Innovation Accounting Research Articles

Contemporaneous causality among office property prices of major Chinese cities with vector error correction modeling and directed acyclic graphs

PurposeThis study aims to investigate dynamic relations among office property price indices of 10 major cities in China for the years 2005–2021.Design/methodology/approachUsing monthly data, the authors adopt vector error correction modeling and the directed acyclic graph for the characterization of contemporaneous causality among the 10 indices.FindingsThe PC algorithm identifies the causal pattern, and the linear non-Gaussian acyclic model algorithm further determines the causal path from which we perform innovation accounting analysis. Sophisticated price dynamics are found in price adjustment processes following price shocks, which are generally dominated by the top tier of cities.Originality/valueThis suggests that policies on office property prices, in the long run, might need to be planned with particular attention paid to the top tier of cities.

Redefining virtual water allocation in China based on economic welfare gains from environmental externalities

As water scarcity intensifies worldwide, the equitable allocation of water resources has emerged as a critical challenge. This research investigates the intricate issue of allocating responsibility for virtual water, a concept that quantifies the water embedded in traded commodities. In pursuit of an effective allocation mechanism, we refine an innovative accounting scheme grounded in economic welfare gains arising from externalities. The results show that water-stressed areas in China, such as Xinjiang, significantly contribute to exporting virtual water and is responsible for 70%–85% of the virtual water outflow. Furthermore, more than 50% of virtual water imported from water-rich regions is attributed to these water-stressed areas while their trade partners bear the rest water responsibility. In contrast, southern China's abundant water resources reduce dependence on virtual water trade, leading to fewer responsibilities. Globally, the allocated responsibility for the new accounting mechanism reaches up to 7.5 times higher than for production-based accounting (PBA) and consumption-based accounting (CBA). Our study also reveals that the degree of dependency (price elasticities) plays a pivotal role in shaping the allocation outcomes. The implications of this research are significant for establishing a transparent and accountable framework for sustainable water resource management and facilitating seamless transitions toward sustainability. As global water scarcity intensifies, the redefined responsibility accounting according to the economic welfare is indispensable in addressing immediate and long-term water-related challenges.

Economic development and energy consumption in Saudi Arabian economy: do globalization, financial development and capital accumulation matter?

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically examine the impact of economic development and energy consumption in Saudi Arabia (the leading OPEC giant and the Arab energy icon country) between 1971 and 2015, whilst incorporating globalization, financial development and capital accumulation.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses econometric tools and the analytical framework based on the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model.FindingsThe study found that, unlike economic development, globalization and financial development increased energy consumption. Also, capital accumulation created a boost in the country’s energy consumption. Results of variance decomposition indicate that the innovative shocks in globalization and financial development affected energy consumption at the rates of 15.28% and 28.98%, respectively, over 15 years’ period, while shocks in capital accumulation affected energy consumption at a rate of only about 1.24%. In addition, the results of impulse response function show that globalization and economic development were highly responsive to shocks in financial development, and capital accumulation greatly spurred financial development.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study have implication for promoting an efficient and sustainable energy systems that enhance sustainable development based on the accrued benefits of globalization, financial development and capital accumulation.Originality/valueGiven the increasing level of globalization, financial development and energy consumption, our study uses econometric tools and the analytical framework based on the ARDL model to revisit how energy consumption is influenced by economic development in Saudi Arabia by incorporating other determinants of energy consumption such as globalization, financial development and capital accumulation. The results were validated based on the innovative accounting.

Bioenergy assets in the global climate scenario: multilevel model of functions

Introduction. Dynamic European integration processes and russia’s military invasion of Ukraine dictate new conditions for the development of the national energy system. The use of renewable energy sources can be a key direction in the implementation of energy independence and the decarbonization strategy. However, the lack of a standardized accounting system for bioenergy assets, as one of the renewable energy sources, makes it impossible to develop Ukraine’s energy policy in this direction.The aim of the study. The purpose of the article is to justify the importance of recognizing bioenergy assets as an object of accounting due to its positive impact on the global climate scenario and creating a multi-level model of functions of their use.Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition using a systemic approach. Induction and analysis contributed to the identification of a significant impact of the lack of accounting methodology of bioenergy assets on the global ecological system in general, which strengthened the need for research in this direction. Economic and mathematical, graphic and historical methods were used to develop and illustrate the growth of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere over the past 120 years. To create a multi-level model of the functions of bioenergy assets, graphic and factor analysis of the impact on different levels of the economy was used. The results. The article substantiates that bioenergy assets are a factor of positive changes in the global climate scenario in terms of decarbonization of the atmosphere. The functions of bioenergy assets were studied through the prism of the levels of the economy, and a multilevel model of the functions of bioenergy assets was created in order to assess their significance for the global economic and ecological space. The advantages of displaying information about bioenergy assets in the company’s accounting and integrated reporting are determined and the risks of not displaying it are highlighted for the assessment of the consequences of the introduction of an innovative accounting object.Prospects for further research. Further research is needed in identifying the criteria for recognition of bioenergy assets as an object of accounting and to form a methodology for their display in the accounting and analytical system of agrarian enterprises.

Hinge commitments and trust

According to the innovative account of the structure of rational evaluation offered by Wittgenstein in his final notebooks, published as On Certainty, our rational practices necessarily presuppose arational hinge commitments. These are everyday, apparently mundane, commitments that we are optimally certain of, but which in virtue of the ‘hinge’ role that they play in our rational practices cannot themselves enjoy rational support. Granted that there are such hinge commitments, what is the nature of the propositional attitude in play? Many commentators have described this propositional attitude as a kind of trusting, on account of how our hinge commitments are effectively a groundless kind of presupposition. In contrast, I want to push back against this way of thinking about hinge commitments and argue instead that it is crucial to our understanding of Wittgenstein’s proposal especially in terms of its implications for radical scepticism to realize that hinge commitments are not presuppositions and that the hinge propositional attitude is not one of trusting.

Questioning the relevance of alienability in Arawak linguistics: an innovative analysis of possession in Mojeño Trinitario

Abstract This article presents an original analysis of possession in Mojeño Trinitario, an Arawak language, teasing apart the levels of lexical possessive noun classes, morphological derivation between noun classes, and adnominal possessive constructions. The three possessive noun classes (obligatorily prefixed, optionally prefixed and non-prefixable) do not exactly correspond to the three possessive noun classes of the traditional analysis of Arawak languages, as in the analysis proposed here some of the traditionally called “alienable” nouns, i.e. nouns occurring as either possessed or unpossessed, are classified as non-prefixable nouns because they need some additional derivational morphology to be prefixable. The two adnominal possessive constructions (basic, through prefixation and modification; and indirect, via a generic possessive noun) are described, and their distribution is discussed. The article then addresses the question of how the notion of “alienability contrast” could explain the phenomena described, at either the lexical or phrasal level. In the process, it offers frequency counts on how often nouns of the different possessive classes occur as possessed in discourse, and it discusses whether the three noun classes are open or closed classes. It concludes that the alienability contrast is at best only a partial explanation for the expression of possession in Mojeño Trinitario. This article ends by developing how this innovative account of possession in Mojeño Trinitario applies to other Arawak languages.

How do companies communicate their ‘sustainable’ material innovations on company websites?

The fashion industry has long been criticized for its unsustainable practices in terms of production processes and the materials used to create garments and accessories. As such, sustainability in fashion is not new per se, but what is classified as ‘sustainable’ is changing as technology and new innovations are continuously emerging. This article focuses on material innovations centring on future materials that have been created to replace existing materials including, but not limited to, animal skins, plastics and other materials classified as ‘vegan’. These existing materials have previously raised concerns regarding sustainability practices. Thus, a key question that currently lacks in the research and is addressed within this article is: (1) whether these material innovations are ‘sustainable’, (2) to what extent are they sustainable and (3) what might make them a ‘better’ alternative. This article provides a critical account of such innovations by performing a comparative secondary analysis of 21 ‘innovative’ materials that are currently used or could be used by luxury fashion brands and fall within the self-proclaimed categories of either vegan, plant-based, plastic-free or sustainable. As these future materials are often seen as replacements for leather and synthetic materials derived from fossil fuels, this analysis provides insights into these materials, alongside how and what information is promoted to consumers on a corporate website.

Creative Accounting Practices and the Credibility of Financial Reports: An Empirical Study on the Jordanian Commercial Banks

This study examines the impact of creative accounting practices on the credibility of financial reports in Jordanian commercial banks. It highlights the use of innovative accounting techniques and manipulative strategies employed by firms to present accounting information misleadingly, thereby influencing the judgments of financial statement users. The research aims to investigate the influence of these practices on the reliability of financial reporting in Jordanian commercial banks. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to senior and middle management as well as workers in Jordanian commercial banks, with 51 usable responses out of 80 participants. The findings reveal a negative impact of creative accounting practices on the credibility of financial reports in Jordanian commercial banks. The study concludes by recommending that regulatory bodies in Jordan adopt policies to detect and address creative accounting methods in financial statements and develop deterrent laws with penalties and sanctions for those engaging in harmful techniques in creative accounting.

Synthesis and analysis: Jean Nicod as a mediator between Bergson and Russell

ABSTRACT This paper presents Jean Nicod (1893–1924) as a mediator in the dispute between Bergson and Russell. In La géométrie dans le monde sensible (1924), Nicod extensively discusses Bergson’s epistemology focusing on those aspects that Russell critically discusses in The Philosophy of Henri Bergson (1912) and Our Knowledge of the External World (1914). His aim is to establish a middle ground between synthesis and analysis: to show how most of the disagreements between Bergson and Russell can be resolved without compromising the central principles of their thought. Throughout this paper, I explicate Nicod’s exposition of two points of contention between Bergson and Russell: (1) the nature of sense-data and analysis, and (2) the relation between geometry and the sensible world. I will also show that his attempt to reconcile synthesis and analysis results in an innovative account of representation inspired by an early reading of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. In the conclusion, I reflect on how Nicod’s proficiency to engage with two increasingly diverging philosophical programmes, namely early analytic philosophy and the French epistemological tradition, could have affected the development of early twentieth-century philosophy.

The Salience of Social Enterprise: a ‘Fictional’, Functional Tale of Three Sectors Cooperation

Abstract Built on a commercial structure, a social enterprise has its primary goal to achieve certain social objectives, by which attempts to make a strong societal, and environmental impact. In exploring its role in a VUCA (volatile-uncertain-complex-ambiguous) world, we argue that such dynamic, adaptable, structures fostering social innovation, and entrepreneurship, are set to thrive as pillars of socio-economic stability in the current climate of rapid business change. We posit that social entrepreneurship (and intrapreneurship) skills such as creative bricolage1 represent a much-needed addition to the business toolkit competences. The aim of this paper is to provide a counterpoint to a world marred by overconsumption, where instant gratification and short-term profits, coupled with human impact to global climate add to market volatility and uncertainty. Our research focuses on a sustainable business model that blends entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, with the full, balanced, use of financial, social, and human capitals, while blending innovative accounting models to create a new paradigm of long-term economic stability. This all-inclusive business model has the ability to leverages a three-sector collaboration between public, private, and voluntary, centered on a different kind of profit-making organizations such as social enterprises, benefit corporations, or cooperatives, towards a more sustainable business and economic future.

Dynamic Relationships among Composite Property Prices of Major Chinese Cities: Contemporaneous Causality through Vector Error Corrections and Directed Acyclic Graphs

The present study is the first one that investigates dynamic relations among composite real estate price indices of ten different cities in China during the years from 2005 to 2021. Utilizing the data recorded on a monthly basis, we apply VECM (vector error-correction modeling) and DAGs (directed acyclic graphs) in order to characterize contemporaneous causal relations among the ten real estate price indices. We use the PC algorithm to identify a pattern with non-directed edges and the LiNGAM algorithm to determine the causal ordering, based on which we calculate the results of innovation accounting. The LiNGAM algorithm adopted here effectively utilizes non-normality for facilitating the arrival of complete causal orderings. Our results show that price dynamics revealed through processes of price adjustments due to shocks to prices are rather sophisticated and such dynamics are, in general, dominated by price indices of Shanghai and Shenzhen, which are two top-tier cities among the four top-tier cities in China. This indicates that policy design on composite property prices should be focusing on price indices of Shanghai and Shenzhen.

Even More Supererogatory

ABSTRACT Losing an arm to rescue a child from a burning building is supererogatory. But is losing an arm to save two children more supererogatory than losing two arms to save a single child? What factors make one act more supererogatory than another? I provide an innovative account of how to compare which of two acts is more supererogatory, and show the superiority of this account to its chief rival.

From Acculturation to Transculturation?: Police Culture Change in the Pluralized Crime Investigation Department

Abstract This article uses the concept of transculturation (Ortiz 1944) as a lens to examine the effects of civilianization on the (re)production of ‘detective culture’ in two police forces in England. It critiques acculturation as the principal framework for understanding the complexity of cultural (ex)change processes happening within pluralized police settings. By bridging police studies with postcolonial theory, this article provides an innovative account of cultural (re)production under conditions of modernization, specifically, within the context of contemporary crime investigation. The original findings presented reveal the subtle yet active role played by civilian investigators in this process. The article concludes by challenging criminologists to explore the explanatory potential of transculturation in other areas of criminal justice, both in the United Kingdom and internationally.

An integrated vector error correction and directed acyclic graph method for investigating contemporaneous causalities

This study introduces an integrated vector error correction and directed acyclic graph method for investigating contemporaneous causalities with application to regional scrap steel prices in east, north, south, central, northeast, and southwest China. We use daily data and combine the Peter and Clark (PC) and Linear NonGaussian Acyclic Model (LiNGAM) algorithms to discover contemporaneous causalities. The vector error correction model shows each of the six series is part of cointegration relationships, and prices of north and southwest regions do not respond to long-run equilibrium disturbances. The PC algorithm shows the causal patterns, and the LiNGAM algorithm discovers the causal paths that enable the analysis of innovation accounting. Based upon impulse responses, we sort out sophisticated dynamics among price adjustment processes following shocks, for which north and southwest regions dominate price adjustment processes compared to the other four regions. The proposed approach provides short-term and long-term pricing policies for scrap steel throughout China.

Morphological autonomy and the long-term vitality of morphomes: stem-final consonant loss in Romance verbs and paradigmatic analogy

Morphologists of different backgrounds disagree with respect to the degree of autonomy of the morphological component of language from syntax and semantics. A precise and objective quantification of the diachronic productivity of Romance morphomes is the piece of evidence most crucially missing from this debate. On the basis of 502 morphophonological innovations associated with the loss of stem-final consonants across 63 Romance varieties, this paper quantifies the degree of productivity of different morphomes (the N pattern is found to be the most productive one) and of morphomic templates generally (15% of novel stem alternations are found to abide by them). Although a strong attraction effect is detectable for morphomes, the numbers suggest that the morphological autonomy and longevity of stem alternations in the family might have been somewhat overstated. For an optimal account of the morphological innovations observed, reference to inherited morphomic structure, semantic structure, and to frequency of use are needed in similar proportions.

Intensive and Extensive Margins of Export Diversification as Strategies for Sustainable Economic Growth: Evidence from the Nigerian Economy

Two opposite strands of literature analysing export diversification’s role in promoting sustainable growth have evolved in international economics and development, namely, the intensive and extensive margins of exports. This study empirically investigates which of the margin is more useful towards promoting sustainable growth using annual time series data of Nigeria for the period 1960–2021. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and innovative accounting procedure were employed. The ARDL results reveal that both margins significantly enhance growth in short and long run. However, importance of the extensive margin, in aggregate, dominates that of the intensive margin. Likewise, the results from innovative accounting procedures reveal that although both margins contribute positively to growth, the contribution to growth of extensive margin dominates over that of the intensive margin. These results, thus, lend credence to the extensive-margin exposition, which postulates that the export of extant commodities to new market destinations or export of new commodities to new and/or old market destinations plays a relatively more important role in export growth/diversification and, ultimately, sustainable growth. The study recommends that governments should develop and implement economic policies aimed at enhancing exports of value-added commodities—due to their relatively high income and price elasticities over primary commodities—to maximise the benefits in the extensive margin. JEL Codes: F10, F14, O10, O12, O50, O55

The Moral Habitat

<i>The Moral Habitat</i>

La genesi della contabilità matriciale e la "ragioneria scientifica" del secolo decimonono

El artículo se propone demostrar que las raíces de la contabilidad matricial se encuentran en la tradición de la contabilidad matemática desarrollada en Italia durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del XX. La investigación subraya y saca a la luz los factores sociales e históricos que han determinado el desarrollo de dicha contabilidad. En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, gracias a la obra de Giovanni Rossi (1845-1921), unánimemente reconocido como el más gran discípulo de Giuseppe Cerboni, y su escuela logismográfica, tuvo lugar la sistematización de la contabilidad matricial y de sus aplicaciones a las diferentes unidades económicas, tanto empresas como entidades del sector público. En efecto, en 1889 Rossi publicó una monografía fundamental, "Lo schacchiere anglo normanno e la scrittura in partita doppia a forma di scacchiera" (El tablero anglo-normando y la escritura por partida doble en forma matricial), publicada por el Collegio dei Ragionieri in Roma. La obra -de la que queda un número muy limitado de ejemplares- representa el resultado de largos anos de investigación de Rossi en contabilidad matemática, que realizó a través del estudio de manuscritos de su archivo particular, donado luego a la Biblioteca Municipal de su ciudad, Reggio Emilia. Sin embargo, sorprendentemente, a este estudioso se le considera más por sus aportaciones a la teoría personalista de las cuentas, que por su labor como fundador de la contabilidad matricial. Los elementos fundamentales del innovador método contable de Rossi, de aplicación tanto a la contabilidad por partida doble, como a la contabilidad por "partida cuádruple", se reconocen y documentan en los estudios matemáticos de este investigador -principalmente en los llamados "determinante simbólico" y "determinante gráfico"-, así como en sus estudios históricos sobre el tablero anglo-normando, como por ejemplo el Rotulus annalis y el Memorandum, de donde se deriva el título de su monografia. La publicación del volumen suscitó gran interés, lo mismo nacional que internacional. Véanse, entre otros, los trabajos de D. Biancardi, P. D'Alvise, E. Gagliardi, F. Hügli, G. Massa, A. Sanguinetti y A. Savigny. El presente ensayo, apoyándose en soportes documentales, sostiene la tesis de la originalidad y la innovación de las herramientas contables instrumentadas por Rossi y rechaza las acusaciones de plagio formuladas por algunos en relación con trabajos previos de Fabio Besta. El artículo presenta dos aplicaciones de contabilidad matricial en empresas comerciales: la primera, en el marco de un sistema contable logismográfico y, la segunda, en un sistema contable de partida doble típicamente pacioliano.

Updating the British Geriatrics Society recommended undergraduate curriculum in geriatric medicine: a curriculum mapping and nominal group technique study.

medical education must adapt to meet the challenges and demands of an ageing population, ensuring that graduates are equipped to look after older patients with complex health and social care needs. Recommended curricula in geriatric medicine in the United Kingdom and Europe offer guidance for optimal undergraduate education in ageing. The UK version, written by the British Geriatrics Society (BGS), requires updating to take account of innovations in the specialty, changing guidance from the General Medical Council (GMC), and the need to support medical schools preparing for the introduction of the national Medical Licensing Assessment (MLA). the BGS recommended curriculum was mapped to the most recent European curriculum (2014) and the MLA content map, to compare and contrast between current recommendations and nationally mandated guidance. These maps were used to guide discussion through a virtual Nominal Group Technique (NGT), including 21 expert stakeholders, to agree consensus on the updated BGS curriculum. the curriculum has been re-structured into seven sections, each with 1-2 overarching learning outcomes (LOs) that are expanded in multiple sub-LOs. Crucially, the curriculum now reflects the updated GMC/MLA requirements, having incorporated items flagged as missing in the mapping stages. the combined mapping exercise and NGT have enabled appropriate alignment and benchmarking of the UK national curriculum. These recommendations will help to standardise and enhance teaching and learning around the care of older persons with complexity.

Accountability and neglect in UK social care innovation

Innovation alters who is accountable for social care and how they are held to account. This article shows how organisational, institutional and technological innovation in infrastructures of social care can reconfigure accountability instruments and propel change between distinct modes of accountability. However, innovation also sustains neglect, both in terms of issues, objects and subjects missing from research, and in terms of low levels of institutional reflexivity mobilised to evaluate and direct innovation’s impacts. Evidenced using two-level situational analysis – across a UK research portfolio and within a public robotics lab – we argue that confronting this neglect is critical for post-pandemic reform.