Active Volcanoes In Indonesia Research Articles

Analisis Pelaksanaan Stockpile Terpadu dalam Tata Kelola Pertambangan di Kabupaten Lumajang

Community economy and Local Original Income as part of factors in regional development. One of the utilization of regional potential is natural resources. Lumajang Regency as one of the districts in East Java Province with the existence of Mount Semeru as one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia. Stockpile is a place that is used as a location for stockpiling mining products of IUP owners. Sand stockpiles are spread in almost all areas of Lumajang Regency. Stockpile management is part of the existing sand business license. Stockpile managers must have an IUP either on their own business or in cooperation with the IUP owner. In improving and structuring existing stockpiles in the Lumajang Regency area, the Lumajang Regency Government through Lumajang Regent Regulation number 40 of 2022 concerning Integrated Stockpiles is expected to organize and increase Regional Original Revenue (PAD) in the form of Non-Metal and Rock Mineral Taxes. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection in the form of interviews, observations and collection of existing regulatory documents. The informants of this research are individuals who are directly involved in mining activities or activities, communities around the integrated stockpile, the community of Lempeni Village, Tempeh District, which has a stockpile divided into an integrated stockpile, regional officials in charge of Non-Metal and Rock Mineral Tax and stockpile managementintegrated. The result of this study is that the community's economy for mining management at integrated stockpile locations increases with the growth of non-formal professions of the surrounding community, namely ticket guards, cleaners, stalls, as joggers, security officers and traffic. Meanwhile, in the people of Lempeni Village, Tempeh District, before there was an integrated stockpile, there was a reduced stockpile and even no longer worked in the mining sector, namely some did not work and some worked as factory workers.

Numerical simulation and redesign of Kamar Kajang Levee against Mount Semeru lahar flood based on HEC-RAS 2D non-newtonian flow model

Mount Semeru is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia where the pyroclastic, debris, and mudflows from its activities have severely damaged its surrounding areas. On December 4, 2021, Mount Semeru erupted, followed by intense rainfall, and damaged the Kamar Kajang Levee after a lahar flood event. The collapsed Levee was located along the Leprak Lumajang River, one of the natural drainage systems for Mount Semeru. The dyke failure had led to severe economic loss. Thus, reconstruction of the training dyke is highly important. In response, this research aims to propose an improvement to the Kamar Kajang Levee. This study was done through field observation, numerical simulation, and levee design calculation. The Non-Newtonian algorithm in HEC-RAS 6.2 was employed to model the flood events. The 2D model has been verified using a Sentinel-2 image and has shown a 90.7% similarity of inundated area after flooded by at least 214 m3/s of flood discharge, equivalent to a 5-year design discharge. The engineering design analysis shows that an additional 3.5 m height is needed to anticipate future floods and mitigate events effectively.

Community-Based land use models for sustainable livelihoods in Merapi Volcano disaster prone areas III in Sleman Regency

Merapi Volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia. The disaster-prone areas of Merapi Volcano are divided into three levels, namely disaster-prone areas I, II, and III. Level III area being the highest risk area. Disaster-prone area III of Merapi Volcano is a place for people’s daily activities to manage their livelihood assets such as farming and gardening, livestock, sand mining, and tourism. This study aims to analyze land use in disaster-prone areas III of Merapi Volcano, find the relationship between land use and community preparedness, and find a model of sustainable land use in disaster-prone areas based on the community. The research method uses qualitative methods with participatory rural appraisal techniques. The research was conducted in villages located in disaster-prone areas III of Merapi Volcano which are included in the Sleman Regency area. The results of the research are finding the land use models based on spatial and temporal considerations and a community-based land use model at the micro to macro level in disaster-prone areas III. This research can be input for policy makers, institutions working in the field of disaster, further research, and for the wider community in carrying out land use in disaster-prone areas.

The effectivity of community-based early warning system on reducing Semeru eruption impact post-eruption 2021

Disaster communication plays an essential role in the disaster risk management phase. In general, this disaster communication can be divided into three, namely: pre-disaster, during the disaster, and post-disaster. Disaster communication in Indonesia has been extensively implemented in various disaster events. Semeru volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia whose eruption period cannot be predicted with certainty. Hot clouds falling from the Semeru volcano in 2021, which resulted in casualties, loss, and property damage, proves that disaster communication in the Semeru Disaster Prone Area needs to run more effectively. The Early Warning System currently in effect in the Semeru Volcano disaster-prone area comes from several parties, including 1) Semeru Volcano Observation Post, 2) Field Officers of the Lumajang Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency, and the Community in Simbar Semeru in collaboration with Magma ESDM. This study analyzes disaster information and communication effectiveness in the Semeru Volcano Hazardous Area after the 2021 Eruption. Primary data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and observations. In-depth interviews with each stakeholder responsible for providing information to the public. The study results show that the pre-eruption of Mount Semeru disaster communication in 2021 has yet to be maximized. This is evidenced by the fact that residents still need awareness and preparedness to face the dangers of Semeru Volcano eruptions. Meanwhile, after the Semeru eruption of 2021, the population has been alerting to any increase in Semeru Volcano activity.

Pengembangan Sistem Peringatan Dini Bencana Banjir Lahar Hujan Merapi di Sungai Blongkeng Kabupaten Magelang

Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and is located in the Sleman Regency area of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province and the Magelang, Klaten and Boyolali Regencies in Central Java Province. There are tools to support the early warning system located at stations or posts around the Blongkeng River. This tool is still active and is needed to notify you if a rain lava flood disaster will occur with a water level sensor. Therefore, a warning system model is needed that can be utilized by the community around Blongkeng. This research was conducted using qualitative methods with data obtained through FGD/Interviews, Observation and documentation studies. The subjects of this research were 15 residents living around the Blongkeng River. The research results show that the existing device developed can provide information to the people around Blongkeng if the water level is dangerous and has the potential for lava flooding. From the results of interviews, observations and documentation studies, it shows that the community needs tools and systems to receive early warnings when a rain lava flood disaster occurs. Furthermore, as a means of information for villages located on the top/slopes of Mount Merapi to be able to provide information to villages located below it when lava floods will occur. Existing devices can provide information to people living around the Blongkeng River if the water level is dangerous and has the potential for rain lava flooding, although there are still several obstacles because there are tools at the Salamsari Station/Post that need to be calibrated.

Edukasi mitigasi bencana gunung meletus di wilayah BPBD Klaten

Background:Indonesia is a country crossed by the equator which has various kinds of potential natural beauty such as beaches, lakes, caves, waterfalls, mountains and others. On the island of Java there are 35 volcanoes,Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and even in the world. Efforts to reduce disaster risk are carried out before a disaster occurs,which is called risk management, while after a disaster occurs,it is called impact management. The results of disaster mitigation efforts are used for the disaster preparedness process.Objective:Education is carried out to increase knowledge of the community, especially in communities that are in areas prone to the Mount Merapi disaster.Method:Community service is carried out using educational video media which is given to communities that are vulnerable to being affected by Mount Merapi.Result:The results of the student pretest showed that 70% of the participants did not understand about volcanic eruption mitigation and 30% of the students already understood. The posttest was carried out with the same questions as the pretest and the results showed that 93% students already understood the issue. explanation of mitigation for the volcanic eruption disaster.Conclusion:There is an increase in knowledge after disaster mitigation education is carried out.

Lahar Inundation Estimation of Mount Semeru Relating to the 4th December 2021 Volcano Eruption

The Semeru volcano – located at the boundary region of Lumajang and Malang districts of East Java province, Indonesia – which is categorized as one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia was enormously erupted the volcanic materials – the hot lahar and the volcanic ash - on 4th December 2021. The scale of the eruption event caused some disaster to several villages along the path of the lahar and volcanic ash in south to southeast direction from the Mount Semeru lahar dome. An inundation simulation of the lahar is done as a contribution to mitigating the disaster that may potentially occur in the future. The LAHARZ algorithm was used for these estimation calculations. The Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) were used as the base data for estimating and simulating the lahar inundation scenario. The use of two types of elevation model data in the simulation was done for study the inundation characteristics in the presence of forest vegetation. Three scenarios of lahar volume were used for simulating the inundation over elevation models. Results of the estimation then be compared to the actual lahar inundation that was delineated from the high-resolution satellite images. Lahar flow simulations using DTM show that more flows were formed compared to using DSM. The DTM simulation results showed a flow that more closely resembled the existing flow map compared to the DSM simulation results.

Capacity Of Magelang Regency In Protecting The Historical Site Of Mendut Temple From Mount Merapi Eruption

Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is administratively located on the western side of the mountain in Magelang Regency. There is a historical site, namely the Mendut Temple in Magelang Regency which was affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi. To reduce the impact of the eruption of Mount Merapi on the historical site of Mendut Temple, capacity and cooperation from stakeholders in the Magelang Regency area are needed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the capacity of Magelang Regency in protecting the historical site of Mendut Temple from Mount Merapi Eruption. This research method uses a qualitative approach with the locus of research conducted in the Magelang Regency area. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. As for data checking by triangulation and data analysis techniques using interactive analysis models. The results of the study show that mitigation focuses on structural aspects, especially post-disaster activities by covering tarpaulins while non-structural ones are not optimal due to gaps in coordination, communication and cooperation between agencies. The Mount Merapi disaster risk assessment in increasing the capacity of Magelang Regency through strategic efforts ranging from study procedures or SOPs to well-prepared scenarios and alternatives such as several evacuation signs and symbols. Aspects of innovation and knowledge have been carried out by Magelang Regency through the sister village program to provide information on evacuation with a mutual cooperation system. The Magelang Regency disaster risk factor in the aspect of the policy plan refers to existing regulations and has prepared land for settlements for eruption disaster victims with a grant system from the Magelang Regency Government. Institutional capacity needs to be understood together by collaborating and establishing a shared consensus on the policies to be built.

Implementation of Volcano Eruption Disaster Management Policy in Magelan Indonesia

Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and is located in Magelang. Klakah village is located in the Boyolali regency and is included in the Merapi disaster prone area, while Gantang village is located in the Magelang regency, which is included in the safe zone, away from the threat of Merapi. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of the “sister village” policy in the event that Mount Merapi erupts in the Magelang and Boyolali districts. This research was conducted using qualitative methods with data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation with five research subjects: Klakah village FPRB, Gantang village FPRB, Klakah-Gantang twin village facilitator, Magelang district BPBD, and Boyolali district BPBD. The results showed that based on the indicators of the sister village policy implementation, the sister village has been running since 2019, but there are several indicators that have not been implemented optimally. Thus, there needs to be better cooperation between the BPBD, sister village, and NGOs so that the implementation of the sister village policy can be carried out optimally. The implementation of the sister village policy resulted in the following proposals: (1) an information system, (2) resource assessment, (3) disposition in the form of a committee, and (4) a contingency plan structure.
 Keywords: policy, implementation, Sistem village, disaster management, eruptions

Spatial Analysis of the Semeru Eruption Disaster Area

Semeru, the most active volcano in Indonesia, erupted again in December 2021. This study aimed to map the impact of damages due to the eruption and map the incompatibility of land use with the Spatial Planning. The study was carried out through multitemporal spatial analysis to map the impact of the eruption damages, while the analysis of suitability and land use direction was carried out by overlaying land use maps with Spatial Planning maps. Sentinel-1B image data were analyzed using a maximum likelihood approach to obtain land use classification before and after the eruption. The results of the study showed that the eruption had an impact on the destruction of 1001.2 Ha of High-Density Forest, 624.9 Ha of Medium-Density Forest, 450.8 Ha of Rice Fields, 436.7 Ha of Agricultural Fields, 91 Ha of Settlements, and 3.1 Ha of Water bodies in Lumajang Regency. The results of the analysis show that in the affected area, there is a spatial plan direction of a residential area of 109.7 Ha. In addition to that, the high impact of the disaster is also due to the incompatibility of land use in the conservation area as a residential area of 515.4 Ha.

Volcanic Ash Fall Hazard of Mount Merapi on Yogyakarta Nuclear Area

The existence of nuclear installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area is vulnerable to the eruption of Mount Merapi, the most active volcano in Indonesia. Tephra hazard has the potential to threaten the operational activities of nuclear installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area; thus, it is necessary to analyze the distribution and potential hazard of volcanic ash from Mount Merapi for future eruptions. Numerical modelling is used in analyzing tephra distribution using TEPHRA2 software with parameters of the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption, which is then visualized to isomass and isopach maps of tephra distribution. The analysis resulted in the ash dispersion leading to the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area in April, May, June, and August with an accumulated mass of 20-50 kg/m3 with a thickness of 0.2-12 cm. It is necessary to deal with volcanic ash hazards such as roof strength, secondary cooling system, filtering system, and electrical system for several installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area.

Ambient Seismic Noise Cross – Correlation of the Tangkuban Parahu Volcano, West Java Indonesia: Preliminary Result

Tangkuban Parahu is an active volcano in Indonesia that is part of the Quaternary Sunda volcanic arc. We used the vertical component of waveform recorded by 55 temporary seismic stations deployed around Tangkuban Parahu volcano from October 2021 to February 2022 to gain a thorough understanding of its seismic structure. To extract empirical Green’s functions, we computed cross-correlations of the vertical component of continuous record data. The empirical Green’s function was extracted from the daily data series, and the cross-correlation data from each day was stacked into a single inter-station cross-correlation data set. The empirical Green’s Function is seen at the band period 1-10 s. In this preliminary result, we obtained the Rayleigh wave group velocity map in period 1 s. The result shows a low-velocity value around the crater surrounded by high velocities. The low velocity is related to the weak zone or fluid presence.

Factors Related to Community Preparedness in Dealing with a Mountain Disaster Erupting: A Literature Review

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with the longest volcano in the world. Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes or about 13% of the world's active volcanoes in Indonesia. That makes this country has the largest number of volcanoes in the world. To prevent the occurrence of many casualties during a volcanic disaster, community preparedness is needed in dealing with disasters. Therefore, this study wants to know the factors related to community preparedness in dealing with volcanic eruption disasters based on a literature review. There are several search engines to find relevant journal articles, including Google Scholar, Proquest, and Pubmed, then established inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PICOS method to select and evaluate the quality of papers related to the topic. The search keywords employed were "preparedness factors" and "volcanic eruptions" for Google Scholar and "preparedness factors" and "volcano eruption" for ProQuest and PubMed. The journal article search instrument or tool used is zetero. Through study literature, it shows that there are factors related to the community's preparedness to face a disaster of volcano eruptive; It is the factor of knowledge and attitude. There are several differences in the research findings for knowledge and attitude factors. One researcher establishes a link between preparedness and knowledge and attitudes, and several knowledge and attitude studies do not discuss the link between community preparedness and volcanic eruptions. Meanwhile, there is no mention of the relationship between community preparedness and volcanic eruptions in the policy and guiding considerations, disaster plans, early warning systems, or resource mobilization capabilities. There is a link between knowledge and attitudes toward community preparedness to face a volcanic eruption. In contrast, from 6 articles, there was no discussion about the relationships between policy factors and guidelines, disaster plans, early warning systems, and resource mobilization capacity for community preparedness to face a disaster of volcanic eruptions.

Development And Evaluation Of The Webgis Application To Support Volcanic Hazard Mitigation In The Southern Flank Of Merapi Volcano, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

Merapi Volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is located in the Central Java and Yogyakarta Province. The eruption of Merapi Volcano is a threat to people living on the slopes of Merapi, especially on its denselypopulated southern flank. The purpose of this study was to build a webGIS to support volcanic hazard mitigation regarding Merapi Volcano and evaluate the webGIS system for determining the community’s perception. This research was the first to produce a product that is used by government agencies related to volcanic disaster mitigation. webGIS development was carried out using an open source platform. System evaluation was carried out using usability testing. The samples were obtained using systematic the random sampling method of respondents who lived in the villages on the southern flank of Merapi volcano. webGIS was built using LeafletJS and QGIS, combined with spatial data about the evacuation locations, health facilities, evacuation routes, government offices, educational facilities and worship facilities, with a basemap obtained from Openstreet Map and Google Satellite. WebGIS was equipped with a database query feature to make it easier for users to find geographical information. The usability testing results showed that as many as 83% of the respondents were very satisfied with the appearance and information of webGIS, while as many as 82% were very satisfied with the navigation offered via the webGIS display.

COVID-19 and health behaviors of the vulnerable group in the disaster-prone area:a case study of volcano-prone Merapi, Indonesia

As the world’s fourth most populous country, Indonesia is predicted to suffer greatly from the pandemic. One of the most vulnerable groups in Indonesia is those living in the disaster-prone areas where access to health services is limited. This study aims to identify whether households in the disaster-prone area were already aware of and have implemented protective health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The location of the study was at Dongkelsari settlement houses in the Disaster-Prone Area III of Mount Merapi, the most active volcano in Indonesia. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the quantitative data collected from face-to-face interviews with 142 out of 161 households residing in that area. Our findings suggest that knowledge about disease and prevention is quite high in our sample. More than 90% of the sample were already aware of COVID-19 transmission and understood that washing hands and wearing facemasks can prevent the spread of COVID-19. This high level of awareness is inseparable from the active role of community leaders in Dongkelsari area. However, only less than half of the sample reported practicing safe physical distancing. In conclusion, our study relies on field observation, and this complements the existing evidence by capturing a clearer picture of the COVID-19 awareness among the underrepresented population living in the disaster-prone area of Merapi volcano.

Kearifan Lokal dalam Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Api di Padukuhan Pangukrejo Pasca Erupsi 2010

Title: Local Wisdom in Volcanic Disaster Mitigation in Pangukrejo Village Post 2010 Eruption Merapi, as one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia, become a threat to the surrounding settlements. Especially large eruption that happened in the 2010 which created crater openings that increased the potential for eruptions leading to Pangukrejo Village, as one of it's area. On the other hand, Pangukrejo Village included in the Disaster-Prone Area III (KRB III) but refused to be relocated. After the 2010 eruption, people realized that they need not only local wisdom but also mitigation efforts by government. Until now, both local wisdom and disaster mitigation have worked together to increasing the preparedness of the people in this village to face future eruptions of Merapi. This study aims to identify local wisdom that still being carried out and worked together with disaster mitigation in Pangukrejo Village, which reviewed from the physical aspects, such as zone planning, early warning systems, and building design. The research use descriptive qualitative method with data analysis using content analysis technique and choosing respondents using purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the research, it was finally found that there are the same meanings and interrelated key patterns that make local wisdom still being carried out and worked together with disaster mitigation.

Strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in volcano-prone areas: A case study in Mount Semeru, Indonesia

Abstract Mount Semeru is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and the highest mountain in Java Island. Although the island is prone to volcanic eruptions, it is densely populated and also home to several farmers. The aim of this study is to analyze the strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in Mount Semeru. This study involves 150 farmers who were randomly selected from terrains located at altitudes between 6 and 10 km in Mount Semeru. This study shows that farmers benefit significantly from the fertile lands resulting from volcanic eruptions. And they are highly motivated to engage in mitigation activities to reduce the impacts of eruption; therefore, they tend to participate in mitigation education or programs organized by government or private institutions. Support with the information and financial access regarding any mitigation strategies can help farmers a lot. Coordination among stakeholders to support mitigation strategies is necessary because all the parties are equally responsible for alleviating the impacts of volcanic eruptions. Any strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in volcano areas also can be supported by community resilience.

Identifikasi Mekanisme Kedalaman Gempa Vulkanik Gunungapi Soputan Menggunakan Data Seismik Vulkanik Dalam Periode April-Mei 2014

Indonesian An archipelago country that has many volcanoes, namely 147 volcanoes 127 of which are active volcanoes. Spread in several regions of Indonesian following the boundaries of the active plate starting from the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Flores, Sulawesi and Maluku. Soputan volcano is one of 127 active volcanoes in Indonesia, is a Strato volcano. As an active tecto-volcanic country, with many volcanoes we try to minimize and prevent the dangers posed by volcanic eruptions. Based on these thoughts, to date in Indonesian various methods of volcanic natural disasters have been carried out, including earthquakes (seismic). Volcanic earthquakes usually occur in the area around volcanoes and their magnitudes are generally very small, averaging less than 5 on the Richter Scale. The depth of the volcanic earthquake ranges from 0-40 km. Based on the hypocentrum distribution of the depth of the epicenter, it shows that the earthquake point that occurred before the eruption was at a depth of 0 km - 2 km at sea level, while the point of the earthquake that occurred during the eruption was at a depth of 0 km - 2 km below sea level, the point of the earthquake that occurred after the eruption it is at a depth of 0 km - 3 km below sea level. The mechanism for the eruption of Mount Soputan Volcano is a visual change in the vegetation around the crater, the plants turn yellow and can die, as soon as the thin crater turns gray.

Community and infrastructure preparedness towards the implementation of sister village disaster mitigation program

As one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, Merapi Volcano has potential risk towards the inhabitants living nearby. After the 2010 paroxysmal eruption, Sister Village program was established in Magelang Regency as an alternative strategy to a better disaster management by evacuating people living in the highest volcanic disaster-prone area (affected villages) to safer zones (buffer villages). By taking location in Tamanagung Village, Muntilan Sub-district, Magelang Regency as buffer village, this research tries to understand how the Sister Village program is implemented in this area, specifically to understand community and infrastructure preparedness. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data taken directly in the field by using questionnaires towards 40 respondents, checklists, and interview with keypersons. Community preparedness were analyzed using four parameters: knowledge, policy and guideline, emergency response plan and resource mobilization. The results showed that among four parameters, only knowledge parameter showing a good preparedness, while the four others still need to be improved. The use of information technology by the public, such as Whatsapp application, is widely growing. In terms of infrastructure preparedness in the buffer village, some enhancements in terms of capacity, infrastructure safety, health aspects, and comfort are still necessary.

Fish diversity and heavy metal accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn after Mount Sinabung Eruption in Benuken River, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Pebriani MA, Barus TA, Ilyas S. 2021. Fish diversity and heavy metal accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn after Mount Sinabung Eruption in Benuken River, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 187-194. The Benuken River is a river that has been affected by the volcanic ash eruption of Mount Sinabung, one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia. This study further examines the diversity of fish species and the analysis of their tissues with regard to the heavy metal content of each species in the Benuken River, Berastepu Village, Karo Regency after the eruption of Mount Sinabung using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The fish and water sampling were carried out in March 2019 with two sampling points using the electrofishing technique. Furthermore, four species were documented, including Spotted barb (Puntius binotatus), River loaches (Homaloptera nebulosa), Mahseer (Tor soro), and Striped snakehead (Channa striata). The diversity index of the fish community from two study sites ranged between 0.012<H' <0.023 or was categorized as very low in diversity. Meanwhile, the heavy metals concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in the water of Benuken River were below tolerance level based on the Governmental Regulations No. 82 year 2001. The average heavy metal concentrations in fish tissue were also safe for consumption based on the standard quality by FAO/WHO (2004) with 0.0049 ppm, 0.0056 ppm and 0.3852 ppm of Pb, Cu and Zn, respectively.