of designs and materials at complex (power, thermal electromagnetic, etc.) influences; analytical mechanics, nonlinear fluctuations of systems of bodies and multiphase environments) in the field of applied research works (development of methods of calculations and means of a research of objects of the new equipment, development of methods of designing and creation of skilled products from high-strength composite materials, development of methods and technical means of program tests for fatigue of materials and natural elements of designs taking into account features of their operation. The powerful kernel of the Kyiv school of mechanics which concentrated and developed the activity at Institute of mechanics is created.

A method to evaluate the scientific activity quality of HEIs based on a scientometric subjects presentation model

The study suggests a method of integral assessment of the scientific activity quality of higher educational establishments and other structural research units or organizations dealing in one way or another with scientific activities. This method involves the development of a model for representing scientometric subjects. According to the developed model, it is necessary to evaluate consistently the entire chain of subjects of scientometrics – published works, authors, and journals. Hence, it will produce estimates for each higher education institution. Taking into account that a number of requirements and criteria to be met by each institution of higher education are presented, the expedient task is to develop a method for converting qualitative indicators of scientific activity of institutions into quantitative ones. This can be achieved using a set of activities that underlies the method of assessing the quality of scientific work of HEIs. Having calculated the indicators of the quality of scientific activity for universities, it is possible to obtain prerequisites for the definition of similar indicators for subjects located at the lower levels of the scientific hierarchy. These include structural units of universities, published scientific works and scholars who are the authors of the published scientific works. It can be done by using the metric that is described in this study. The research observations on the assessment of the significance of higher education institutions and research units show that more often than not institutions must follow a certain template of requirements and criteria that is common to all institutions and organizations. It is obvious that such an approach should be considered inappropriate in the view that each higher education institution exists only within its category and institutions are compared as equivalent. Therefore, an urgent need is to categorize higher education institutions, which clearly outlines the boundaries to which one or another institution relies on a number of parameters. It is substantiated that the categorization of HEIs should be carried out using fuzzy logic methods, taking into account the similarity coefficients of the institutions. A sequence of actions is also identified in the study, which should be followed to ensure that the selected HEI categories have been correctly formed under a number of reporting settings