Acceptable Level Of Safety Research Articles

Institutional Measures of Air Transport Safety Strategic Management at the Level of State Regulation

World leaders gathered at the United Nations (UN) and adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It is a plan of action aimed at achieving global sustainable development in economic, social and environmental areas, which ensures that no UN member state is left behind. The 17 sustainable development goals on the 2030 Agenda can be used as benchmarks for the coordinated development of UN member states. Aviation safety is an important component of the concept of general national security, the system of personal security, ecological and public safety and transport safety from external and internal threats. Maintaining an acceptable level of national aviation safety is a priority for the industry. The aviation transport is a part of the transport complex of Ukraine, which is an important component in the structure of the national economy and a link between all components of economic security to ensure the basic conditions of life and development of the state and society. The assessment of economic, technological, safety, social and ecological hazards is an integral part of all the logical blocks of the structural and functional scheme of strategic management of aviation safety in terms of sustainable development of the national economy. According to the concept of national aviation risk management developed by the authors, risk can be assessed as a mutual combination of hazarad, vulnerability and consequences. The application of this concept in relation to the air transport of Ukraine allowed to identify the main hazards, vulnerabilities, consequences and risks. The next step in the implementation of the concept is to develop institutional measures to neutralize threats in the field of aviation safety, which is actually a set of risk reduction measures for further sustainable development of the national economy. This article summarizes the hazards, vulnerabilities, consequences, risks, and institutional arrangements for strategic aviation safety management. Among the priority measures are: harmonization of national regulation of air transport with the requirements of global and regional levels, development of mechanisms for commercial protection of domestic air transport enterprises in the COVID-19 pandemic, implementation of strategic scenarios for sustainable development of air transport in Ukraine until 2030. The implementation of the proposed institutional measures will ensure an appropriate level of safety, efficiency and regularity of the national air transport of Ukraine.

Hygienic evaluation of diflubenzuron-based pesticides in various application technologies

Introduction. In connection with the widespread introduction of new preparative forms of pesticides and methods of their introduction into the environment, the urgent task of the modern period is to minimize the risk of exposure to pesticides on the health of workers and the population-the use of diflubenzuron of low and medium toxicity increases. Therefore, a mandatory criterion for assessing risk is registration tests, carried out during several stages - as hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization. Purpose of work. To assess the regularities of the formation of the risk of diflubenzuron by exposure and by the absorbed dose, depending on the type of preparative form of pesticides with different technologies of their introduction and regulating safe use measures. Materials and methods. The obtained exposure levels of insecticides based on diflubenzuron in the air and on the skin were compared with the hygienic standards calculated and experimentally established as follows: MPC (mg/m3) in the air of the working area and approximate admissible level (AAL) (mg/cm2) of skin contamination. The exposure level risk was determined by the safety level (SL) SLsumm value. The risk of exposure to insecticides based on diflubenzuron for the operator / user / refueller / pilot / signaller based on the absorbed dose, determined by the safety factor - SLp, and the exposure -SBsumm, is considered acceptable when SLsumm and SLp <1. Results. The paper presents the risk analysis results of the impact of diflubenzuron-based insecticides studied in natural conditions using 27 drugs with different preparative forms and methods (technologies) of their introduction into the environment. The risk of exposure to insecticides (SLsumm) for all technologies is acceptable SL. The risk of absorbed dose (SLp) was more significant regardless of the type of formulation. Wettable powder formulations are more unfavourable to use than other formulations. Conclusion. The conditions for the use of preparations based on diflubenzuron in the technologies of ground boom spraying and fan spraying of field and horticultural crops, in the treatment of field and forest crops by the aerial method, in the treatment of field and horticultural crops in private household plots, in the treatment of champignons in protected ground, compliance with regulations and measures safety meet hygienic requirements.

Safety Embedded System Integration in Automotive Network CAN Bus to Prevent Road Accidents

In recent years, safety driving has attracted growing interest from the scientific and the industrial communities. This interest is meant to reduce the road accidents caused by driver behavior, fatigue, drugs, etc. Drowsy driving is one of the first factors of road accidents; it compromises driving ability by reducing alertness and attentiveness, delaying reaction times, etc. In this paper, a solution to prevent road accidents based on driver drowsiness detection that can be connected to the other Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in the vehicle network through the Controller Area Network Protocol (CAN) Bus to act on the functionalities of the vehicle when the driver starts feeling (yawning) or become drowsy has been proposed. The proposed solution has achieved an average accuracy of 99.10%. The simulation results confirm that the proposed system can efficiently detect driver drowsiness and warn the driver before anything undesired happens in order to ensure a sufficient and acceptable level of safety. A comparison with recently published works in this field is also provided.

Hydraulic and Structural Assessment of a Rubble-Mound Breakwater with a Hybrid Wave Energy Converter

Seaports’ breakwaters serve as important infrastructures capable of sheltering ships, facilities, and harbour personnel from severe wave climate. Given their exposure to ocean waves and port authorities’ increasing awareness towards sustainability, it is important to develop and assess wave energy conversion technologies suitable of being integrated into seaport breakwaters. To fulfil this goal whilst ensuring adequate sheltering conditions, this paper describes the performance and stability analysis of the armour layer and toe berm of a 1/50 geometric scale model of the north breakwater extension project, intended for the Port of Leixões, with an integrated hybrid wave energy converter. This novel hybrid concept combines an oscillating water column and an overtopping device. The breakwater was also studied without the hybrid wave energy device as to enable a thorough comparison between both solutions regarding structural stability, safety, and overtopping performance. The results point towards a considerable reduction in the overtopping volumes through the integration of the hybrid technology by an average value of 50%, while the stability analysis suggests that the toe berm of the breakwater is not significantly affected by the hybrid device, leading to acceptable safety levels. Even so, some block displacements were observed, and the attained stability numbers were slightly above the recommended thresholds from the literature. It is also shown that traditional damage assessment parameters should be applied with care when non-conventional structures are analysed, such as rubble-mound breakwaters with integrated wave energy converters.

A New Method for Friction Estimation in EMA Transmissions

The increasing interest for adopting electromechanical actuators (EMAs) on aircraft demands improved diagnostic and prognostic methodologies to be applied to such systems in order to guarantee acceptable levels of reliability and safety. While diagnostics methods and techniques can help prevent fault propagation and performance degradation, prognostic methods can be applied in tandem to reduce maintenance costs and increase overall safety by enabling predictive and condition-based maintenance schedules. In this work, a predictive approach for EMAs friction torque estimation is proposed. The algorithm is based on the reconstruction of the residual torque in mechanical transmissions. The quantity is then sampled and an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to obtain an estimation of the current health status of the transmission. Early results demonstrate that such an approach can predict the transmission health status with good accuracy.

METHOD OF OPERATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF ROLLING STOCK DERAILMENT

The article presents the principles of the method of operational investigation of rolling stock derailment. This method is intended to identify the most significant mechanical reasons for transport accidents in order to find directions to further improving the safety requirements for the state of maintenance of freight cars and tracks on the basis of the data. The developed method establishes a general methodological order of conducting computer simulation of the dynamics of rolling stock of multivariate studies on calculating the safety indicators of train’s motion, and shows the significance of technical factors that provoked a certain event. By this method, the operational investigation of rolling stock derailment is based on the development of adequate computer models of dynamics of cars in trains. In this case, in detail, all the features of the car, which descended from the rails, are first. The presented method is based on the principles of factor analysis, where the intervals of varying events are presented in natural units of measurement. In this case, the assessment of security indicators for each research of the experiment plan is also carried out taking into account their dimension. As a result, the function of multiple regressions on the chosen indicator of motion safety allows not only to determine the significance of the factor of the ascent, but also to establish the level of factors, with exceeding the criteria for motion safety, that is, to determine the boundaries of the region with an acceptable level of motion safety.

Reliability-based design assessment of offshore inflatable barrier structures made of fibre-reinforced composites

Analysis and design of inflatable structures made of fibre reinforced composites have been the focus of many researchers in recent times. As with most designs, sources of uncertainty, variability and bias in the performance of the designed structures exist and should normally be assessed. This paper thus, seeks to identify and quantify levels of uncertainties that are in the design of a typical inflatable fender barrier structure against impact loadings and conducts reliability-based evaluation toward understanding safety levels and factors of safety to be employed for its design and for similar structures. Using a previously validated 3D parametric fluid-structure interaction analysis results of the model, implicit limit state response surface-based performance functions were derived for the structural responses to loads for the complex stresses and strain modes of failures. The First Order Reliability Method (FORM) was used to evaluate the influence of the uncertainties in materials and load parameters and hence the safety margins for the modes of failures considered. The findings in this study will provide benchmark levels for practicing engineers in carrying out optimal design of similar inflatable structures with acceptable safety levels.

The use of weak signals in occupational safety and health: An investigation

The domain of occupational safety and health (OSH) is forced to respond to the requirements set by the rapid technological development and progress in order for the organizations to attain acceptable organizational safety and health maturity levels. Being able to understand weak signals and to develop mechanisms for their identification and management, can potentially lead to safer and healthier workplaces.The systematic and on-time identification of weak signals and their origin provides the potential for early intervention. If the threat is not recognized at an early stage, then the possibility of successful intervention is minimized along with the potential to abolish unwanted consequences and impending major disasters.This paper investigates and analyzes the current knowledge and use of weak signals within the OSH domain. The investigation is primarily based on the review of existing OSH literature, and is supplemented by a technical examination of selected major industrial accidents with respect to the documented existence of weak signals before their occurrence. The findings of this investigation provide a theoretical contribution towards a better understanding of the nature and current impact of weak signals within the OSH domain. Furthermore, they highlight the lack of weak signals consideration within traditional occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS), and indicate that their explicit management can potentially enhance the global effort made for the minimization of occupational accidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences.

New developments in assessment of wave overtopping on single-layer cube armoured breakwaters based on laboratory experiments

Wave overtopping is a critical aspect to take into consideration when designing a coastal structure. An adequate crest geometry (a combination of height and width) is required to maintain the required acceptable safety levels for the population and infrastructure behind the structure. This paper presents the wave overtopping results of laboratory experiments for single-layer cube (SLC) armoured breakwaters with a regular placement pattern. The experiments considered different incident wave conditions and two armour layer porosities, 29% and 33%. Mean wave overtopping discharges obtained were generally higher than the ones observed in previous experiments for the same armour configuration. Available methods shown some limitations in predicting the measured overtopping discharges suggesting the relevance of other factors. It is observed that, by including the ratio of wavelength to the armour crest width in an alternative overtopping formula, the mean flow rate predictions are improved. It was also found that mean overtopping discharges increase by 16–42% due to a decrease in armour porosity with negligible differences in reflection coefficients. A different initial seed number in the wave generation series can lead to differences in wave overtopping discharges up to a factor of two. This work aims to contribute to the knowledge of wave overtopping in SLC armoured breakwaters considering the limited available information for this type of armour configuration.

Negotiating safety and vulnerability in everyday life: perspectives of UK older people from participative research

ABSTRACT This article reports on a participative study that began to explore what safety and vulnerability mean to older people and the resources they draw on to keep themselves safe. The methodology was designed in collaboration with an independent advocacy organisation and 10 of its older members, who were also research participants. It involved focus groups and repeated visits to five participants to discuss their daily lives. The findings indicate that ‘safety’ and ‘vulnerability’ have subjective, experiential dimensions, which are situated in particular relationships, environments and experiences over time. Participants reported drawing on their own strengths and the strengths of others in their families, communities and local services to achieve an acceptable level of felt safety for themselves. However, this sense of safety could not be disentangled from, nor always prioritised over, wider aspects of living well including maintaining reciprocal relationships, preserving self-identity and contributing to the well-being of families and other social groups of which they felt themselves a part. Implications are considered in light of UK and wider European policy aspirations to support both autonomy and safety: specifically, the need to foster supportive communities, to offer low-level support and to pay attention to what safety means to each individual.

A Safety Analysis Method for Control Software in Coordination with FMEA and FTA

In this study, we proposed a method to improve the safety level of control software (CSW) by managing the CSW’s design information and safety analysis results, and combining failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). Here, the CSW is developed using structured analysis and design methodology. In the upper stage of the CSW’s development process, as the input of the preliminary design information (data flow diagrams (DFDs) and control flow diagrams (CFDs)), the causes of undesirable events of the CSW are clarified by FMEA, and the countermeasures are reflected in the preliminary design information. In the lower stage of the CSW’s development process, as the inputs of the detailed design information (DFDs and CFDs in the lower level) and programs, the causes of the specific undesirable event are clarified by FTA, and the countermeasures are reflected in the detailed design specifications and programs. The processes are repeated until the impact of undesirable events become the acceptable safety level. By applying the proposed method to the CSW installed into a communication control equipment on the space system, we clarified several undesirable events and adopted adequate countermeasures. Consequently, a safer CSW is developed by applying the proposed method.

Disease‐Modifying Therapies and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to assess the impact of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies on the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of PwMS with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19. All the patients had complete follow‐up to death or recovery. Severe COVID‐19 was defined by a 3‐level variable: mild disease not requiring hospitalization versus pneumonia or hospitalization versus intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. We evaluated baseline characteristics and MS therapies associated with severe COVID‐19 by multivariate and propensity score (PS)‐weighted ordinal logistic models. Sensitivity analyses were run to confirm the results.ResultsOf 844 PwMS with suspected (n = 565) or confirmed (n = 279) COVID‐19, 13 (1.54%) died; 11 of them were in a progressive MS phase, and 8 were without any therapy. Thirty‐eight (4.5%) were admitted to an ICU; 99 (11.7%) had radiologically documented pneumonia; 96 (11.4%) were hospitalized.After adjusting for region, age, sex, progressive MS course, Expanded Disability Status Scale, disease duration, body mass index, comorbidities, and recent methylprednisolone use, therapy with an anti‐CD20 agent (ocrelizumab or rituximab) was significantly associated (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–4.74, p = 0.015) with increased risk of severe COVID‐19. Recent use (<1 month) of methylprednisolone was also associated with a worse outcome (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 2.20–12.53, p = 0.001). Results were confirmed by the PS‐weighted analysis and by all the sensitivity analyses.InterpretationThis study showed an acceptable level of safety of therapies with a broad array of mechanisms of action. However, some specific elements of risk emerged. These will need to be considered while the COVID‐19 pandemic persists. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:780–789

Reliability of Automotive Multidomain Controllers: Advancements in electronics cooling technologies

The contemporary automotive market is undergoing rapid changes that will inevitably revolutionize the road transportation sector in the years to come. Alongside electric vehicles and sophisticated vehicular communication systems, autonomous driving (AD) is emerging as a game-changing technology of the near future. To enable this cutting-edge functionality, passenger vehicles are equipped with various data acquisition and processing systems that collect information from vehicle surroundings. Onboard sensors, such as cameras, lidar, and radar, produce large data streams that are integrated and interpreted by processing units and subsequently used to generate signals to control car behavior. To ensure an acceptable level of safety in on-road operating conditions, these operations are performed in (near) real time. Additionally, a typical modern vehicle includes a combination of communication, driver assistance, active safety, and sophisticated infotainment devices, each of which is often a state-of-the-art electronic system [1].

Organizational and economic levers to ensure an acceptable level of agro-ecological safety in the context of leadership

It is proved on the basis of the analysis of statistical reports that the current state of agricultural land use in Ukraine in the production commercial products crop production is not balanced. It was shown that the increase in agricultural production profits is due to the depletion of agro-resource potential without proper implementation of land-based activities. The result of this method of agricultural production on the basis of agricultural land use is high indicators of losses as land resources (the area of degraded soils grows annually by 90 thousand hectares (NATIONAL Report, 2014), more than 30,7% of lands are eroded), and financial losses (the loss of crop in the medium-earth soils is 40%, and strongly-swollen - 60%), the consequences of which will be even more disappointing for the following periods. In the process of execution objective of this work from the analysis of the reasons for the formation of increased levels of anthropogenic loading on agroecosystem in Ukraine the systematization of the types of it’s impacts has been organized in groups, the key role of agroholdings in this aspect has been determined as the most significant organizational and economic form of implementation of agro-industrial activities. At the same time land use is going based involvement on instruments of lease of agricultural land, due to which the owner of the land plot moving away from the process of land use and minimizing the interest of land users in maintaining an acceptable level of agro-ecological safety, and preferences are given to economic priorities. The correction of the situation is proposed through the strengthening of the use of the potential of organizational and economic instruments and instruments designed to create new economic conditions, which ensures the introduction of a system of scientifically grounded land-use measures, both at the regional level and at a state-level high-value scale. The necessity of introducing an economic turnaround of agricultural land plots with the simultaneous strengthening of the legislative and regulatory framework for the functioning of these processes, the development of the institutional environment and information infrastructure to ensure transparency and public access to information on the state of agroecological safety and qualitative characteristics of soils is substantiated.

Modern high strength steels under high strain-rate regimes

In order to properly design critical infrastructures and buildings in steel (bridges, high-rise building, off-shore, cranes, etc.), certain requirements concerning to mechanical resistance and robustness under exceptional actions have to be carefully fulfilled. An acceptable level of safety must be assured to avoid human loss, environmental pollution and material damage. These structures can be subjected to severe accidental loading such as blast or impact. In this context it is fundamental to adequately know the behaviour of structural steel under high strain rate. Modern high strength steels are quenched and selftempered steels. These steels have several layers with differentiated microstructures (martensitic in the cortical part and ferritic in the core). The behaviour of the single layer at high strain rate regimes have to be accurately studied. The paper collects and discusses the tensile results at high strain rate obtained on samples of homogeneous layers of S690QL and S960QL steels. Finally, the characterisation of the single layers has been used in order to analyse the results obtained in large specimen obtained from slabs 12mm thick.

Reliability and geotechnical safety applied to deep foundations in precast concrete piles - case study

Abstract The Brazilian standard pertinent to the design and execution of foundations, NBR 6122/2019, establishes that the safety inspection of foundations of a given project must be conducted based on compliance with specified safety factors. Safety factor verification is imperative to meet regulatory requirements; however, it is not enough to guarantee the safety of a foundation. As there is variability in the resistance and solicitation of the piles that make up a foundation, each safety factor value reflects a failure probability. Therefore, it is fictitious that the use of an adequate safety factor value implies the absence of failure risk. Thus, a reliability analysis, applied to a real building with an access ramp whose foundations are composed of precast concrete piles, based on the probabilistic moments, mean, and coefficient of variation, associated with the variability of pile resistance and solicitation, is presented in this article. The values obtained for the safety factors (2.14 and 1.98 for the building and the ramp foundations, respectively) and failure probabilities (1:2,244 and 1:3,131 for the building and the ramp foundations, respectively) implies that the project in question has an acceptable safety level. This article allows us to conclude that a small variation in the reliability index results in a large variation in failure probability; that a greater global safety factor does not necessarily lead to a lower failure probability and it becomes evident that this reliability analysis is a practical way, to manage the uncertainties inherent in foundation design, allowing rational decision making regarding performance.

Safety and Utility of Rush Immunotherapy with Aqueous Allergen Extracts for Treatment of Respiratory Allergies.

BackgroundGenerally, allergen immunotherapy must be administered for three to five years. Meanwhile, rush immunotherapy (RIT) shortens the required duration for the build-up phase, thereby improving the therapy's convenience compared with conventional immunotherapy (CIT). However, RIT is often performed with modified allergens. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the safety and utility of RIT with aqueous allergens.MethodsMedical records of 98 patients sensitized with at least one inhalant allergen who had received subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis with or without asthma were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were classified into three groups: depot-RIT (n = 25), receiving RIT with depot allergen; aqueous-RIT (n = 48), receiving RIT with aqueous allergen; and aqueous-CIT (n = 25), receiving CIT with aqueous allergen. Patients who had received immunotherapy targeting only house dust mites were excluded.ResultsThe proportions of patients presenting with a systemic reaction to depot-RIT, aqueous-RIT, or aqueous-CIT were 80.0%, 85.4%, and 48.0%, respectively (P = 0.002). The proportions of patients experiencing severe systemic reaction were 4.0%, 16.7%, and 8.0% in depot-RIT, aqueous-RIT and aqueous-CIT, respectively (P = 0.223). The proportions of depot-RIT and aqueous-RIT patients presenting with systemic reaction or severe systemic reaction did not differ significantly (P = 0.553 and P = 0.118, respectively). Significantly fewer depot-RIT (1.0 ± 0.2) and aqueous-RIT patients (2.0 ± 1.3) required outpatient clinical visits during the build-up phase, compared to those administered aqueous-CIT (13.6 ± 1.9; P < 0.001). Moreover, the build-up phase decreased to 17.4 ± 1.8 days in depot-RIT and 23.7 ± 10.9 days in aqueous-RIT, compared to 92.0 ± 12.5 days in aqueous-CIT (P < 0.001).ConclusionRIT with aqueous allergen reduced the build-up phase duration and frequency of hospital visits, with acceptable safety levels. RIT with aqueous allergen may, therefore, be suitable for broad application to patients with respiratory allergies.

Innovative Approach to Sustainable Mobility and Transport Through Big Data From ICT – Pilot Study in Cracow, Poland

New challenges of urban transport are connected to sustainability, the growing urban population globally, life quality and quality of urban environment, reduction of pollution and energy consumption. Sustainable urban mobility is no more dependent only on passenger transport efficiency, but also on transport accessibility of commuting services, acceptable level of comfort, safety and security of urban public transport and many more. Although a huge amount of data are available from modern communication services, the question of how to use those big data efficiently to improve urban mobility is unknown. Positive changes of mobility attitudes and travel behavior of citizens are going slowly, which means that personal motivation do not follow big data availability. This motivation is dependent on quality of public transport offer and services, among which information services are suspected to play a crucial role. Modern ICT methods of transport information delivery are based on Internet and social media, which through commonly used mobile devices are available at every stage of journey. In this article authors try, based on the pilot survey, to check how young Krakow citizens use social media in every day travels and commuting. The overall goal of the author’s study is to answer the question: how to use big data coming from ICT in order to upgrade urban transport sustainability.

Rational crushing of mineral raw materials by well charges as a factor of environmental safety of blasting works in quarries

Purpose. Improving the environmental safety of blasting operations in quarries for the extraction of non-metallic and construction materials based on their rational explosive crushing, aimed at reducing the effect of overgrinding, accompanied by the formation of fine fractions of materials and significant dust emissions. The research methodology provided a theoretical analysis of the destruction processes of a rock massif by well charges of explosives on the basis of calculations of shock adiabats of an explosive wave in rocks at different speeds of detonation of explosives. Experimental verification of the identified patterns was performed by assessing the quality of blasting by the particle size distribution of the rock in the collapse. Research results. The scientific and practical task of ensuring rational explosive crushing of materials in quarries with the use of elongated borehole charges has been solved. Mechanisms for the destruction of rock massifs and the peculiarities of the distribution of destruction zones by dispersed composition have been established, which contributes to the reduction of dust emissions into the atmosphere to an acceptable level of environmental safety of blasting operations in quarries. Comparative estimates of the shock load during the explosion of the explosive charge for the main rocks at different levels of the rate of detonation of charges are given. The dependence of the volume of overgrinding rock in the zone of its adjacency to the charge on the detonation velocity of explosives has been established. An experimental verification of the identified patterns in the current quarry by assessing the quality of blasting by the particle size distribution of rock mass in its collapse after experimental explosions with different parameters is done. Scientific novelty. The multiphase process of rock destruction by explosion was investigated by the calculated determination of the parameters of the shock adiabats of the blast wave in different rocks and at different detonation velocities of explosives. It is shown that during the destruction of a rock mass by the explosion of an elongated borehole charge of explosives, several specific zones of destruction are formed, the characteristics of which differ in particle size distribution. The area of controlled crushing is highlighted, where the intensity of rock destruction can be changed by adjusting the parameters of the explosive load and the area of little or almost unregulated crushing. The possibility of managing the process of dust formation and, accordingly, the level of environmental safety of blasting works in quarries for the extraction of non-metallic and construction materials is substantiated. Practical meaning. The identified patterns and provisions to reduce the effect of mineral overgrinding were used in the development of measures to improve the environmental safety of blasting in the quarry, which, in particular, provided an increase in well spacing in the range up to 3.0-3.4 m and reduce specific energy consumption from 1.27 g/cm3 to 0.97 g/cm3.

Bezbednost zaposlenih u vanrednim situacijama - epidemija zarazne bolesti Covid 19

The Covid 19 epidemic has reached unprecedented proportions and caused catastrophic consequences in all spheres of society. The effects of this epidemic have affected business organizations, namely companies in the Republic of Serbia as well. Considering that the infectious disease Covid 19 has the character of a public danger, taking emergency measures was expected. The potential threat to the life and health of employees launched certain requirements, which were necessary to meet in order to achieve safe working conditions. The paper is based on the analysis of security of employees in emergency circumstances caused by infectious disease Covid 19. The risks and threats of Covid 19 and the importance of applying prescribed protection measures in order to achieve an acceptable level of safety and health at work, as a significant segment of complex and dynamic corporate security.