Acari Research Articles

Abstract Background Noninvasive respiratory support has reduced the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). This may reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. There are many different forms of noninvasive respiratory support which include nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) and High velocity nasal insufflation (HVNI). Little is known about the hemodynamic changes that occur during NIV, particularly during the weaning phase when lung compliance has improved. Aim of the Work To evaluate the outcome of NHFOV and Hi-VNI Vapotherm in comparison to nasal CPAP as a post extubation noninvasive respiratory support in preterm neonates. 2ry aim is to assess hemodynamic changes during periods of non-invasive respiratory support including echocardiographic, cerebral blood flow and mesenteric blood flow changes. Study Design This was a randomized control prospective study at Ain Shams Children Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. conducted on 61 mechanically ventilated preterm neonates 32-36 weeks gestational age with RDS, who were on invasive ventilatory support then extubated to non-invasive mode: Group A, 21 preterm neonates extubated on NCPAP. Group B, 20 preterm neonates extubated on NHFOV and Group C, 20 preterm extubated on Hi-VNI Vapotherm. The Three groups were studied for the need for re-intubation within the first 24 hours after extubation, length of hospital stay and duration of non- invasive ventilation (NIV), Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), air leak syndromes, Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), nasal trauma, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality. Also assessing hemodynamic changes during and after weaning of non-invasive respiratory support including echocardiography, Anterior cerebral artery resistive index (ACA) RI, Middle cerebral arteries resistive index (MCA) RI, and superior mesenteric artery resistive index (SMA) RI. Results PaCO2 was unchanged from preextubation levels after weaning in the NCPAP and NHFOV but increased significantly after weaning from vapotherm. NCPAP had the shortest length of hospital stay median (IQR) 18 while the NHFOV has the longest duration of hospital stay median (IQR) 28. NHFOV had the least failure rate10% while post extubation to Vapotherm had the highest failure rate 40%, yet this did not reach statistical significance. Significant association found between failure on vapotherm and birth weight less than or equal to 1.75 kg with OR (95% CI) of 77.00 (4.114 – 1441.049) and with p-value = 0.004. A significant higher incidence of mortality was found in vapotherm failed group as compared to the succeed group (75% vs. 0%, p = 0.03). There was significantly higher nasal trauma among NHFOV group compared to the NCPAP and Vapotherm groups (P = 0.001). NHFOV had the least mortality rate 0% while post extubation to Vapotherm had the highest mortality rate 30%, yet this did not reach statistical significance. NCPAP had the least incidence of sepsis while the vapotherm had the highest incidence (P = 0.02). No significant difference between the 3 modes of noninvasive respiratory support in the occurrence of comorbidities as NEC, IVH, ROP and BPD. By Doppler echocardiography, NHFOV showed that both RVO, SVC flow significantly increased after weaning. ACA RI significantly increased after weaning from NHFOV. Also, it showed significant increase in RVO after weaning vapotherm with no significant effect on cerebral blood flow. NCPAP didn’t have significant effect on systemic & pulmonary venous return by Doppler echocardiography. Although it showed that both ACA and MCA RI significantly increased after weaning. Conclusion Overall, these findings suggest that NHFOV may be a favorable option for respiratory support in preterm infants following extubation, as it was associated with better outcomes compared to NCPAP and Vapotherm. However, further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of each mode of noninvasive respiratory support in this population. Infants in the Hi-VNI Technology group had significantly lower nasal trauma scores than those in the NCPAP and NHFOV groups with increased failure rate in preterm infants with a birth weight less than or equal to 1.75 kgs.

Contribution to the knowledge of the water mite (Acari: Hydrachnidia) fauna of Croatia - New data and records from a permanent pool in the Dinaric karst region

ABSTRACT Alloeuzercon seemani Sun, Jin & Yi gen. & sp. nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Celaenopsoidea: Euzerconidae) associated with passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) is described, representing the first record of the family Euzerconidae from China. The new genus bears a close resemblance to the genera Euzerconoides and Paraeuzercon, prompting us to update the key to genera. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E5746EB1-E1F0-47EB-8494-29829E179E87 http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8A916B0-6924-4FC7-91E8-5CAF45213421 http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5506EAA1-30AB-4104-9FE0-38E0EDBD6D79

Many new records are presented of rare water mites from New Zealand. Three new genera are described, i.e. Moanabates n. gen. (Hygrobatidae), Asperaturus n. gen. and Minyaturus n. gen. (Aturidae: Notoaturinae), and ten new species, i.e. Limnesia moanaensis n. sp., L. pseudozelandica n. sp., L. quinqueglandulosa n. sp., Zelandobates tongariro n. sp., Z. occidentalis n. sp., Moanabates moanaensis n. sp., Asperaturus petiolatus n. sp., Minyaturus minutulus n. sp., Paratryssaturus montanus n. sp. and Penemideopsis novaezelandica n. sp. Australiobates lacustris Smit, 1996 is synonymized with Australiobates setipalpis Cook, 1983. The male is for the first time described for Limnesia auspexa Cook, 1983, Apeltosperchon zelandicus Cook, 1983, Australiobates solomis Cook, 1983, Kritaturus vinnulus Cook, 1983 and Taintaturus longipileatus Smit, 2017, the female is for the first time described for Schwoerbelaturus aturoides (Schwoerbel, 1984).

As discussões e as críticas gestadas no Instituto Politécnico sobre a seca de 1877 no Nordeste, e de forma específica, acerca da influência climática a partir da construção de grandes reservatórios tiveram grandes ressonâncias até a metade do século XX. Para dar conta dessas inquietações e seus desdobramentos, a análise recorre à História Ambiental, tendo como fonte documental os artigos e livros de atores envolvidos no debate e os relatórios técnicos governamentais. As revelações acerca das teorias surgidas no século XIX, que se mantiveram na centúria seguinte, argumentaram e legitimaram propostas e edificações de barragens, como o Gargalheiras, em Acari/RN.

A rotulagem nutricional dos alimentos é toda e qualquer informação contida nas embalagens referente ao produto que está sendo exposto das prateleiras dos supermercados, com a finalidade de informar os consumidores a cerca do produto. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a rotulagem de diferentes marcas de leite em pó, comercializados na cidade de Acari, Rio grande do Norte. A pesquisa de campo, do tipo transversal com caráter quantitativo foi realizado por meio da aplicação de Check list especifico para rotulagem de alimentos, tendo como base as legislações vigentes. As amostras analisadas foram selecionadas de forma aleatória em supermercados de grande e de pequeno porte na cidade de Acari­ – RN e identificadas de forma sigilosa pela as letras A, B, C, D e E, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos das diferentes marcas do leite em pó integral comercializados na cidade de Acari­ – RN apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, estando em total conformidade com as legislações vigentes. Tal comportamento tem total relação com as políticas de qualidade adotadas pela as empresas, como também a presença da fiscalização pelo os órgãos competentes do setor agropecuário brasileiro.

Mites of the family Athyreacaridae are recorded from Asia for the first time. Two new species of Athyreacarus are described, A. indicus sp. nov., collected on the beetles Bolbohamatum laevicolle and B. marginale in India, and A. brevisetosus sp. nov., collected on a beetle Bolboceras sp. in Sri Lanka. An updated key to species of the genus Athyreacarus is provided.

The generic diagnosis of Bursaustium Haitlinger, 2000 is modified and Bursaustium zabolensis Noei sp. nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) collected from soil samples (off host) under tamarisk trees in Zabol city, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, is described. It is the third known species of the genus and second species of this genus from Iran. A key to species of Bursaustium (larva) is also provided.

Herein, historical collection of ticks (Acari: Argasidae) , which were collected by E. Pavlovsky of parasitological expeditions to Central Asia (1934-1955), are reported.

A molecular characterization based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene was used to genotype central-southern Iranian populations of Varroa destructor for the first time. A 570 bp segement was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction and digested with two restriction enzymes. Digestion of PCR products with XhoI produced fragments of 300 and 270 bp in all samples, whereas digestion with SacI did not produce any digested fragments. Results suggest that all samples belong to the K haplotype previously described for V. destructor in the literature. A total of 22 sequences of Iranian samples (418bp) were registered for the first time in NCBI.

New record of two feather mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) isolated from Actitis hypoleucos in South Korea

Lassenia hemsinensis Noei, Saboori & Cobanoglu sp. nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tanaupodidae) collected from Hemsin, Rize, Turkey, on Rumex sp. (Polygonaceae) (off host) is described. A key to the species of Lassenia (larva) of the world is also provided.

In the present study, occurrence of Hyalomma asiaticum on wild rodents was explored. Rodents were trapped using Sherman traps. The tick specimens were collected by forceps from the rodents. Overall, one larva and 59 nymphs of immature ticks were collected on 23 Meriones persicus from three different locations in western Iran. A 408 bp length fragment of nuclear 5.8S /internal transcribed spacer 2 ( ITS2 ) genes was amplified in 60 examined tick specimens using PCR, of which one sample was sequenced, successfully. The BLAST results showed 99% similarity between a new haplotype from this study and two sequences of H. asiaticum from GenBank and. Therefore, we conclude that immature stages of H. asiaticum live on M. persicus and/ or their burrows. This finding helps us to better understand tick's ecology and control tick borne diseases.

A survey was carried out to investigate heterostigmatic mites associated with insects in Borujerd, Lorestan province, western Iran, in 2016. Insects were captured using light traps in the areas. Two species of the family Neopygmephoridae including Allopygmephorus spinisetus Khaustov & Sazhnev, 2016 and A . punctatus Khaustov & Sazhnev, 2016 were identified associated with beetles Drasterius bimaculatus (Rossi, 1790) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and Augyles sp. (Col.: Heteroceridae). Both species are new records for mite fauna of Iran with the former being also new for Asia. Moreover, the association between mites of Allopygmephorus and elaterid beetles is new. A list of Iranian neopygmephorid mites is also provided.

A new species of the genus Zercon (Acari: Mesostigmata: Zerconidae) Zercon shevtchenkoi n. sp. from the island Kryhlyk, Ukraine is described and illustrated. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species based on adults of both sexes, protonymphs and larva are provided.

Citrus red mite (CRM), Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the important citrus pests in different parts of the world including northern Iran. Population fluctuation and spatial distribution pattern of this pest was studied in Ghaemshahr, northern Iran during 2016–2017 in different initial infestation treatments (paired-treatment and multiple-treatment experiments) that had been designed for crop loss assessment caused by CRM. Taylor's Power Law and Iwao's Patchiness Regression methods were used to determine the spatial distribution pattern of CRM. The results showed that the highest population density of the pest was during summer of 2016 and 2017 with an average of 127.3 and 91.15 CRM per leaf, respectively, and the population declined in the fall with an average of near zero mites per leaf. The spatial distribution pattern of CRM in both years and both methods was aggregated with an exception in which it was random. It could be concluded that initial infestion with different densities of the pest affected the population fluctuation of the pest during the growing season and somewhat the spatial distribution pattern of CRM.

A new species of the genus Eustigmaeus (Acari: Stigmaeidae), E. vietnamiensis sp. nov. is described from the bark of fig tree ( Ficus sp.) in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. The mite family Stigmaeidae is recorded from Vietnam for the first time.

There are 21 genera in the family Neopygmephoridae (Acari: Heterostigmata: Pygmephoroidea) (Khaustov and Mandelshtam 2017) in which many of them are associated with various arthropods including Chilopods, spiders, bees, ants, beetles and termites (Khaustov 2017). One of the neopygmephorid genera is Parapygmephorus encompassing eight species, associated with bees of the families Halictidae, Apidae, Colletidae and Megachilidae, and in one case on a spider wasp, Pompilidae (Fan et al . 2014). These phoretic mites feed on fungi in the nests of their bee hosts and are clinging them by a large and strong single claw on their first tibiotarsus (Cross 1965). During a sampling of bees and their associate mites in Iran, the mite Parapygmephorus crossi Mahunka, 1974 (Figures 1A and 1B) recovered from Halictus ( Halictus ) resurgens Nurse, 1903 (Halictidae) (Figure 1C and 1D) in city park (Park Jangali) close to Yasouj, capital of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province (Southwestern Iran) on 7 Septamber 2014. Twelve specimens of phoretic mites were found attaching to body hairs of a bee host. The materials are deposited in the Acarological Collection, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Mite Parapygmephorus crossi was collected and described for the first time on Halictus holtzi (Schultz) from Afghanistan (Mahunka 1974) characterized by setae ps 1 longer than ps 2 and setae ps 3 distinctly shorter than ps 2 . So, it is first record of this species in Iran and second record in the world including Palaearctic. Previously, three other species of the Parapygmephorus were collected from Iran: P . khorasanicus Hajiqanbar and Khaustov, 2011 on Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius); P . delyorum Mahunka, 1980 on an unidentified halictid bee; and P . magnisetosus Khaustov and Zaloznaya, 2011 on Amigella sp. and Eucera sp. (Apidae), Halictus spp. and Lasioglossum sp. (Halictidae), and Lithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe, 1834 (Megachilidae) (Hajiqanbar et al. 2011a; Hajiqanbar et al. 2011b; Hajiqanbar and Rakhshani 2011; Loghmani et al . 2014; Sobhi et al . 2017).

Two-spotted spider mite, Teranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychide), is one of the most important agricultural pests throughout the world. The high reproductive potential, short life cycle, combined with frequent acaricide applications has resulted in resistance development to a wide range of acaricides. Resistance to acaricides has an important role in inefficiency of chemical control of this pest. In the present study, the susceptibility of two populations of two-spotted spider mite collected from Karaj (KrS) and Mahallat (MhR) to spirodiclofen was investigated. The bioassay was conducted using a leaf-dip method on same-age protonymphs. Bioassay results showed that there was a significant difference between LC 50 values of KrS and MhR populations. The resistance ratio was obtained as 22.19. The synergistic effects of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) were assessed using residual contact vial (RCV) bioassay method. Results of the synergistic studies showed significant differences between LC 50 values of spirodiclofen with spirodiclofen + PBO and spirodiclofen + TPP in MhR population. The most synergistic effect in MhR population was related to PBO. The results of enzyme assays revealed that the most ratio activity in MhR population to KrS population was related to cytochrome P450 monoxygenase (3.02) and the lowest ratio activity was related to glutathione S-transferase (GST) (1.40). These results confirmed that esterase and cytochrome P450 monoxygenase are probably involved in resistance of T. urticae to spirodiclofen.

The following fifteen new species are described of the water mite family Aturidae from Australia: Austraturus cavatus n. sp., A. denticulatus n. sp., A. dilatipalpis n. sp., A. extendens n. sp., A. sagittalis n. sp., A. triprojectus n. sp., A. villosus n. sp. and Axonopsella bipartita n. sp., A. carnarvon n. sp., A. curtiseta n. sp., A. elongata n. sp., A. kakadu n. sp., A. magniseta n. sp., A. purpurea n. sp. and A. rosea n. sp.. New records are given for Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, Northern Territory and Western Australia. New distributional records are provided for many species.