Physiological effects of long-term saline-alkaline stress on the gills of Acanthopagrus latus: A combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics.

Environmentally relevant concentration of abamectin induces cardiac dysfunction in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Mechanistic insights into apoptosis, bioaccumulation and potential modulation.

Physiological and molecular effects of wind turbine blade erosion particles on the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas).

Comparison of a magnetic treatment system combined with miniscrews and a conventional NiTi spring for tooth movement and bone formation: A Beagle model study.

Phosphate-solubilizing bacterium enhanced nitrification inhibitor efficiency in decreasing soil nitrous oxide emissions across varying moisture levels.

Trifolirhizin alleviates bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation through the activation of FPR2.

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils is commonly addressed through phosphate fertilizers, yet millimeter-scale fertisphere dynamics governing fertilizer-soil interactions remain poorly understood, constraining P-use efficiency optimization. This study employed high-resolution chemical imaging to visualize P release patterns, pH dynamics, and acid phosphatase activity in acidic soil fertispheres of contrasting fertilizers: calcium hypophosphite (fast-acting) and apatite (slow-acting). Calcium hypophosphite exhibited rapid dissolution with peak P flux (442 pg cm-2 s-1) at patch edges within 24 h, coinciding with pH elevation that suppressed enzyme activity. Complete dissolution occurred within 48 h. Conversely, apatite released P steadily over 99 days (peak flux: 13.6 pg cm-2 s-1), with release zones shifting inward as H+ consumption generated alkalinization cores. Temporal analysis revealed a 22-day lag between P flux and pH maxima (R = 0.66). These mechanisms demonstrate the importance of matching fertilizer solubility with soil chemistry for precision P management, maximizing bioavailability while minimizing environmental losses.

Yeast culture is a safe and environmentally friendly nutritional supplement that improves the antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal health of monogastric animals. This study explored the effects of compound yeast culture and yeast source on the antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal microflora of weaned lambs. Eighteen weaned lambs were randomly assigned to the basal diet (NYC), basal diet supplemented with yeast source (40g/day; DYC), and basal diet supplemented with compound yeast culture (50g/day; GYC) groups. There where six replicates per group and one lamb per replicate. The experiment lasted 42 d. The DYC and GYC groups exhibited significantly increased villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05), and the DYC group had reduced crypt depth (P < 0.05); both exhibited significantly increased glucagon-like peptide-2, Insulin-like growth factor 1, and mucin 2 mRNA expression, as well as serum total anti-oxidizing capability, glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities (P < 0.05). The DYC and GYC groups exhibited significantly increased acid phosphatase (ACP) activity (P < 0.05), immunoglobulin G content, secretory immunoglobulin A content, and interleukin-10, transforming growth factor beta, B-cell activating factor, A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), Chemokine ligand 25, Inducible NO synthase, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plgA) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). The GYC group had significantly increased ACPcontent and APRIL and plgA mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Jejunal microbial markers in the DYC and GYC groups positively correlated with intestinal barrier-related indicators. In conclusion, the compound yeast culture and yeast source equally showed improved antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal health in weaned lambs.

Optimizing solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma harzianum in packed-bed bioreactors using beer spent grains and wheat straw for the production of metabolites related to phosphorus availability.

Exercise-induced muscle injury in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: impaired mitophagy and altered PINK1-PARKIN pathway in mdx mice.

BackgroundResource scarcity poses a real challenge to living organisms. The present study aimed to understand the implications of water and food lack on some biochemical markers. The study also aimed to investigate the expression of Hsp70 gene under the same stress conditions. The Hsp70 gene maintains cellular proteostasis. It is unique in its high sensitivity and rapid response to various stress factors compared to other Hsps.MethodsBrood frames of Carniolan hybrid bees were incubated at 30 °C and 70% RH. Emerged bees were placed in plastic cages (30 individuals per cage) and received daily diets of pollen-sugar pastes and sugar solutions. After nine days, bees were independently subjected to dehydration and starvation experiments for 24 h. One group was deprived of only sugar solutions (Dehydrated DH), another group was denied both sugar solutions and pollen pastes, receiving only tap water (Starved ST), while a third group continued without water or food deprivation (Control C). Bee samples were collected at 12-hour intervals in each experiment for subsequent investigations. Biochemical measurements were performed on total protein, total antioxidant capacity, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and acid phosphatase. Gene expression of Hsp70 gene was under observation. Bee weights were also considered.ResultsBoth dehydrated and starved bees showed notable changes in their examined biomarkers. Starvation had a more pronounced and rapid biochemical effect. The decreases in Hsp70 mRNA levels following water or food deprivation were surprising to us and reflect the severity of these two stressors. Other differences were also recorded in the weights of dehydrated and starved bees.ConclusionsThis study reveals honeybees’ extreme sensitivity to nutritional stress and warns against depriving them of water or food for even a few hours.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40850-026-00265-3.

MnTi bimetallic MOF as peroxidase mimic for colorimetric detection of acid phosphatase.

Effects of different levels of curcumin on growth, digestive enzymes, immunity and antioxidant indices of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Integrated transcriptomic and co-expression analyses reveal hypoxia-responsive patterns in the gills of Mytilus coruscus.

Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination poses threats to ecosystems and human health, and the plant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiotic system represents a promising green remediation strategy. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex and context-dependent, and systematic comparative studies remain scarce regarding differential regulation of Cd tolerance enhancement in plants of the same genus but different ecotypes. This study used a native species (Sphagneticola calendulacea), invasive species (Sphagneticola trilobata), and their hybrid as materials. It conducted an integrated analysis of the synergistic effects of inoculating Funneliformis mosseae (FM) on the rhizosphere microenvironment and mineral element uptake of three plants under a Cd stress gradient. The objective was to elucidate the interactive mechanisms by which FM enhances plant Cd tolerance and to evaluate its remediation potential. Results indicate that FM regulation of rhizosphere pH exhibits species specificity but generally alleviates Cd induced acidification. FM significantly enhances acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil and substantially promotes plant phosphorus (P) uptake. FM comprehensively altered plant mineral element uptake, including promoting root accumulation of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), shoot potassium (K) allocation, and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) absorption. This study elucidates how FM enhances P uptake and systematically optimizes elemental absorption homeostasis by regulating rhizosphere pH and phosphatase activity. These synergistic effects improve Cd tolerance in Sphagneticola species and highlight the broad potential of AMF-plant symbioses for Cd remediation. It provides crucial theoretical foundations and germplasm selection references for targeted soil restoration using ecologically distinct Sphagneticola ecotypes and their optimal FM partners.

Protective effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor on cyclophosphamide-induced prostate injury in rats.

Geranylgeraniol promotes osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis through MAPK and nuclear receptor signaling.

OsPHR2 activates OsPAP23 to promote organic phosphorus utilization in rice.

One well-known hazardous pollutant that damages testicles in both humans and animals is chromium hexavalent (CrVI). It has been established that zinc (Zn) is essential for spermatogenesis. Thus, the current work examines how Zn might shield rat testis from the detrimental effects of CrVI. Twenty-eight male rats were assigned to four groups the first was the control group; the second was given zinc sulfate (Zn; 1mg/kg BW); the third received hexavalent chromium (CrVI; 2.5mg/kg BW); and the fourth served as the protective group (Zn was given 60min before CrVI). All treatments were given orally every day for four weeks. According to the results, rats intoxicated with CrVI exhibited a considerable decrease in body weight, enzymatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β HSD, and 17β HSD), aminotransferases, and acid phosphatase activities, and a significant increase in the oxidative stress profile (TBARS, H2O2, PCC, XO, and NO). Testicular Bax, Cas-3, Bcl-2, Beclin-1, Nrf2, hormone levels, sperm quality, histopathological, and P53 immunohistochemical examinations were also shown to have significant changes compared to the control. Besides that, Zn pretreatment before CrVI intoxication improved the architecture of testicular tissue and P53 expression. Also, it significantly restored the majority of biochemical and molecular markers compared to the CrVI group. Additionally, oxidative stress indicators showed a notable change in response to individual Zn intake compared to the control. In conclusion, Zn significantly protects against CrVI-induced testicular failure, making it a unique strategy for processing heavy metal poisoning.

The production of acid phosphatase (ACPase) by Trichoderma spp. was evaluated and optimized under submerged fermentation using low-cost culture media. Among the strains tested, T. reesei showed the highest enzymatic potential. A Central Composite Design was applied to assess the effects of sucrose, yeast extract, and KH₂PO₄ on ACPase activity. The optimized medium (MSO-Tr) resulted in a maximum enzymatic activity of 1.96 ± 0.14 U/mL and biomass production of 5.32 ± 0.48 g/L, representing a 3.3-fold increase compared to preliminary conditions. T. harzianum and T. asperellum showed lower activities, reaching 0.81 ± 0.05 U/mL and 0.76 ± 0.12 U/mL, respectively. Substrate consumption analysis indicated complete utilization of sucrose and glucose within 48 h for T. reesei. Response surface analysis demonstrated that yeast extract positively influenced enzyme production, whereas excess phosphate had inhibitory effects depending on the strain. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed protein bands in the 58–69 kDa range, consistent with the reported molecular weights of fungal acid phosphatases. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of statistical optimization and highlight the biotechnological potential of Trichoderma-derived ACPases produced using low-cost substrates.