Acceptable Level Of Safety Research Articles

Optimizing Inspection Intervals Through Risk Evaluation in Aircraft Structures

Abstract As aircraft fleets age, maintaining operational readiness at an affordable cost becomes increasingly challenging. This is largely due to the rise in Preventive Maintenance Task Requirements (PMTRs) outlined in the Aircraft Maintenance Program (AMP). While aging aircraft may require more frequent inspections, leveraging data from prior inspections enables the optimization of inspection intervals based on risk, ensuring cost efficiency by minimizing unnecessary downtime, while maintaining the required safety level. The primary objective of the AMP is to ensure the airworthiness and operational readiness of an aircraft system throughout their service life. To achieve this, it is essential to establish an acceptable level of risk as a basis for determining optimal PMTR recurrence. The SMART|DT tool, developed with FAA funding, provides a robust framework for conducting risk assessments of aircraft structures using Probabilistic Damage Tolerance Analysis (PDTA), which effectively assesses and manages the risk of structural failure. During the sustainment phase of the Swiss Air Force F/A 18 fleet, data-driven analyses within SMART|DT, and other tailored statistical tools, were performed to evaluate the risks associated with various PMTR intervals. This paper will explain the methodology applied to both Safe-Life and Damage-Tolerance structures, with real-world applications to demonstrate how inspection intervals can be optimized. By doing so, PMTR recurrence can be fine-tuned to enhance aircraft readiness and program affordability while maintaining an acceptable level of safety.

Overall efficacy and safety of olanzapine 5 mg added to triplet antiemetics for an anthracycline-containing regimen in patients with breast cancer: a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Overall efficacy and safety of olanzapine 5 mg added to triplet antiemetics for an anthracycline-containing regimen in patients with breast cancer: a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Point Transformer Network-Based Surrogate Model for Spatial Prediction in Bridges

Bridges are essential assets of inland transportation infrastructure; however, they are among the most vulnerable elements of these networks due to deterioration caused by aging and the increasing loads to which they are subjected over time. Consequently, maintenance becomes critical to ensure acceptable levels of safety and service. Finite element (FE) models are traditionally used to reliably assess structural health, but their computational expense often prevents their extensive use in routine bridge assessments. To overcome this computational limitation, this paper presents an innovative deep learning-based surrogate model for predicting local displacements in bridge structures. By utilizing point cloud data and transformer neural networks, the model provides fast and accurate predictions of displacements, addressing the limitations of traditional methods. A case study of a historical bridge demonstrates the model’s efficiency. The proposed approach integrates spatial data processing techniques, offering a computationally efficient alternative for bridge health monitoring. Our results show that the model achieves mean absolute errors below 0.0213 mm, drastically reducing the time required for structural analysis.

Efficacy and safety of rapid dose escalation of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of the multicenter “METEOR” study

The aim of the study – to analyze the effectiveness and tolerability of subcutaneous methotrexate (sc MTX) (Metorthrit; S.C. Rompharm Company S.R.L) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with high disease activity and rapid dose escalation, to assess their quality of life (QoL) in real clinical practice.Material and methods. The study included 105 patients, mostly women, with a reliable diagnosis of RA with high disease activity (DAS-28 (Disease Activity Score 28) ≥5.1) aged 18 years and older and ineffectiveness of previous oral MTX therapy for at least 6 months or who had not received MTX. Sc MTX therapy was started at a dose of 15 mg/weekly. During the first month of therapy, a rapid escalation of the sc MTX dose of 2.5 mg/week was performed once a week. until the dose of 22.5 mg/week was reached, then, with insufficient response, the dose of sc MTX could be increased to 25 mg/week. The evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy, functional status, and QoL was carried out after 4–12–18–24 weeks.Results. After a rapid escalation of the sc MTX dose during the first month of the study, at all stages of follow-up, a rapid decrease in disease activity was noted for all standard indices (DAS-28 – from 5.8±0.75 to 2.93±1.05; CDAI (Clinical Disease Activity Score) – from 30.13±8.33 to 7.08±6.07; SDAI (Simplified Disease Activity Score) – from 32.78±9.64 to 7.48±6.53) and the activity index, which was evaluated by the patients themselves (RAPID-3 (Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3) from 16.18±4.6 to 5.56±4.66; p≤0.05). The number of patients with high disease activity according to DAS-28 decreased by 2 times by the week 4 of therapy (to 46.2%), after 12 weeks they remained 13.3%, and by week 24 high activity remained only in 4.4% of patients. There was a marked decrease in pain from 65.6±13.07 to 20.5±17.1 mm in VAS (Visual Analogue Score) (p<0.001), which contributed to an improvement in the functional state: the HAQ (Health Assessment Questionnaire) index decreased on average from 1.47±0.65 to 0.64±052 points. Population indicators of functional status (HAQ≤0.5) by the week 24 of therapy were observed in 48.9% of patients. A decrease in the level of fatigue (from 6.25±7.04 to 1.81±1.71 cm according to VAS; p<0.001) was accompanied by a decrease in anxiety (from 7.47±4.03 to 2.36±2.72; p<0.001) and depression (from 7.77±3.84 to 2.50±2.56; p<0.001), as well as improved sleep. By the week 24 of the study, 45% of patients had population-based indicators of QoL according to the EQ-5D index. Glucocorticoids (GC) were completely eliminated in 2/3 of the patients. Patients who did not receive GC had lower disease activity by 24 weeks in all indices: DAS-28 (2.7±0.1 and 3.4±0.2, respectively), CDAI (6.0±0.3 and 10.2±0.1), SDAI (6.4±0.2 and 10.9±0.3) (p<0.05). Patients receiving and not receiving GC had the same number of adverse reactions (p>0.05), however, the number of infections in patients receiving GC was significantly higher (9.5% and 0.0%, respectively; p=0.009). The need for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at the beginning of the study was in 93.2% of patients on average 21.1 days per month, after 24 weeks, the need for NSAIDs was in 54.4% of patients on average 3.8 days per month. In general, the safety profile of MTX was acceptable.Conclusion. With high RA activity, the tactics of starting therapy with sc MTX at a dose of 15 mg per week and a rapid escalation of its dose of 2.5 mg weekly to 22.5–25 mg/week, allows achieving therapy goals by 3 months in 17.8% of patients, and by 6 months in 54.5%, to quickly improve the QoL, reduce the level of pain, reduce the dose of GC by 3 months of therapy or completely cancel them, reduce the need for NSAIDs by 7 times with an acceptable level of therapy safety.

Разработка алгоритма определения периодичности инспекции предохранительных устройств на основе качественного анализа риска

The most crucial aspect of the safe operation of a hazardous production facility is compliance with the industrial safety requirements established by the Federal Law № 116-FZ «On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities», federal norms and rules for industrial safety, and other documents that regulate ensuring industrial safety. Therefore, different types of devices, whose integrity and reliability must also be ensured, are used at hazardous production facilities. The matters of determination of inter-inspectional intervals are considered; Russian and international regulatory documents as to the inspection of safety devices are reviewed. The algorithm takes into account the following factors of safety device operation: working environment, corrosiveness, exposure of a safety device to vibration and pulsation, and the criticality of a safety device for personnel’s and production safety. The frequency of inspection of safety devices in accordance with the proposed algorithm does not contradict the maximum permissible intervals stipulated in API 510, API 576, and NBIC-2015; at the same time, conservatism and objectivity are preserved when determining the criticality. A direct-acting spring safety valve of direct action DN 25/50, PN20, used at hazardous production facilities of oil and gas refinery plants has been selected as an object of research. According to the calculations, the inter-inspectional interval under IPKM—2005 is 36 months (3 years), under API 510/576 is 120 months (10 years), and under the proposed algorithm is 48 months (4 years). Therefore, the proposed algorithm implies qualitative risk analysis that considers operating conditions of safety devices, which requires a high level of expertise and skills from inspecting persons. It is based on the risk assessment, which does not contradict the effective regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and therefore can be applied at hazardous production facilities. Determining frequency in accordance with the proposed algorithm will help improve the economic efficiency of operating companies and ensure an acceptable level of industrial safety.

Assessment of Human Health Risk from Chromium in Drinking Water in the Northeast of Iran Using the Monte Carlo Simulation

Background: Despite technological advancements, heavy metal concentrations in water sources remain above the safe limits set by regulatory standards worldwide. Contaminated drinking water containing heavy metals poses significant public health concerns globally. Objectives: This study aims to examine the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for adults and children exposed to chromium (Cr) in drinking water through ingestion and dermal pathways. Methods: Health risk assessments were conducted on 60 samples collected from ten active wells and ten stations within the drinking water distribution network sections in Fariman, Iran. The Superfund risk assessment model from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was employed to evaluate health risks. Crystal Ball software was used to perform Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analyses to reduce uncertainties and assess the impact of each variable on the risk assessment results. Results: The hazard quotient (HQ) values for Cr from ingestion pathways exceeded the safety level threshold (HQ > 1) for both adults and children in all sampling sites, while for dermal exposure, the HQ was lower than the safe limit for both populations. The mean cancer risk (CR) values for children and adults via ingestion were 4.58 × 10-4 and 7.9 × 10-5, respectively. However, the CR associated with dermal exposure for both groups was deemed negligible. Conclusions: The health risk of Cr exposure from drinking water exceeds the acceptable safety level for children and adults. This indicates that drinking water is the primary source of Cr exposure for residents in Fariman. It is essential to implement more control measures and suitable purification systems to reduce Cr levels in the water supply in Fariman.

Efficacy and safety of Anlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin as a first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A single-arm clinical trial.

The effectiveness and safety of combining anlotinib with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the first-line treatment of recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M NPC) have not been definitively established. This research seeks to investigate the potential benefits and risks of utilizing this combination therapy in the first-line management of R/M NPC. The research involved 22 individuals diagnosed with R/M NPC and who had not undergone any previous treatment. These patients were administered a concomitant therapy of anlotinib, gemcitabine, and cisplatin in cycles occurring every 3 weeks. The primary focus of the study was to assess progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and objective response rate (ORR). The findings revealed that the median PFS duration for patients with R/M NPC receiving the GPA regimen as a first-line treatment was 12.6 months, with a 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1 to 25.2. The median OS was reported as 37.4 months, with 95% CI: 28.0 to 46.8. The DCR in this study was 95.5%, while the ORR was 63.6%. Anlotinib has demonstrated a degree of effectiveness in the initial treatment of R/M NPC, while maintaining an acceptable level of safety.

Proposing an Affordable Real-Time Camera-Based Safety and Quality Management Framework for Construction Industries in Developing Countries

The construction industry in developing countries faces persistent challenges, including limited funding, poor infrastructure, insufficient use of technology, and weak quality management practices. These issues reduce productivity, compromise safety, and lower efficiency, often resulting in project delays, cost overruns, and substandard structures. This study introduces a safety and quality management framework that uses affordable camera technology and a structured web-based platform to address these challenges. The proposed system is designed to identify, document, and resolve potential issues systematically, fostering safer and more efficient construction environments. This research addresses the gap between the potential of technological advancements and their limited adoption in resource-constrained settings. Financial barriers often limit the availability of expertise on-site and restrict access to sophisticated tools, while inadequate quality control exacerbates risks, wastes resources, and undermines project outcomes. By introducing an affordable, easy-to-deploy solution, this study aims to bridge that gap and improve industry practices. Initial case studies have demonstrated promising results, including achieving acceptable quality and safety levels through the help of expertise from abroad. This paper details the design, implementation, and scalability of the proposed system while highlighting its adaptability to diverse construction contexts in developing nations. Additionally, it emphasizes the broader benefits of integrating technology into the construction industry, such as promoting economic growth and supporting sustainable development. Adopting this high-impact, cost-effective solution has the potential to significantly enhance technical capabilities, improve efficiency, and elevate social conditions through safer and more sustainable construction practices. This framework represents a transformative opportunity for the construction industry in developing countries, contributing to long-term progress and prosperity.

AGPred: An End-to-End Deep Learning Model to Predicting Drug Approvals in Clinical Trials Based on Molecular Features.

One of the major challenges in drug development is maintaining acceptable levels of efficacy and safety throughout the various stages of clinical trials and successfully bringing the drug to market. However, clinical trials are time-consuming and expensive. While there are computational methods designed to predict the likelihood of a drug passing clinical trials and reaching the market, these methods heavily rely on manual feature engineering and cannot automatically learn drug molecular representations, resulting in relatively low model performance. In this study, we propose AGPred, an attention-based deep Graph Neural Network (GNN) designed to predict drug approval rates in clinical trials accurately. Unlike the few existing studies on drug approval prediction, which only use predicted targets of compounds, our novel approach employs a GNN module to extract high-potential features of compounds based on their molecular graphs. Additionally, a cross-attention-based fusion module is utilized to learn molecular fingerprint features, enhancing the model's representation of chemical structures. Meanwhile, AGPred integrates the physicochemical properties of drugs to provide a comprehensive description of the molecules. Experimental results indicate that AGPred outperforms four state-of-the-art models on both benchmark and independent datasets. The study also includes several ablation experiments and visual analyses to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in predicting drug approval during clinical trials. The codes for AGPred are available at https://github.com/zhc940702/AGPred.

First-line chemotherapy with tislelizumab for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis

The Phase 3 RATIONALE-312 trial (NCT04005716) showed that tislelizumab plus chemotherapy led to a noteworthy enhancement resulted in a significant improvement in overall survival among patients diagnosed with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) compared to chemotherapy alone. The treatment also had an acceptable level of safety. Nevertheless, the debate over the efficacy of implementing several treatment plans in competition continues due to the significant expenses involved. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy and cost of tislelizumab treatment as a first-line treatment for the ES-SCLC patient population in China. The study assessed primary health outcomes by measuring life years (LYs), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). This was done using a Markov model considering three health states with a 15-year horizon. To assess its model resilience, we conducted one-way sensitivity analyses with probability. In addition, subgroup analyses of some pre-specified patients was performed. Compared to chemotherapy alone, tislelizumab plus chemotherapy resulted in an additional 0.34 ($8,028) QALYs, leading to an ICER of $23,553 per QALY for the overall patient population. The ICER was lower than the assumed willingness-to-pay threshold of $35,367 per QALY. Approximately 60% of simulations suggested that tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy was cost-effective, while 40% suggested that chemotherapy alone was cost-effective. The subsequent sensitivity analyses revealed that the health utility value associated with the disease progression parameter had the greatest influence on ICER. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy was a preferable treatment option for regimens for patients with ES-SCLC in China. This finding is important in guiding the Chinese healthcare system.

Toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of Eleutherine bulbosa (Miller) Urb, ethanolic extract, in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Eleutherine bulbosa (Miller) Urb, popularly known as "marupa-zinho", is frequently used in traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including hypertension, ulcers, constipation, and intestinal infection. However, there is little scientific knowledge available regarding the pharmacological effects of this species. Thus in vivo and in silico phytochemical studies are required to establish whether this plant has these effects. Further tests were necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the compounds found in this plant, and demonstrate results related to the anti-inflammatory process, which will serve as the basis for future research in this area. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the acute toxicity levels of the hexanoic fraction of the ethanolic extract of Eleutherine bulbosa (referred to as ExtHF) using adult zebrafish, with the determination of the LD50, behavioral and histopathological evaluations, as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of ExtHF, at different doses, in abdominal edema induced by carrageenan. The acute toxicity study and histopathological analysis in zebrafish showed that ExtHF has a high toxic potential, with an LD50 of 346.74 mg/kg. However, ExtHF showed an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting abdominal edema at all doses tested. The inhibition rate of 66.2% and 62.4%, respectively, was observed with the 2.5 mg/kg dose, respectively, indicating that ExtHF is safe in terms of acute toxicity based on behavioral changes, mortality rate, and histopathological examination. Therefore, ExtHF has an acceptable level of safety for acute toxicity, defined by the analysis of behavioral changes, mortality, and histopathology, showing a significant anti-inflammatory effect in zebrafish at all doses, showing that ExtHF was very efficient in preventing the formation of edema, in addition, it was also revealed that ExtHF has a great effect in reversing the edema which is already installed. Molecular docking studies revealed that the eleutherol molecule isolated from E. bulbosa has a dual inhibition profile against cyclooxygenase-1 and 2.

Overview of COVID-19 vaccine adverse events

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers' efforts have focused on developing vaccines to reduce the risk of further global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. The research carried out allowed for the introduction, in an extremely short time, of preparations based on mRNA technology (Pfizer BioNTech and Moderna products), viral vector preparations (AstraZeneca AB and Janssen-Cilag International NV preparations), and protein-based preparations (Novavax CZ a.s. and Hipra Human Health, S.L.U. preparations). Clinical trials demonstrated the expected effectiveness of the vaccines, with a positive benefit-to-risk ratio allowing for their registration. However, as with other medicinal products, knowledge about the types and actual frequency of side effects is mostly acquired during the fourth, post-registration phase of drug monitoring, called pharmacovigilance, aimed at analysing the safety of commonly used medicinal products. It is now known that COVID-19 vaccines cause a number of non-specific (e.g. skin hypersensitivity reactions, headaches, muscle pain, fever after administration) and specific (e.g. "COVID arm", myocarditis and/or pericarditis, thrombocytopenic thrombosis) adverse reactions. It should be emphasised that the overall clinical evaluation of the vaccines remains positive, indicating their continued effectiveness (despite the still-present genetic variability of the virus) in protecting against severe course of the disease, hospitalisation, and death in high-risk patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while still maintaining an acceptable level of safety when used. This paper is a narrative review, summarising and systematising the most significant adverse events of the COVID-19 vaccines.

A rapid and high-throughput fraud detection method of Philippine coconut wine (lambanog) using 1H qNMR spectroscopy

Methanol contamination of the Philippine coconut spirit lambanog (often called coconut wine) is the major cause of lambanog-related deaths in the country. Hence, a strict quality control and detection method must be established for methanol in tandem with ethanol analysis. In this study, a quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) method using 1H analysis was developed to quantify the methanol and ethanol in 26 lambanog samples collected from four different provinces in Luzon, Philippines. A certified qNMR standard was used as an internal standard for the 1H NMR analyses to increase the accuracy of the measurements. The calculated limit of detection and limit of quantification of methanol with values of 0.076%(v/v) and 0.25%(v/v), respectively, were sufficiently low and allow the monitoring of methanol within the acceptable safety level. Moreover, the results of methanol and ethanol analysis using the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained from GC-FID analysis which is the conventional method for alcohol analysis. In contrast to GC-FID, the qNMR method for simultaneous alcohol analysis can provide results in a shorter period. The results of this study show the potential of the qNMR method to be used as an alternative analytical method which widens the range of analytical possibilities to detect methanol in lambanog samples for the safety of the consumers.

Database assessment of lateral strength of unreinforced masonry walls according to existing design provisions

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls, widely used in low-rise and heritage buildings, are highly vulnerable to seismic events. Current evaluation guidelines for assessing the lateral strength of URM walls predominantly rely on empirical or semi-empirical methods derived from calibrated datasets. Consequently, a comparative analysis of the reliability of these existing provisions is essential. In this study, a comprehensive database of 146 URM walls was compiled from 26 research groups and employed to evaluate the accuracy of established guidelines, including ASCE 41-17, NZSEE, Eurocode 6, and GB50003. The comparative analysis showed that ASCE 41-17 provided the most accurate predictions with acceptable safety levels, while NZSEE produced more conservative estimates and excelled in predicting diagonal shear failure modes. Eurocode 6 showed less conservative results under high compressive stress, compared to ASCE 41-17 and NZSEE. The GB50003 model based on Mohr-Coulomb theory showed the lowest accuracy and highest variability in shear strength predictions.

Comparison of Mobile Transaction Security Using NFC and QR Codes

Mobile device transactions have become commonplace today. Quick-response (QR) codes and near-field communication (NFC) are popular cashless and contactless payment methods. These two payments have their characteristics. NFC payments use secure elements that encrypt credential data to ensure safe transactions. In contrast, QR code payments transmit data in its original form without encryption. Existing data are sent between devices in the form of original data. Given the extensive adoption of these methods, it is imperative to secure transaction data to prevent theft and misuse. It is necessary to know and compare the security level of each transaction and provide the best recommendations. This study undertook a comparative analysis of the security and performance of NFC and QR code-based mobile payment models. The study found that NFC transactions required 1,074 ms for encryption, while QR code transactions took 5.9359 ms. The entropy value, indicating data randomness, was 3.96 for NFC and 3.23 for QR codes. The P value, representing statistical significance, was 0.45 for NFC and 0.069 for QR codes. Both payment methods demonstrated acceptable levels of safety, with processing times and data randomness within satisfactory ranges. However, the analysis concludes that NFC transactions offer superior performance in terms of processing time and data security compared to QR code transactions.

Conceptual Aspect of Measuring the Efficiency of Cargo Unmanned Aerial System

This article examines the conceptual framework for measuring the efficiency of unmanned systems, focusing on a task-oriented and problem-solving approach to evaluating the performance of cargo unmanned aerial vehicles. The efficiency of cargo unmanned aerial vehicles pertains to their ability to complete missions on time and cost-effectively, while maximizing utilization, minimizing resource loss, and maintaining an acceptable level of flight safety. It is important to highlight that the efficiency of cargo unmanned aerial vehicles is multifaceted, encompassing technical, operational, economic, environmental, and regulatory dimensions. Progress in each of these areas contributes to the successful deployment and optimization of cargo drones across various applications, from last-mile deliveries to supply chain operations in remote regions. The article presents two methodologies for assessing the efficiency of cargo drones.

Efficacy and safety of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC). Articles evaluating first-line PD-1/L1 inhibitors for mCRC were sought in four databases (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) from the inception of the databases until 11 November 2023. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the rates of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (trAEs). Totally nine studies were included for meta-analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed based on mismatch repair(MMR) status and regimens. In patients diagnosed with mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR) mCRC who received PD-1/L1 inhibitors as their first-line treatment, the ORR was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.39 to 0.68), the median PFS was 53.2 months, the Grade≥ 3 TRAEs rate was 0.33(95% CI, 0.12 to 0.60) and the median OS was not determined. For patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) mCRC who underwent a combined treatment of PD-1/L1 inhibitors, anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy as their first-line therapy, the ORR was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.68), the median PFS was 10.1 months, the median OS was 26.7 months, and the Grade≥ 3 TRAEs rate was 0.59(95% CI, 0.39 to 0.77). Our results revealed that the utilization of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for dMMR mCRC yielded highly favorable outcomes, while maintaining an acceptable level of safety. Administering a combination of PD-1/L1 inhibitors, anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, and chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with pMMR mCRC led to an improved ORR. However, there was no significant improvement in the long-term prognosis of the tumor. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024506196, identifier CRD42024506196.

Mass Spectrometric Study of the Most Common Potential Migrants Extractible from the Inner Coatings of Metallic Beverage Cans.

Population exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical- bisphenols, which are used commonly in food containers and drinking water pipes in Europe, is above acceptable health and safety levels, according to updated research data. In order to evaluate the most abundant potential migrants in canned sweetened beverages marketed in Poland, we performed the HPLC-MS screening test of the migrants present in the can coating material. The analyzed samples represented the three top-ranked companies of the global soft drink market; it is reasonable to assume that the obtained data are of global validity. The tested can coatings and beverages contained bisphenols conjugates such as five butoxyethanol (BuOEtOH) adducts with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), one butoxyethanol adduct with bisphenol A monoglycidyl ether (BAMGE), and cyclo-di-BADGE. The performed HPLC-MS/MS analysis in the MRM mode enabled evaluation of the concentrations of the detected conjugates in canned beverages which were found to be very low, namely at the level of 1 µg/L. On the other hand, the high consumption of canned beverages may yield a risk associated with the presence of these compounds in the diet. The subsequent HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS experiments allowed, for the first time, a detailed determination of the fragmentation pathways of the detected migrants as well as detection of the isomers of the two migrants, namely BADGE + BuOEtOH and BADGE + BuOEtOH + HCl.

The Safety Management System in Aviation Companies

This article presents the key elements of the functioning of the safety management system in an aviation organization. Enterprises must have safety-related issues in line with international and internal regulations. While striving to achieve an acceptable level of safety, enterprises develop safety indicators, the purpose of which is, among other things, to assess the effectiveness of the safety management system. In order to respond appropriately to an emerging threat, it is necessary to have a mechanism for efficiently assessing risks and their severity, thanks to which the units responsible will be able to develop a plan for necessary actions to weaken or completely eliminate the threat.

Reliability-Based Seismic Safety Assessment of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Brasília

Recent destructive earthquakes in Turkey (2023) with devastating effects have reawakened the discussion about seismic activity in Brazil and the vulnerability of the Brazilian buildings. Despite the lower magnitudes, national records should not be disregarded, as earthquakes with a magnitude below five may still cause loss of life and property damage. The assessment of existing RC buildings allows us to understand the performance of a structure during an earthquake and the adoption of mitigating measures. This paper preliminarily investigates the seismic vulnerability of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Brasilia, which was recognized as a World Heritage Site by ONU in 1987. The Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) procedure has been adopted for qualitative vulnerability assessment through the guidelines of the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association at the procedure updated in accordance with the Brazilian reality. This research examined the structure under horizontal acceleration defined by national seismic code, and various scenarios are assumed as time aging, structural irregularities, and the level of importance of the structure. In this study, the Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to evaluate the level of safety. A performed analysis has shown that the examined building possesses the seismic capacity required against the expected earthquake motions. Even with reliability analysis, the structure achieves an acceptable level of safety. The results highlight the importance of a probabilistic approach to make reliable decisions on the conservation and rehabilitation of architectural heritage buildings.