Seismic performance comparison of passive and active friction-tuned mass dampers in tall buildings considering soil-structure interaction effects

Reliability analysis of a high-rise benchmark building with novel self-powered active mass damper under random wind excitations

Adaptive Neural Network Event-Triggered Control for a High-Rise Building With Active Mass Damper

A fractional-order component is introduced and incorporated into the traditional sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm of seismically excited civil structures, leveraging its flexibility and integrity. The determination of the sliding mode surface in this paper incorporates the inclusion of a fractional-order item and subsequently derives the control force. Structural uncertainties and nonlinearities were considered to evaluate the control performance of the discrete fractional sliding mode control algorithm (DFSMC). The 40-story linear structure with the active mass damper system and the three-story nonlinear structure with the Bouc–Wen model were used as analytical models. The DFSMC algorithm exhibited an advantage over the traditional SMC algorithm in terms of control performance for linear structures. Specifically, the non-dimensional base shear criterion was reduced by 5.52% compared to the conventional SMC algorithm under the El Centro ground record. The control effectiveness of the DFSMC algorithm was further analyzed in the presence of uncertainties in the structural coefficients. The control criteria experienced a maximum decrease of 31.23% for SMC, 3.74% for SMC, 23.10% for DFSMC, 1.19% for SMC, 3.51% for SMC, and 18.03% for SMC when [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. For a three-story nonlinear structure, the normalized base shear of DFSMC decreased from 2.3648 to 1.9916. It can be observed that the incorporation of parameters in the DFSMC algorithm enhances the potential for improved control performance.

Abstract An active mass damping tuner is one of the most commonly used active control equipment in engineering, which is used to reduce the structure vibration caused by dynamic load. It includes a mass damper system with an actuator, and the difficulty is the design of the controller. In this paper, the data-driven adaptive dynamic programming control algorithm is proposed. The adaptive dynamic programming algorithm based on data-driven is improved by introducing a new Actor-Critic-Disturbance network, which can effectively deal with the optimal controller design problem under external disturbances. The active controller is designed and verified by simulation and experiment. The active controller is designed to suppress the vibration of the one-story structure produced by Quanser Company. The simulation and experiment results show that the controller can greatly reduce the vibration response of the structure.

The rapid expansion of global infrastructure has amplified the environmental impact of construction, particularly through the carbon footprint of structures. Addressing this challenge, this study examined the potential of vibration control systems to reduce the carbon footprint of steel-frame buildings subject to dynamic wind loads. Utilizing the Force Analogy Method (FAM), which effectively addresses nonlinearity in structural analysis, the research modeled a 10-story steel frame subjected to synthetic downburst wind time history velocities generated through spectral simulation techniques. Both passive and active control systems were implemented, with a focus on tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and active mass dampers (AMDs) to reduce structural displacements and accelerations. The results revealed that these systems not only significantly reduce the peak structural responses but also, when combined with optimized manufacturing methods, lead to a decrease in steel usage. This optimization contributes to a reduction of up to 20% in CO2 emissions during the pre-use stage of a building’s lifecycle. By enhancing the material efficiency and minimizing the environmental impacts, this research highlights the critical role of advanced control systems, supported by new nonlinear analytical methods, in promoting environmentally conscious engineering. This approach aims to guide future generations in developing structural engineering projects that prioritize sustainable practices.

Identification of Vortex-Induced Vibration on the Osman Gazi Suspension Bridge Tower and Mitigation by an Active Mass Damper

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a model‐free and online off‐policy algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RL) for vibration attenuation of earthquake‐excited structures, through designing an optimal controller. This design relies on solving a two‐player zero‐sum game theory with a Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation, which is extremely difficult, or often impossible, to be solved for the value function and the related optimal controller. The proposed strategy uses an actor‐critic‐disturbance structure to learn the solution of the HJI equation online and forward in time, without requiring any knowledge of the system dynamics. In addition, the control and disturbance policies and value function are approximated by the actor, the disturbance, and the critic neural networks (NNs), respectively.Implementing the policy iteration technique, the NNs’ weights of the proposed model are calculated using the least square (LS) method in each iteration. In the present study, the convergence of the proposed algorithm is investigated through two distinct examples. Furthermore, the performance of this off‐policy RL strategy is studied in reducing the response of a seismically excited nonlinear structure with an active mass damper (AMD) for two cases of state feedback. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in application to civil engineering structures.

Active mass damper control method based on model predictive control using a mode response

Sway control of containers through concurrent application of active mass damper and driving mechanism

A fractional adaptive type-2 fuzzy structural control system: Theoretical/experimental study

In this paper, an effective active vibration control method was investigated to further improve the positioning accuracy of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) feed cabin. The actual operation data of FAST was collected to analyze the vibration characteristics of the feed cabin in multiple directions. A simplified model of the cabin-cable system was established to evaluate the effects of a mass damper on different vibration frequencies and modes. On this basis, an active mass damper system and control system were designed for the cabin with multiple degrees of freedom and modal variation characteristics. Theoretical calculation and simulation proved that it has a significant effect on improving the damping of the cabin-cable system and suppressing the vibration of the FAST feed cabin.

In recent years, the development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) have attracted tremendous attention. The implementation of active control systems for building structures can be improved by using an AI controller. Non-AI controllers such as the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller require full state variables of the structure to be measured, which is rarely feasible. To address this problem, two AI models, namely, artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic (FL), have been tried as AI-based controller in various studies. In the present study, both AI models were investigated to see their practicality and effectiveness. The AI models were implemented to control an active mass damper (AMD) in a three-story prototype-sized building. The simulation results from the structure with an LQR controller were used as benchmark and training data for the AI models. The results of the study demonstrated that although both AI models could reduce the structure responses, ANN was more practical and effective compared to FL as an AI-based controller for the given structure. Furthermore, the effectiveness of an ANN-based AMD was also shown by the experimental results.

Magnetic active mass damper, design and assessment

Addressing the demand for high stability of beamline instruments at the SHINE facility, a high stability mirror regulating mechanism has been developed for mirror adjustments. Active mass damping was adopted to attenuate pitch angle vibrations of mirrors caused by structural vibrations. An internal absolute velocity feedback was used to reduce the negative impact of spillover effects and to improve performance. The experiment was conducted on a prototype structure of a mirror regulating mechanism, and results showed that the vibration RMS of the pitch angle was effectively attenuated from 47 nrad to 27 nrad above 1 Hz.

Active vibration control for flexible towers based on displacement observation and reduced-order controller in modal space: Theory and experiment

Abstract Real‐time hybrid testing (RTHT) is an efficient method to simulate the dynamic behavior of complex engineering systems. A novel offline RTHT method has been developed in recent years, wherein the computation of the numerical substructure and the loading of the experimental substructure are independent. Offline RTHT has obvious advantages in terms of accuracy, stability, and cost compared with conventional online RTHT. However, due to the excessive number of iterations, the application range of the existing offline RTHT methods is limited. This paper proposes an accelerated time history iteration (ATHI) method based on system identification and virtual iteration. A two‐loop parameter optimization (TLPO) method is developed to obtain an accurate discrete transfer function. Virtual iterations are performed by replacing the real system with an identified transfer function, which can reduce the number of real iterations. Physical tests were performed on structures equipped with a tuned mass damper or active mass damper, where resonance, nonlinearity, closed‐loop control, and measurement noise exist. The test results suggest that the real system can be accurately represented by the identified transfer function when adopting the TLPO method. The proposed ATHI successfully accelerates the convergence process while ensuring stability and accuracy.

Subjecting structures to external forces inevitably leads to the generation of vibrations. For high-rise and flexible structures, excessive vibrations can significantly impact their normal operation and structural integrity. To mitigate these undesirable vibrations, structural vibration control is essential. Among various passive control methods, the tuned mass damper (TMD) is widely used for its ability to reduce vibrations through resonance with the structure. Meanwhile, the active mass damper (AMD) can also achieve an excellent control efficiency by exerting active control force on structures. Hybrid control integrates the benefits of multiple control strategies and applies the control forces on the same structure simultaneously. Hybrid mass damper (HMD) combines the passive characteristics of TMD and the active features of AMD, overcoming the limitations associated with using either system in isolation. This paper proposes a novel hybrid control method based on virtual TMD algorithm and optimizes the parameters of HMD by weighting the structural response and stroke of HMD to improve the comprehensive control performance. The effectiveness of this optimization is substantiated in the frequency domain. Additionally, numerical simulations are conducted to compare the optimized HMD with the traditional TMD and the unoptimized HMD, demonstrating both the effectiveness of the optimization and the superior control performance of the optimized HMD. The numerical results indicate that the optimized HMD reduces stroke by 15.6% compared to the unoptimized HMD on the premise that the control effect only loses 2.4%. Overall, the optimized HMD demonstrates superior comprehensive control performance relative to the unoptimized HMD.

Slender and flexible offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are vulnerable to external dynamic excitations, and passive tuned mass dampers (TMDs) have been widely used to control excessive vibrations of OWTs under harsh marine environments (e.g., strong winds and irregular sea waves). However, TMDs are only effective in the vicinity of the controlled frequency, i.e., in a narrow frequency band. Compared to passive TMDs, active control methods are normally considered to possess better control performances but at the cost of a large amount of external energy input. To this end, the present study proposes a novel energy-adaptive self-powered active mass damper (SPAMD) to mitigate the responses of OWT towers. The proposed control device can harvest energies from OWTs and then use them as the power to drive an active mass damper for structural vibration control. Specifically, a representative OWT is selected as a prototype structure and its tower is modeled as a multi-degree-of-freedom system by simplifying the rotor-nacelle assembly as a lumped mass and moment of inertia. The dynamic characteristics (mainly natural frequency and mode shape) of the tower obtained by the developed model are validated against a finite element model. Subsequently, the system configuration and working mechanism of SPAMD are introduced and SPAMD is incorporated into the developed model to simultaneously harvest energy and mitigate the fore-aft responses of the tower under wind and sea wave loads. The control effectiveness of SPAMD is further compared to the traditional TMD. Results show that SPAMD has a superior effect over TMD in controlling OWT responses.

Hybrid vibration absorbers (HVAs) are an effective solution for vibration mitigation. They combine the passive vibration absorption mechanism of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) with feedback-controlled actuators, similar to active mass dampers. This enables them to overcome the performance of both systems in terms of vibration mitigation effectiveness and energy consumption, respectively. This study evaluates the vibration suppression capabilities of an HVA against self-excited oscillations. A single-degree-of-freedom host system encompassing a negative damping term is considered. First, the possibility of enhancing the stability properties of an optimally tuned TMD through a feedback controller is evaluated. The analysis shows that this approach cannot improve the absorber’s performance. Subsequently, simultaneous optimization of all the HVA parameters is considered. Our results reveal that this approach significantly enhances the system’s performance. All analysis is carried out analytically without resorting to approximations. Finally, the absorber is numerically applied to suppress friction-induced vibrations and galloping instabilities.