Model-guided design of lymphatic drug delivery systems using osmotic pressure, viscosity and lymph node size.

Configuring psychological and infrastructural resources for poverty reduction: A hybrid PLS-SEM/fsQCA analysis of women's digital entrepreneurship.

The increased utilization of social media platforms, including TikTok, has revolutionized the way that medical information is disseminated and consumed globally. Despite the benefits of rapidly accessible health information, the unregulated nature of TikTok raises significant concerns for the validity and reliability of medical advice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the educational quality and accuracy of information presented on TikTok relating to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cubital tunnel syndrome (CubTS), 2 common upper extremity conditions. A sample of CTS- and CubTS-related TikToks (n = 225) was identified on August 25, 2024, through specific search criteria, defined through hashtags, and filtered by the most liked videos, to select those with the greatest reach. Information extracted from each TikTok totaled 22 objective and subjective variables, in addition to 16 metrics from the DISCERN questionnaire, a proven tool for assessing consumer health information. Videos by physicians made up the minority of content while having greater overall DISCERN score, but lower engagement compared with nonphysicians. Alternative-medicine videos included medical recommendations more often than traditional-medicine videos. These videos also were less balanced and unbiased than traditional-medicine videos. Harmful videos had greater engagement than nonharmful videos. This investigation revealed marked variability in both the quality and reliability of TikTok videos related to CTS and CubTS, demonstrating the need for critical assessment of health information disseminated on social media platforms. Although TikTok is a highly engaging platform, it presents considerable misinformation risks for users seeking health information.

Corporate financial news is pivotal for market decisions, but often overwhelms general audiences. While data videos effectively bridge this comprehension gap, their production remains a bottleneck for journalists. We present NewsVis, an authoring tool powered by Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) that automates the transformation of unstructured narratives and raw financial datasets into professional data videos. Unlike generic models, our pipeline ensures factual accuracy through a domain-specific taxonomy of financial attributes and optimizes visual information presentation via a multimodal layout algorithm. Additionally, a human-in-the-loop interface empowers journalists to audit and calibrate generative outputs. Comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate that NewsVis significantly reduces production barriers while enhancing information accessibility for viewers.

This study aims to analyze the content of SITABAH messages, measure community digital literacy, and develop and conduct a limited trial of adaptive message prototypes to improve disaster communication effectiveness. A mixed-methods approach was applied, consisting of content analysis of 10 SITABAH messages from disaster events in January 2024, a digital literacy survey of 150 respondents across six sub-districts, in-depth interviews with system managers and community members, and a prototype trial with 50 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and thematic qualitative techniques with triangulation. The findings indicate that SITABAH has not functioned optimally as an early warning system: no messages contained early warnings, most focused on victims and damage, instructions were general, and no visual elements were used. The digital literacy survey revealed relatively high levels of information access (64–80%), but lower levels of message comprehension (56–72%) and readiness to act (48–60%). Prototype trials demonstrated that visual and interactive formats were clearer and more effective in encouraging readiness to act compared to standard text. The study concludes that SITABAH’s effectiveness can be enhanced through the integration of early warning features, adaptive message design, improved digital literacy, and the development of a multi-channel SITABAH.

This study aims to address issues in employee leave data management at the Deli Serdang District Agricultural Office, where leave records were previously processed manually using separate documents, resulting in data duplication, inaccuracies, and delays in preparing reports. To solve this problem, a web-based Employee Leave Record Management System was developed using the Waterfall model through stages of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. System evaluation was conducted using Black-Box testing to verify functional performance. The system supports structured recording of employee leave information, employee profile data such as position and department, and provides real-time reporting features to support administrative decision-making. The application was developed using the CodeIgniter-based MVC architecture and MySQL database, which enhances data accuracy, information accessibility, and administrative efficiency. The results demonstrate that the system successfully minimizes recording errors and improves the effectiveness of leave data management. Future development opportunities include integrating automated online leave request and approval workflows, mobile access features, and notification services to maximize usability and system automation.

This study explored how social work majors’ perceptions of mobility and accessibility for people with disabilities changed through field-based learning centered on monitoring activities conducted in a Social Problems course. Using photovoice as a participatory qualitative method, two rounds of focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted before and after course participation. Participants were six first-year social work students at H University. Data consisted of participant-submitted photographs (images) and transcribed interview materials, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings showed that prior to the activities, students’ perceptions converged on physical barriers typically represented by “wheelchairs–stairs–curbs.” After the field-based learning, their perceptions deepened and expanded in five ways: (1)broadening the scope of disability types and risk factors, (2)extending accessibility to include communication and information accessibility, particularly augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), (3)problematizing functional accessibility beyond the mere presence of facilities by emphasizing operation, maintenance, and monitoring accountability, (4)concretizing psychosocial barriers such as social gaze and indifference, and (5)reconstructing knowledge and strengthening practice orientation through field-based learning. These results suggest that integrating field-based learning with reflective activities may help cultivate future social workers’ rights-based perspectives and practice-oriented problem-solving competencies.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a prototypical green oxidant with wide applications. In pursuit of sustainable development, H2O2 electrosynthesis via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) under mild, green, and decentralized conditions has emerged as a promising alternative to the industrial anthraquinone process. H2O2 electrosynthesis is an interfacial electrochemical process in which appropriate surface active sites are critical for achieving high performance. To realize scalable H2O2 production via 2e- ORR, in situ optical characterization is crucial for elucidating interfacial mechanisms and reaction principles, thereby facilitating further technological advances. This review is organized around the progressive enhancement of spatial resolution and accessible reaction information, and systematically summarizes in situ optical characterization methods for H2O2 electrosynthesis via 2e- ORR, spanning one-dimensional (1D) spectroscopy, two-dimensional (2D) imaging, three-dimensional (3D) reaction-field imaging, and multimodal coupling that correlates optical, electrochemical, and structural information. It highlights the working principles, device configurations, and representative applications of these methods, and provides perspectives on future technological innovation and practical application of in situ optical characterization for advancing sustainable and economically viable H2O2 electrosynthesis in support of green industry and carbon neutrality.

This project presents an Auto Generated Domain-Specific Chatbot Using an AI Agent that provides accurate and relevant responses within a specific domain such as healthcare, education, e-commerce, government services, legal support, and career guidance, ensuring accurate and context-aware responses. The system uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand user queries and generate meaningful answers. An AI agent retrieves information from domain-specific knowledge sources and delivers responses in a conversational manner. The proposed chatbot improves information accessibility, reduces manual effort, and enhances user interaction. The system can be applied in various domains requiring intelligent and automated query handling.

ABSTRACT This study examines how brand entitativity and extension valence shape the feedback effects of brand extensions on parent-brand evaluations, with information accessibility and extension similarity functioning as moderating conditions that jointly govern when and how these effects emerge. Drawing on accessibility – diagnosticity theory and group-level trait transference, it is proposed that high-entitativity brands – perceived as unified, coherent entities – are subject to stronger generalization of extension outcomes than low-entitativity brands. Two experimental studies test these predictions across high- and low-accessibility conditions. Under high-accessibility, extension valence dominates: favorable extensions enhance low-entitativity brands more, while unfavorable extensions damage high-entitativity brands more, regardless of extension similarity – producing full asymmetric feedback effects. Under low-accessibility, extension valence loses dominance and similarity emerges as a critical moderator: only unfavorable dissimilar extensions generate asymmetric effects, with high-entitativity brands suffering greater dilution. These findings establish entitativity and accessibility as interacting determinants of reputational spillover, offer a unified account of mixed findings in the feedback effects literature, and highlight that brand structure and information accessibility jointly govern when and how extension outcomes damage or enhance parent brands.

Health literacy and heart failure-related knowledge in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure: a cross-sectional study

Although accountability and transparency in zakat management have received attention in various studies, research that specifically places muzakki trust in the context of BAZNAS Batang Hari Regency remains limited. This study aims to analyze the influence of accountability and financial management transparency on muzakki trust in paying zakat at BAZNAS Batang Hari Regency. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey design, involving 98 muzakki as respondents selected using non-probability sampling based on specific criteria. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, and were then analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS. The results showed that accountability had a positive but non-significant effect on muzakki trust, whereas transparency had a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously, accountability and transparency had a positive and significant effect on muzakki trust. These findings confirm that information openness and institutional accountability are important factors in building muzakki trust in zakat management. The implications of this study provide practical contributions for BAZNAS Batang Hari Regency in improving the quality of reporting, public information access, and institutional communication on an ongoing basis to strengthen muzakki trust.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has driven Islamic educational institutions, including madrasah, to adopt management information systems (MIS) to support administrative governance. This article examines the concept of MIS in Islamic education, its effectiveness in improving the performance of administrative staff, the factors that determine the success or failure of MIS implementation, and the strategic role of madrasah administrative staff as the primary operators of integrated data systems such as EMIS, SIMPATIKA, and DAPODIK. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method through a literature review (library research), analyzing books, journal articles, and government regulations relevant to MIS in Islamic education. The findings show that MIS implementation significantly improves work efficiency, data accuracy, information accessibility, service quality, and managerial decision-making, while its success depends on adequate human resources, technological infrastructure, leadership commitment, continuous training, and system integration. Conversely, implementation failure is commonly caused by limited resources, resistance to change, low technological literacy, technical problems, and weak monitoring mechanisms. Empirical evidence from several madrasah-based studies confirms that the readiness and competence of administrative staff, rather than technological sophistication alone, are the key determinants of MIS success at the operational level. These findings reinforce the urgency of positioning administrative staff as the central unit of analysis in future research on Islamic education management information systems.

ABSTRACT This qualitative action research aims to examine the development, implementation, and evaluation process of the Campus Recreation mobile application designed to enhance participation in campus recreation at Gazi University and to address issues concerning information accessibility and event visibility. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test semi-structured interviews, mobile application usage records, and user feedback forms from academic and administrative staff, student club leaders, and students at Gazi University. Content analysis revealed that campus announcements were fragmented and ineffective, relying on channels like WhatsApp and social media with limited accessibility. The developed mobile application significantly improved accessibility, coordination, and participation in campus recreation activities, with participants reporting enhanced social interaction, motivation, and sense of belonging to the university. With content diversity, a user-friendly interface, and a notification system, the application offers a model for integrating recreation into the digital transformation processes of university campuses, enhancing students’ socialization and leisure management.

As generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language model-based tools, is increasingly integrated into diagnosis, triage, decision support, and treatment planning, it offers potential gains in efficiency and information access. However, real-world deployment also introduces important risks, including hallucinations, miscalibrated confidence, automation bias, and increased verification burden on physicians. This burden may divert attention from independent clinical reasoning, contribute to deskilling, and increase vulnerability when models fail silently or perform poorly in unfamiliar clinical contexts. Existing AI governance frameworks emphasize data quality, transparency, accountability, and ethical deployment, but pay less attention to physician-facing resilience, defined in this paper as the capacity to sustain independent and safe clinical judgment when collaborating with generative AI. In this viewpoint, we propose a multilevel governance framework organized around 3 coordinated domains: cognitive workload shaping, clinical authority governance and allocation, and organizational safety governance and accountability. Together, these domains aim to reduce verification burden, preserve physician decisional authority, and align institutional oversight with safe and context-sensitive AI use. The framework includes mechanisms such as risk-sensitive verification triggers, bounded delegation, structured interprofessional review, and organizational monitoring to support safe clinical integration while minimizing avoidable workflow disruption. At the same time, implementation may be limited by workflow friction, alert fatigue, variable institutional resources, and the need for ongoing monitoring and recalibration to ensure that safeguards remain clinically useful rather than burdensome. Accordingly, this paper outlines a structured governance framework to guide safer integration of generative AI into clinical care and inform future evaluation across specialties, workflows, and institutional settings.

The World Health Organization has declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern twice. In China, public health professionals (PHPs) involved in infectious disease prevention and control are responsible for mpox control, case reporting, and health communications during outbreaks. This study aimed to assess mpox knowledge and factors associated with sufficient mpox knowledge among PHPs in China. This study analyzed PHPs involved in infectious disease prevention and control from a large-scale online cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers conducted through a nationwide platform. An e-questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic and institutional characteristics, attention to mpox, mpox information sources, training history and 37 mpox knowledge items covering etiology, clinical features, transmission, and prevention. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with sufficient mpox knowledge. A total of 1,601 PHPs from 28 of 31 provincial-level regions in China completed the survey, and 1,568 valid responses were included. Among the 1,568 PHPs, 91.3% (1,432/1,568) were aware of mpox, and 61.7% (967/1,568, 95% CI: 59.3%-64.1%) had sufficient mpox knowledge. 44.6% (95% CI: 42.1%-47.0%), 74.2% (95%CI: 72.1%-76.4%) and 47.0% (95% CI: 44.5%-49.5%) PHPs aware of mpox had sufficient knowledge regarding etiology, clinical features and transmission and prevention, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the associated factors with sufficient mpox knowledge included gender (female: OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.74), professional title (intermediate: OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.40-2.45, senior: OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.44-2.91), institution (CDC: OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.60-2.67), attention toward mpox (occasional: OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.72-3.90; daily/frequent: OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 2.39-5.73), mpox information sources (two sources: OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.14-2.00; three or more sources: OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.31-2.39), and training (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.89-3.15). This study found insufficient mpox knowledge among the surveyed PHPs involved in infectious disease prevention and control across multiple regions of China, especially among males, those with junior professional titles, limited information access, low attention to mpox, no prior training, and hospital-based staff. Targeted training, continuing education, and multi-channel information dissemination should be strengthened to support mpox preparedness among frontline PHPs.

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer opportunities to improve access to safe, evidence-informed support for people affected by eating disorders (EDs). However, challenges remain around sustained engagement, inclusivity, and integration with care. The co-produced Eating Disorder Support App, developed by the Eating Disorder Health Integration Team (EDHIT) from Bristol Health Partners in the UK, aims to provide trusted, accessible information for individuals with lived experience, supporters, and healthcare professionals. This study examined user engagement, acceptability, and the perceived impact of the app on knowledge, confidence and support-seeking, while identifying opportunities for refinement. A mixed-methods evaluation was conducted using an online survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews. Sixteen participants (people with lived experience, supporters, and healthcare professionals) completed a survey assessing app use, usability, satisfaction, and perceived impact; four took part in qualitative interviews exploring experiences in depth. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative data were analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Within this sample, participants reported high satisfaction with the app's accessibility, clarity, and non-judgemental tone, with the majority (93.8%) rating its overall quality as good or excellent. Survey findings indicated perceived improvements in knowledge, confidence, and intentions to seek or support help-seeking. Qualitative content analysis produced four overarching categories, with ten subcategories, providing further insight into how the app functioned as a trusted, accessible adjunct to care, supporting understanding, reassurance, and emotional safety. Participants also highlighted areas for improvement, including the need for greater personalisation, expanded multimedia content, and clearer navigation to manage initial information load. Overall, findings highlighted the app's perceived value, while identifying opportunities to enhance engagement and inclusivity. This evaluation suggests that the Eating Disorder Support App may be an acceptable and useful digital resource that complements clinical care and supports self-management. Future evaluations should include larger and more diverse samples, longitudinal follow-up, and assessment of clinical outcomes to strengthen the understanding of impact. Continued co-production and lived-experience involvement are likely to enhance inclusivity, relevance, and sustained engagement in digital ED support tools.

The WHO defines self-care as 'the ability of individuals, families and communities to promote health, prevent disease, maintain health and cope with illness and disability with or without the support of a healthcare provider', while self-care confidence refers to an individual's perceived ability to effectively engage in these activities. The interface between health and care professionals (HCPs) and the public is pivotal in promoting self-care behaviours, yet barriers such as health literacy deficits, professional constraints, misconceptions and disparities in self-care confidence persist. This study aimed to explore how self-care confidence, professional support and health literacy interact to influence self-care behaviours among UK adults. Cross-sectional online survey. Community-based national study of adults across primary care and community care settings in the UK. Community-dwelling UK adults aged 18 years and above, including HCPs, were recruited from June to September 2024 via social media, online research participant recruitment platforms and professional networks. Participants provided demographic information including age, gender, ethnicity, employment, education, disability status and UK region. Data collected from adults aged ≥18 residing in the UK able to complete an online questionnaire in English were included. Incomplete survey responses or duplicate entries were excluded. None (observational study). Primary outcome: self-reported confidence in maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing common illnesses. accessibility to health information, health literacy (measured using the validated WHO Action Network on Measuring Population and Organizational Health Literacy instrument, HLS19-Q12), self-reported knowledge of National Health Service guidelines and receipt of professional encouragement to self-care. A total of 3255 community-dwelling UK adults (members of the general public) participated in the study. A subset of 227 participants self-identified as HCPs. Most respondents (88.5%) reported confidence in maintaining a healthy lifestyle; 91.9% felt confident managing common illnesses. Locating professional help when ill was perceived as easy (77.4%) but not evaluating treatment options (51.4% difficult/very diffcult) or mental health information accessibility (43.6% difficult/very difficult). Among HCPs, 94.7% endorsed the importance of self-care but cited patient reluctance to engage or take responsibility (64.8%), understanding (59.0%), time constraints (42.7%) and health literacy challenges (45.8%) as key barriers. In the general population, 68.6% found screening information accessible but 28.1% struggled with interpretation. Regression analyses revealed that older adults (65+) were significantly less confident in self-care with professional guidance (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.50 (0.33-0.74), p=0.001), whereas males (aOR=1.41 (1.23-1.62), p<0.001) and black/Asian British individuals (aORs=2.31 (1.66-3.21), 1.98 (1.51-2.61); p<0.001) reported higher confidence levels. This study highlights the complex relationship between professional guidance, self-care confidence and health literacy. While most individuals value and engage in self-care, critical disparities persist, particularly in health literacy and access to digital resources. Targeted interventions and strengthening the public-healthcare professional dialogue and interface will be crucial in advancing self-care as a sustainable pillar of healthcare policy and practice.

Patient experience in an EMR-enabled outpatient clinic: a cross-sectional convergent mixed-methods study.

ABSTRACTIntroductionTimely antenatal care (ANC) is a critical determinant of maternal and neonatal outcomes. In the UK, women from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds are more likely to initiate ANC later, attend fewer appointments and experience poorer maternal and infant outcomes. This study aimed to describe barriers and facilitators to timely ANC access and uptake from the perspectives of migrant and ethnically diverse women who initiated care late.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 20 women from migrant and/or ethnically diverse backgrounds who initiated ANC late (>10 weeks’ gestation) in the East of England, UK. Women, recruited through purposive and snowball sampling, were interviewed between October 2024 and January 2025 in-person, online or by telephone. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using a framework approach.ResultsFour interconnected themes, comprising 12 subthemes, captured women’s perspectives: perceptions about ANC, perceived facilitators and barriers to timely access and uptake, information needs and preferences and strategies to improve ANC access and uptake. All women recognised the importance of ANC. However, many reported limited awareness of when and how to initiate care and found ANC pathways difficult to navigate, particularly those unfamiliar with the UK healthcare system. Key facilitators of access and uptake included awareness of the importance of ANC, supportive healthcare professionals, relational continuity and support from family and friends. Barriers included uncertainty about care pathways, long waiting times, rushed appointments and language and logistical challenges. Suggested strategies to improve ANC access included accessible information on ANC pathways, stronger community and peer support, greater opportunities for direct engagement with professionals and integration of digital technologies into ANC services.ConclusionsFindings highlight need for easy-to-navigate ANC pathways, with targeted community outreach and supported navigation, culturally responsive communication with effective interpretation services and greater relational continuity to improve equitable ANC access and uptake.