Acid Composition Of Body Lipids Research Articles

Effects of different kinds of dietary lipid on growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile sunshine bass, Morone chrysops ♀ × M. saxatilis ♂

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to provide preliminary information on essential fatty acid requirements of sunshine bass by determining the effects of different kinds of lipid on growth, health and tissue fatty acid composition. Five semipurified diets containing 40% crude protein from fish muscle and crystalline amino acids with 3.45 kcal available energy/g were supplemented with 5% of either coconut, olive, safflower, linseed or menhaden fish oils. Each diet was fed in triplicate to groups of fish initially weighing 4.0±0.14 g (mean±s.d.) in 110-liter aquaria connected as a closed recirculating system containing fresh well water with hardness of 180±10 mg/l as CaCO 3 at 24±1°C. At the end of 5 weeks, fish fed the diets containing coconut, olive, safflower and linseed oils had significantly ( P<0.01) reduced weight gain compared to fish fed the diet containing menhaden fish oil (MFO). After 5 weeks, fish fed all diets except the one supplemented with MFO began to exhibit erosion of the caudal fin and skin irritation. Mortality of fish fed these diets approached 80% by the end of 8 weeks, while no mortality was observed for fish fed MFO. At the end of 8 weeks, significantly greater weight gain as well as better feed efficiency and protein efficiency values were observed for fish fed the diet supplemented with MFO. Lowest weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency values were observed for fish fed the diet supplemented with coconut oil and intermediate responses were observed for fish fed the other oils. Fatty acid composition of body lipids (total lipid of intraperitoneal fat as well as neutral and polar lipids of liver and muscle) was affected by dietary oils except for fish fed the diet containing coconut oil. Moreover, elongation and desaturation of fatty acids (18:1 n−9, 18:2 n−6 and 18:3 n−3) was not observed. These data indicate that n−3 highly unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n−3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6 n−3) acids in MFO are essential for maximum growth, feed efficiency and survival of sunshine bass.

Requirement of Hybrid Striped Bass for Dietary (n-3) Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A feeding trial was conducted to quantify the requirement of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops female x M. saxatilis male) for dietary (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), specifically eicosapentaenoic [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic [22:6(n-3)] acids. Graded levels of (n-3) HUFA as ethyl esters were substituted for part or all of the 5 g olive oil/100 g diet in the semipurified basal diet. Total amount of 20:5(n-3) plus 22:6(n-3) in the experimental diets was 0.5, 1.1, 1.5, 2.0 or 3.2 g/100 g dry wt. Control fish received a diet containing menhaden fish oil at 5 g/100 g. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of hybrids (with an initial average weight of 13.0 g/fish) in aquaria for 10 wk. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher relative weight gain as well as more efficient food and protein utilization were observed for fish fed the diets with 0.5, 1.1, 1.5 or 2.0% (n-3) HUFA or 5% menhaden fish oil as compared with those fed the basal diet. These responses generally reached a plateau between 1.1 and 1.5% (n-3) HUFA, but the lowest values were observed for fish fed the diet with 3.2% (n-3) HUFA. Fatty acid composition of body lipids (total lipid of intraperitoneal fat and polar lipids of muscle and liver) was affected by diet and indicated some elongation and desaturation of octadecatetraenoic acid [18:4(n-3)] and 20:5 (n-3) to 22:6(n-3). These data indicated that 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) are essential for hybrid striped bass, and the minimum requirement is approximately 1% of diet or 20% of dietary lipid.

Correction par voie nutritionnelle d'un excès d'acides gras insaturés dans les lipides corporels du rat en croissance

The use of hydrogenated coconut oil as a putative substance for correcting an excess of unsaturated fatty acids in reserve lipids was tested in growing rats. Young rats with a live weight of about 70 g were given diet A including 4% of sunflower oil which very rapidly created a triglyceride store containing 25 to 30% of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6). At different weights (200, 300 and 350 g), diet A was replaced by diet B containing 15% of hydrogenated coconut oil so that there was the same number of animals in each group. All the rats were killed at 400 g, and diet-A and B were compared as to final fatty acid composition of body lipids (i.e. values taken all during growth from 70 to 400 g). Hydrogenated coconut oil was a very effective substance for rapidly decreasing levels of reserve lipid linoleic acid and for increasing triglyceride melting-point. The impact on the decrease in total unsaturated fatty acid concentrations was more marked the earlier the diet was replaced. However, the latest replacements (at 300 and 350 g) still permitted 70 and 50%, respectively, of the maximal effect observed in rats eating diet B from 70 g. The present experiment shows that when coconut oil was introduced in the diet over a period corresponding to the last one-eight of total body growth in rat, the final concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids could still be considerably reduced, particularly that of linoleic acid. In the same way, there was increasing esterification of myristic acid (14:0), and especially of lauric acid (12:0), which appeared preferentially in sn-1 and sn-3 positions in triglycerides. This esterification of medium-chain fatty acids led to a modification in the mode of other fatty acid distribution. Analysis of liver phospholipids showed that when diet A was replaced above 200 g by diet B, there was no biochemical evidence of any deficiency of essential fatty acids of the n-6 series.

Fatty acid composition of milkweed bugs Oncopeltus fasciatus and the influence of diet

Milkweed bugs, Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas, show significant differences in the proportion of C16:1, C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids in body lipids depending on the diets on which they were fed, sunflower seeds or milkweed seeds. Bugs reared entirely on sunflower seeds have no or only traces of C16:1 and C17:1 fatty acids, both of which are present in bugs reared on milkweed seeds and in the seeds themselves. About 90% of the fatty acids in whole body lipids are unsaturated on both diets and this proportion is high in each of the lipid classes examined. The diet clearly influences the fatty acid composition of body lipids of milkweed bugs.

Relationships between fatty acid composition of body lipids and lipid mobilization in rat. I. A study of carcass lipids

Relationships between fatty acid composition of body lipids and lipid mobilization in rat. I. A study of carcass lipids

Relationships between fatty acid composition of body lipids and lipid mobilization in rat. II. A study of liver lipids

Relationships between fatty acid composition of body lipids and lipid mobilization in rat. II. A study of liver lipids

Effect of dietary methyl linolenate on fatty acid composition of lipids in rainbow trout.

Rainbow trout fingerlings were kept on a fat-free diet or those supplemented with each of methyl laurate, methyl linolenate, and a mixture of soybean oil and cod liver oil, in order to see the effects of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of body lipids. The fat-free diet and one supplemented with methyl laurate brought about an elevation in the proportion of monoethylenic fatty acids, especially of 16:1ω7 and 18:1ω9 acids. Dietary linolenate or ω3 acids depressed the level of monoenes and elevated that of 22:6ω3 acid. These changes were much more conspicuous in phospholipids than in triglycerides. Neither the linolenate level nor the absence of fat in diets exerted any appreciable effect on the contents of vitamin A and E in the liver.

Fatty acid composition of oils from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of body lipids was determined by GLC for 14 species of saltwater fish, three species of freshwater fish and four species of shellfish. In addition, liver lipids of two species and egg lipids of one species were analyzed for comparison with the fish body lipids. The various species ranged from lean to fatty and contained from 0.7~15.5% oil in the tissues. Certain major fatty acids were found to vary widely among the species, as follows: 1.6~8.0% myristic, 9.5~33.4% palmitic, 2.0~11.2% palmitoleic, 5.2~29.1% oleic, 0.7~10.5% eicosenoic, 5.0~21.5% eicosapentaenoic, 0.2~11.6% docosenoic and 5.9~26.2% docosahexaenoic acids. Analyses of two separate mullet‐oil samples illustrated the wide differences that are possible for a single species caught during different seasons. Significant differences in the amt of particular fatty acids were found in comparing freshwater‐fish analyses with analyses for marine fish. Oysters and scallops showed large amt of pentaenoic and hexaenoic acids in their oils.