Claims-based analyses can suffer from residual and unmeasured confounding due to factors that are poorly captured in claims. Some of these factors may be measured in other data sources, such as in structured fields of electronic health records (EHR), for example, laboratory test results, or in free-text physician notes. We conducted a proof-of-principle study to demonstrate a process for evaluating the potential risk of confounding-factors poorly captured in claims data but measurable in the EHR as part of drug safety surveillance activities. In future practical applications, this approach could be used along with other sensitivity analyses to evaluate potential residual confounding (e.g., E-values, negative controls). We used claims-EHR linked data from the Mass General Brigham site of the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Sentinel Real World Evidence Data Enterprise. We extracted a cohort that was previously used in a prototypical Sentinel claims-based query that compared initiators of sacubitril-valsartan vs. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers on the risk of angioedema. In this cohort, we used EHR data to characterize angioedema risk factors poorly captured in claims and observed that claims-based proxies balanced most risk factors that were measurable only in EHR data. While quantitative bias analysis methods can be used to adjust for residual confounding using external information on magnitude and direction of bias, this was deemed unnecessary for this example due to the observed balance achieved on risk factors for angioedema measured in the EHR. A robust linked EHR-claims data infrastructure is crucial for routine application of these methods to evaluate and mitigate residual confounding in drug safety surveillance studies.

Drama education is thought to have an influence on the personality development of students who take part in theatre activities. However, drama is a complex process that consists of various elements and phases, such as warm-ups, acting, role work, feedback, and reflection phases. It is still unclear how each of these elements impacts the personality of participants in drama, that is, which effect each element may have on (changes in) the students’ personality. To explore this question, we conducted a longitudinal single-group study with fifty 10-15-year-old students in drama clubs at school. Our aim was to investigate the relationships between the drama elements acting, role work, reflection, feedback on acting and on language and the students’ personality traits motivation, creativity, openness, empathy and foreign-language anxiety. Our study revealed ten significant effects between these drama elements and personality attributes of students, which may serve to boost desirable or mitigate adverse personality states in drama classes. • Drama education influences student personality states, including their motivation, creativity, openness, empathy, and foreign-language anxiety. • A quantitative longitudinal study was conducted in 8 school-based drama clubs with 50 students across 11 sessions using a 20-item questionnaire. • Drama elements show 10 distinct effects on student personality states, with acting increasing motivation, role work enhancing empathy, reflection fostering creativity, acting feedback increasing foreign-language anxiety, and more. • Results highlight the potential of drama education to foster socio-emotional development in children and adolescents, and suggest its broader integration into school curricula to support student growth.

The article presents a comparative analysis of assessment practices in adult education across six major Open Universities in Europe and Australia. Drawing on an extensive literature review, it explores how assessment functions as both a mechanism for validating learning and enhancing learner engagement, particularly within distance education environments. Central to the analysis is Scriven’s framework, which distinguishes formative and summative assessment based on their purpose—improvement or certification—rather than their timing. This distinction informs how various institutions structure their assessment systems to serve adult learners’ needs. Adult education is characterized by autonomy, prior learning experience, and intrinsic motivation. These learner traits necessitate flexible and supportive assessment strategies. Theoretical insights from Knowles, Jarvis, and Rogers support a shift toward learner-centered evaluation practices, favoring qualitative methods such as self-assessment, case studies, and reflective journals over traditional testing. These approaches are seen as more aligned with adult learning theory and more effective in promoting critical thinking and learner empowerment. The article examines assessment models at the UK Open University (UKOU), Hellenic Open University (HOU) in Greece, CNED (France), FernUniversität in Germany, UNED (Spain), and Open Universities Australia (OUA). While European institutions tend to emphasize continuous feedback and formative assessment—such as tutor-marked assignments, interactive discussions, and group work—Australian universities are more focused on authentic assessments linked to professional contexts. Role-playing, oral presentations, clinical simulations, and reflective portfolios are among the tools used to evaluate practical competencies and employability skills. A cross-cutting theme in all models is the integration of technology. E-assessment tools and online platforms increase accessibility, ensure timely feedback, and support diverse learning styles. Especially for adult learners balancing multiple responsibilities, these digital tools enable flexible assessment design and enhance learner engagement. Despite regional differences, all institutions share a commitment to fair, learner-centered assessment systems that integrate technological innovation. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of designing assessment practices that support both learning and validation. It calls for a redefinition of assessment as an active part of the learning process, tailored to the complex realities of adult learners. The study recommends further empirical research to deepen understanding of how assessment is experienced in practice and to inform future educational policy and design in open and distance learning contexts.

Implementation and service impact of anti-amyloid therapy in a psychiatry-led dementia care program: Real-world evidence from a Japanese regional dementia center.

Endoepicardial transmural lesion formation utilizing multipolar radiofrequency ablation.

Catholic schools in the Philippines are led by the religious in collaboration with lay people. In Don Bosco schools, where the teachers’ roles have evolved, they take a more active part in carrying out the school’s vision and mission. Also called Salesian educators, these teachers are guided by the preventive system of education which is anchored on reason, religion, and loving kindness. Some of them have already retired after at least twenty-five years of service. During those years, they have imbibed the principles of the preventive system of education through their rich experience in applying it to different generations of students. Using the phenomenological method, the study aims to explore the experiences of eight retired Salesian educators including their reflections on its relevance today. The findings showed they value and understand fully the meaning of the preventive system of education. Highlighting the importance of faith, presence, and discipline, they believe that it is a holistic development of students, forming them to become good Christians and honest citizens. Through presence and accompaniment, they were able to build meaningful relationships with the students. Looking deeply into their reflections, they believe on its relevance in the digital age, particularly in assisting the students in dealing with their mental health. Therefore, the school policies and programs should be enhanced according to the needs in the physical and virtual learning environments. Moreover, the preventive system should stay relevant by adapting to the changes and developments in education.

The use of generators with magnetoelectric excitation driven by gas turbine engines at power plants for the auxiliary needs of gas compressor stations is promising. Such generators have a high efficiency due to the absence of excitation losses, lower mechanical losses, and high specific power. One of their disadvantages is the coercive force and remnant magnetic flux density dependence of permanent magnets on the operating temperature, which is determined by the ambient temperature and the heating of the generator active parts, which depends on the load magnitude. The energy parameters of neodymium magnets directly affect generator performance such as output voltage and electromagnetic torque. At critical temperature increases, partial or complete demagnetization of permanent magnets is possible, disrupting the normal operation of the generator and power plant. In this paper, the temperature influence on the energy parameters of N38UH permanent V-shaped magnets used to excite an auxiliary power plant generator was investigated using the Ansys Maxwell software package. When solving the magnetostatic problem, the dependences of the magnetic flux density, magnetic field strength and magnetic energy at control points on their temperature during generator operation without load and under load were obtained. The magnets areas that are primarily subject to partial demagnetization and the demagnetization coefficient values as a function of temperature were determined. The Transient package assessed the temperature effect on the no-load EMF, output voltage, and electromagnetic torque of the generator. The degree to which these parameters are reduced and the impact of their reduction on normal generator operation was determined. Electromagnetic torque pulsations, which affect the generator's vibration characteristics, were calculated.

Professor Emmanuel Rashba worked in Kiev, Ukraine, from 1954 until 1966. An important part of his active scientific life belongs to this period. At that time in Ukraine various physical phenomena in semiconductors were widely investigated, and Rashba took an active part in the development of theory. In addition to well-known results obtained by him that are currently widely cited regarding the symmetry of electron bands, spin states, and the associated effects, Rashba also investigated electron transport in semiconductors under an electric field. Among these studies, a lot of his attention and publications were devoted to the so-called in the conductivity of semiconductor microstructures limited by their geometric dimensions due to the sample edges. In this brief article, we have tried to recall Rashba's pioneering works on the size effects and to show their influence on further development of the physics and theory in this interesting and important area of research. In particular, this shows that even then Rashba had a clear understanding that future development of electronics would be directly related to the miniaturization of semiconductor devices, where the influence of physical boundaries and sample edges significantly affect their electrical properties.

In 2025, it would have been 120 years since the birth of scientist and teacher Afanasy Ilyich Agroskin. This man dedicated his entire life to training of geodetic personnel in Siberia. A. I. Agroskin became an assistant at the Siberian Astronomy Geodetic Institute (Omsk) in1933. After the reorganization of the institute, he moved to Novosibirsk, where he was actively involved in teaching. In 1939, he was appointed the Director of the newly founded Novosibirsk Institute of Engineers of Geodesy, Aerial Photography and Cartography (NIIGAiK). During the Great Patriotic War, Afanasy Ilyich served in the 64th geodetic detachment, then in the military topographic department of the Volkhov Front headquarters, and from 1944 to1946 he was the Head of the topographic department of the 3rd Attack Army headquarters. Major Agroskin took an active part in supplying the army with topographic plans and maps during the Berlin operation. After the war, he returned to NIIGAiK and worked as Director for five years. From 1955 to 1957, he was on a foreign mission, where he gave a course of lectures on higher geodesy for his Chinese colleagues. Professor A. I. Agroskin headed the departments of geodesy and higher geodesy. During his years at the institute, he participated in training and education of thousands of geodetic engineers

The utilisation of cartoons as a medium to depict colonial spatiality and its contextual reading alongside other documentary typologies in the archives enables us to equate public space, a hermeneutic territory in which social criticism, moral function, artistic expression and cultural impact act as frontiers. This enables a re-evaluation of social values, even during pivotal moments such as the colonial war in Africa. Cid's approach conveys his artistic representation of the conflict, both as an active part of it and as a result of censorship.

Green synthesis is an eco-friendly, simple, and cost-effective process for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles from plant extracts that are rich in bioactive compounds. In the current study, the antioxidant potential and total soluble polyphenol content (TPC) of different parts of Ligusticum mutellina (L.) Crantz were evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays, and the results indicated that the seed extract was the most active plant part. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and catechin, which may contribute to the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the aqueous seed extract of L. mutellina. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The UV-Vis spectrum indicated a surface plasmon resonance peak at around 411 nm, and PXRD analysis indicated an average crystallite size of around 13 nm. TEM analysis revealed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 25.36 ± 10.76 nm. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Overall, the results demonstrate that L. mutellina seed extract represents an effective natural source of reducing and stabilizing agents for green nanoparticle synthesis and highlight the potential of the obtained AgNPs as environmentally friendly antimicrobial materials.

Aim . To describe research on emotional intensity, interest, and process of life of cadets in a departmental higher educational institution. Methodology . The article provides both a content analysis of theoretical literature and a method of interpretation of normative legal acts; empirical methods of description and interpretation and psychological diagnostic methods such as the methodology of “Life Orientation” and “Lifeline” are applied. Results . The satisfaction of cadets with their life is testified by high indicators in academic performance in academic disciplines, opportunity to engage in sports, amateur artistic activities – to be a member of the KVN team (the “Club of the cheerful and resourceful”), to be a member of the scientific circle, the ensemble of drummers and drummers, the volunteer and donor movement, the pride of the freelance guard of honor, to take part in various cultural and leisure activities and other public formations. The real events in the life of cadets relate not only to the sphere of service and academic activities, but also to the sphere of interpersonal relations, cultural and leisure activities. Accordingly, during the period of their real life, cadets are focused on several aspects: education (higher education), professional activities, such as service in the criminal executive system, and personal life. Based on the results of the diagnostic methods, it can be concluded that the cadets perceive their life process as interesting, creative, lively, full of various events, and intense, grouping real events rather than specifying them. Research implications . The article outlines the specifics of training at a departmental university and describes the emotional equipment, interest, and meaning of cadets’ life. It shows the possibility of changing the meaning of life and emotional intensity of the cadets due to their involvement in events, and the need to form the meaning of life of the cadets.

The World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) has prepared position statements for artificial intelligence (AI) in endoscopic diagnosis of gastric epithelial neoplasia as part of activities in the Stomach and Duodenal Diseases Committee. Gastric cancer is still a major cause of cancer death globally, and endoscopy plays a crucial role for early detection and early treatment to improve patients' quality of life as well as to save patients' lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology to have the potential to increase endoscopic diagnostic yields dramatically, but evidence in clinical use is still insufficient, only from advanced institutions in certain countries. Thus, we developed three, three, and four position statements regarding computer-aided detection, computer-aided diagnosis, and promotion of research, respectively, for better understanding of the present standpoints and future perspectives of AI in endoscopic diagnosis of gastric epithelial neoplasia. AI in the stomach must be helpful to ensure the quality of endoscopy and to increase diagnostic accuracy, but it is still controversial in terms of cost-effectiveness. In addition, it is necessary to develop AI for endoscopic diagnosis of not only gastric epithelial neoplasia but also all kinds of neoplastic lesions and the other alert lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract in order to apply AI in the entire procedure of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Furthermore, developing AI for risk stratification to know the best timing of EGD surveillance is warranted as future agenda.

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) presents one of the most significant challenges to higher education in many years. Universities retain the responsibility to assure students graduate with the competencies associated with programs and must also ensure that students are prepared for a world where GenAI has become ubiquitous. Program-wide approaches to redeveloping assessment are encouraged to address this but these are challenging to implement and there is minimal research exploring the experience of teams involved. This study adopted a combined ethnographic and interpretive phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of academics and researchers who were participating in collaborative program-wide review and redesign of assessment in response to GenAI. Participants who contributed to the data included academic team members (n = 4), project leads (n = 3) and researchers (n = 6), who took part in project meetings (n = 8), focus groups (n = 3), and reflective activities (n = 12). The affordances, challenges and recommendations for implementing program-wide approaches were identified including the importance of participation from a range of stakeholders, being open and curious, and embedding time for collaboration and peer learning. The challenges of redeveloping assessment in a time of GenAI and the opportunities GenAI offers to improve assessment design, are also discussed.

Workshop report: Findings from the 2025 Italian SMAkers Educational Initiative on SMA management in Italy.

Often, civil or criminal proceedings require special knowledge in a particular field of expertise, which has a complex structure and includes interconnected elements, subsystems, and areas of expertise. This includes construction and technical expertise, which cannot be understood without understanding the legal regulation of this institution of forensic expertise, as well as the rational and correct use of procedural norms. In law enforcement practice, there is often a situation where an expert study is required as part of construction activities. It is important not only to conduct a high-quality expert study, but also to document its results, which will be used to draw conclusions about significant legal facts relevant to resolving the dispute. The quality of the construction and technical expert study also depends on the questions that are posed to the expert. Additionally, many procedural and methodological issues have not yet been resolved. These factors contribute to the relevance of this study. The purpose of this article is not only to identify the legal features of conducting construction and technical expertise, but also to consider the main areas of cooperation between legal and construction specialists for the qualified conduct of this type of expert research.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate whether an educational intervention on family planning for adolescents increases the knowledge level of the Quilombola community. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental study. Pre- and post-intervention observations were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess knowledge of family planning among Quilombola adolescents. Findings Five adolescents participated in the study, with a mean age of 15 (±1.73) years; none of the participants were working and 100% lived with their parents. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge of family planning and contraceptive methods among adolescents from Quilombola communities after the educational intervention. Although significant progress was made in certain aspects of knowledge during the educational interventions, significant gaps remain, especially in the understanding of emergency contraception and the correct use of contraceptive methods, including during menstruation. Originality/value Educational interventions had a positive impact on improving family planning knowledge among Quilombola adolescents. The results show that educational strategies gain an enriching dimension when they include the presence of researchers who are not only dedicated to the study but are also an active part of these communities.

The article examines the historical path of development and formation of scientific and pedagogical activity of the Department of Biochemistry of the Sverdlovsk State Medical Institute (SSMI) against the background of the state of biochemistry in the 1930s–1950s. The data from the department’s archive, entries in the protocol book (29 June 1950 — 30 October 1965), and the journal of the biochemical circle (1945–1950) were used. The analysis of publications presented in the archive of the journal “Biokhimiya” (1936–1953), the Bulletin of the Higher Attestation Commission. The SSMI Department of Biochemistry was a creative, efficient scientific and pedagogical team even in the difficult 1950s, when there were complex trends in social and political life, including the prevailing control of the development of biological sciences by the political leadership of the USSR. The staff of the department retained fundamental views on physico-chemical and biochemical processes in the human body and were able to pass them on to students, despite many adventurous theories (T. D. Lysenko, O. B. Lepeshinskaya), officially recognized. Already in those years, the scientific and teaching staff of the department understood the need for scientific work that closely links biochemical research with medicine, allowing these developments to be introduced into clinical practice. Educational work with students, the organization of a student scientific society and the involvement of students in scientific activities took a large part in educational activities.

In recent times, increasing attention has been devoted to the investigation of atmospheric processes through remote sensing in order to improve our understanding of climate dynamics and atmospheric physics. This requires accurate simulation of the spectra emitted by the Earth, from which atmospheric composition and thermodynamic conditions can be retrieved. The FORUM mission focuses on observations of the Earth’s outgoing radiation in the far-infrared spectral region, which has been only sparsely explored due to observational challenges, despite its significant contribution to the characterization of atmospheric processes. As part of the mission activities, dedicated simulations of the measurements expected from the FORUM instrument are required. Different models and codes can be employed for this purpose. Fast radiative transfer models, such as SIGMA-FORUM, efficiently simulate all-sky conditions, whereas detailed line-by-line models, such as KLIMA, have generally been limited to clear-sky applications. In this context, SIGMA-FORUM, an all-sky fast radiative transfer model operating in the 10–2760 cm−1 spectral range and KLIMA, a FORTRAN-based line-by-line algorithm extensively validated under clear-sky conditions, are used to simulate FORUM radiances in both clear and cloudy atmospheres. This study extends the comparison between SIGMA-IASI/F2N and KLIMA to cloudy-sky scenarios by incorporating cloud optical properties into KLIMA using the same parametrization approach adopted in SIGMA-FORUM version 2.4. By combining complementary modeling approaches, this work enables KLIMA to simulate atmospheric radiances under all-sky conditions, thereby broadening its applicability.

At the end of the Second World War, Allied-occupied Austria and Germany became places of transit for hundreds of thousands of displaced persons (DPs) and refugees, as well as sites of employment for various internationally composed teams of relief workers. Through its analysis of personal documents produced by both United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and Quaker relief workers, administrative correspondence by UNRRA and later the International Refugee Organization (IRO), organizational bulletins, as well as the diary of a DP, this paper shows how DPs themselves played an active part in the postwar rehabilitation of displaced people. Their duties within the camps and their close collaboration with non-DP relief workers highlight various forms of refugee agency. This paper further examines what UNRRA and the IRO gained through their collaboration with DPs, as well as to what extent DPs could themselves benefit from this. Despite the hierarchies embedded in the labour policies of UNRRA, the IRO and the Allied occupation forces, this paper demonstrates that focusing on refugee workers and the diverse ways in which they utilized their skills to administer relief measures and sustain camp life reveals the interrelation between refugee agency and the agency of non-DP relief workers.