European Academies Research Articles

Enhancing equity, diversity and inclusion in the European Union military schools and academies through collaborative initiatives and gender policy reform

AbstractThe European Union Military Schools and Academies (EUMSAs) have long grappled with persistent gender imbalances among their student body, indicative of an entrenched male‐centric culture within these institutions. In recognition of this issue, the collaborative Military Gender Studies initiative was launched under the auspices of the Erasmus+ program. This project involved partners from Bulgaria, Italy, Portugal and Romania, each offering unique insights shaped by their diverse socio‐political contexts. This research aims to go beyond mere acknowledgment of disparities and instead seeks to identify actionable strategies that can foster genuine equity, diversity and inclusivity within the EUMSAs. To this end, a comprehensive data‐gathering approach was employed, incorporating various qualitative methods including face‐to‐face interviews, face‐to‐face focus groups, direct observations and analysis of official documentation sourced from the referred EUMSAs. The resulting insights highlight the need for substantial improvements in institutional gender policies. Particularly, while efforts have been made to instill gender sensitivity within fitness assessments, their impact has been disappointingly limited. Furthermore, the practice of assigning military roles based solely on gender has been found to undermine both effectiveness and fairness within the schools/academies. Conversely, an encouraging sentiment pervades among the student body, advocating for a curriculum that incorporates gender‐related subjects into the EUMSA educational framework (curriculum). This suggests a growing recognition of the importance of addressing gender issues not only in policy but also in practice, signalling a promising shift towards a more inclusive and equitable environment within the EUMSAs.

Stefan R. Bornstein: Stress, diabetes, and depression

Professor Stefan Bornstein currently serves as the Chair of Medicine at the University of Dresden, Germany and Transcampus Dean at King's College London, UK. His extensive experience in the United States and Europe has equipped him with unparalleled expertise, particularly in diabetes and endocrinology. Professor Bornstein has authored over 700 publications, garnering more than 100,000 citations with an impressive h-index above 120. His work is frequently featured in journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine, Nature, and Science. Professor Bornstein's contributions extend beyond academia into influential leadership roles, such as founding the first European Transcampus between King's College and the University of Dresden and initiating the German Australian Institute of Translational Medicine. His achievements have earned him numerous awards, including the Order of Merit of Germany (Bundesverdienstkreuz 1. Class), the highest state distinction in Germany, the Medal of Honour of the University of Dresden, and membership in both the European and German Academies of Sciences. In 2023 Professor Stefan Bornstein became a member of the Freedom of the City of London, in recogntion of both his individual contributions and the success of the TransCampus project. Honorary citizenship of London has existed since the 13th century and originally enabled recipients, who were also required to join a Livery company, to carry out their trade in London. Whilst this practical element no longer applies, the City of London has maintained the Freedom as a living tradition. These accolades reflect his exceptional contributions to medical science and education. We are privileged to share Professor Bornstein's answers to the Genomic Press Interview with our readers.

The role of innovative educational technologies in the training of specialists in the field of culture and arts: European experience

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of innovative educational technologies in the training of specialists in the field of culture and arts based on the study of the European experience. To achieve this goal, the methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, specification, and comparison were used. The results consider the theoretical foundations of the use of innovative technologies in modern education. In the realm of culture and arts, it holds a pivotal role in training specialists. By drawing insights from the European experience, it becomes evident that cutting-edge learning approaches are founded on embracing novel ideas and a continual reevaluation of values. Also, it is crucial to consider its broad accessibility and ongoing nature. It is shown that education in European art universities and academies actively employs collective, modular, integrative, and developmental methods. In the modern practice of art education, the application of new and effective methods is of utmost importance to foster the creative and personal growth of aspiring professionals in the cultural and artistic fields. Among these methods, particular attention is given to students' project activities, which synergize successfully with digital technologies and distance learning. The novelty of the work is the author's own structure of innovative education. The conclusions determine that the main function of modern education is human development, so students in modern circumstances should focus on the possibilities of self-learning and the use of digital technologies (current trends in the field of culture and arts).

Образ героя в сучасному українському кінематографі. Інтерв'ю з Дмитром Сухолитким-Собчуком

His feature film debut was Pamphyr (2022), which had its world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival. The film was nominated for the EFA Prize for Best First Feature and won more than 30 awards at over 70 festivals. His short films have been selected for the most prestigious festivals, including Sundance Film Festival, DOC NYC, IDFA, Toronto International Film Festival, Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival, Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films and others. He is a member of the Ukrainian (since 2017) and European (since 2018) film academies, the founder and organiser of the Terrarium screenwriting platform.

How lovely, how fresh were the roses

The author - doctor of historical sciences, an honorary member of Academia Europaea and the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain and Ireland - shares his autobiographical recollections about the life and career in Soviet/Russian anthropological academia, research and fieldwork, colleagues and friends, work for the journal “Sovetskaia etnografiia” (currently, “Etnograficheskoe obozrenie”), as well as the vicissitudes of academic life at the Institute of Ethnography (currently, the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences).

Functional MRI for Acute Covert Consciousness: Emerging Data and Implementation Case Series.

Although research studies have begun to demonstrate relationships between disorders of consciousness and brain network biomarkers, there are limited data on the practical aspects of obtaining such network biomarkers to potentially guide care. As the state of knowledge continues to evolve, guidelines from professional societies such as the American and European Academies of Neurology and many experts have advocated that the risk-benefit ratio for the assessment of network biomarkers has begun to favor their application toward potentially detecting covert consciousness. Given the lack of detailed operationalization guidance and the context of the ethical implications, herein we offer a roadmap based on local institutional experience with the implementation of functional MRI in the neonatal, pediatric, and adult intensive care units of our local government-supported health system. We provide a case-based demonstrative approach intended to review the current literature and to assist with the initiation of such services at other facilities.

Academia Europaea The Academy of Europe The Academia Europaea is pleased to award an Erasmus Medal to the internationally renowned economics scholar Professor Philippe Aghion MAE

Academia Europaea The Academy of Europe The Academia Europaea is pleased to award an Erasmus Medal to the internationally renowned economics scholar Professor Philippe Aghion MAE

Academia Europaea The Academy of Europe Presentation of an Academia Europaea Gold Award, on 27 October 2022, Barcelona, to Professor Dr Sierd Cloetingh

Academia Europaea The Academy of Europe Presentation of an Academia Europaea Gold Award, on 27 October 2022, Barcelona, to Professor Dr Sierd Cloetingh

Barcelona City Council in collaboration with Academia Europaea Presentation of the Hypatia European Science Prize, on 27 October 2022, in the Saló de Cent of Barcelona City Hall, to Professor Nancy Cartwright

Barcelona City Council in collaboration with Academia Europaea Presentation of the Hypatia European Science Prize, on 27 October 2022, in the Saló de Cent of Barcelona City Hall, to Professor Nancy Cartwright

GOLD MEDAL LECTURE GIVEN AT THE ACADEMIA EUROPAEA BUILDING BRIDGES CONFERENCE 2022

The quantitative understanding of processes operating in the earth system has advanced significantly over the last few decades. This has led to the realization that a close interaction between deep earth and surface processes is a key element in earth dynamics and its impact on geo-environment, geo-energy, geo-resources and geo-hazards in general. The European continent and its ocean-continent margins provide an excellent natural laboratory to examine the impact of geodynamics and climate on topography at the earth’s surface. The overview presented here demonstrates the need for a further understanding of the earth system across space and timescales. Cross-border scientific cooperation on a full pan-European scale, benefiting from funding opportunities offered by the European Commission and a pro-active role in bottom-up self-organization involving members of the Earth and Cosmic Sciences section of Academia Europaea, is needed more than ever.

Towards an Inclusive and Representative Academic Landscape

This article is a summary of a panel discussion entitled ‘Towards an inclusive and representative academic landscape’, held at the Building Bridges Meeting of Academia Europaea and the Young Academy of Europe on 26 October 2022. The panellists were Professor Yvonne Galligan, director of Equality, Diversity and Inclusion and Professor of Comparative Politics at the Technological University Dublin, Dr Katalin Solymosi, plant biologist, assistant professor at Eötvös Loránd University and vice-chair of the Young Academy of Europe, and Professor Stephen Curry, Assistant Provost for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion and Professor of Structural Biology at Imperial College London. Dr Linn Leppert, Associate Professor of Computational Chemical Physics and board member of the Young Academy of Europe chaired the discussion.

Reflections on the Regenerative Agriculture Report: Bioeconomical balances and the potential of biotechnology

The policy report published by the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) introduces a new concept, ‘Regenerative Agriculture’, but but does not provide an exact definition for the term. The roots of the ideological concept lie in the French Enlightenment period, when food supplies of local communities were not a real concern. Nowadays, agriculture struggles to keep up with the population explosion. The EASAC position paper sets ecological farming and large-scale agriculture against each other despite the fact that their common aim is to supply the world population with high quality food and industrial raw materials. The comments in the present paper aim to provide a more nuanced approach to some of the ideas discussed in the EASAC report, with special emphasis on the fact that, although the report formulates noble aims, it does not present concrete suggestions on how they could be achieved economically.

ASPECTS OF TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Training of sports reserve for professional football has always attracted much attention. This is evidenced by a significant number of studies devoted to this issue, within which experts in professional children's and youth football emphasize the lack of necessary engagement in elite sport young athletes, well-prepared in terms of technical and tactical skills. One of adequate responses in the considered aspect is further improvement of efficient training of a prospective competitive sports reserve based on intensified improvement of quality of scientific and methodical support during training process. The aim of the research work is to substantiate scientific approaches to formation of a step-by-step management system within the long-term process of developing football players’ technical and tactical skills. We have carried out the analysis of program documents, literature sources and practical activities of children's coaches in the process of implementing long-term training programs for young football players in leading European football academies and national federations. A number of fundamental and systemic differences between traditional and progressive approaches to arrangement of educational and training process have been shown. It has been determined that the existing “organized” football, the system of conducting children's and youth competitions, as well as pedagogical approaches to training young talents, are aimed at speeding up training process, achieving instant results, team-group form of conducting classes, which do not contribute to individual development and training of a smart player, capable of creatively approaching the solution of tactical and technical tasks. We have substantiated approaches to making changes in the practice of long-term training for young football players based on application of situational game method, which is a key point for effective training, development of individual capabilities and formation of game intelligence. A strategy for managing training process has been determined based on the introduction of a phased (gradual) system of tactical and technical training for young football players, which will further determine player's potential at professional level. We have indicated the necessity of making changes to pedagogical approaches of managing sports activities for young football players and evaluating the effectiveness of children's coaches’ work.

Guest Editorial: Solar Energy Utilization

Guest Editorial: Solar Energy Utilization

Guest Editorial: Learning, optimisation and control of cyber‐physical systems

Guest Editorial: Learning, optimisation and control of cyber‐physical systems

Nursing care and models of care in relation to older people in long-term care contexts: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionWhat nurses do and how they do it can influence older people’s experiences of the quality of long-term care. In addition, a clear role definition for nurses supports them in...

Academia Europaea The Academy of Europe Presentation of the Academia Europaea 2020 Gold Award, Wednesday 20 October 2021, Barcelona, to Professor Ole H Petersen CBE MAE ML FRS

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A Comprehensive Review of the Properties, Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Generations of Biodiesel

Due to the increasing air pollution from diesel engines and the shortage of conventional fossil fuels, many experimental and numerical types of research have been carried out and published in the literature over the past few decades to find a new, sustainable, and alternative fuels. Biodiesel is an appropriate alternate solution for diesel engines because it is renewable, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. According to the European Academies Science Advisory Council, biodiesel evolution is broadly classified into four generations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the production, properties, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engines using different generations of biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace fossil-based diesel and summarizes the primary feedstocks and properties of different generations of biodiesel compared with diesel. The general impression is that the use of different generations of biodiesel decreased 30% CO, 50% HC, and 70% smoke emissions compared with diesel. Engine performance is slightly decreased by an average of 3.13%, 89.56%, and 11.98% for higher density, viscosity, and cetane, respectively, while having a 7.96% lower heating value compared with diesel. A certain ratio of biodiesel as fuel instead of fossil diesel combined with advanced after-treatment technology is the main trend of future diesel engine development.

Les femmes économistes: the place of women in the physiocratic community

This article discusses the participation of women in the development of eighteenth-century French political economy and, more specifically, their role in the network of a prominent group of French economic authors of this period, known as the physiocrats. Our argument is that women played a significant, if seldom visible, role in the creation and dissemination of the ‘new science’ of physiocratic political economy. First, they acted as cultural mediators of the science nouvelle . It explains why the major physiocrats created a model of scientific institution that mixed academic life with salon sociability, and that was therefore open to women unlike the main European academies of the period. Second, we underline the importance of the domestic sphere in the making of physiocratic political economy. The case study of Marie Le Dée, the spouse of a prominent physiocrat, informed us on the invisible though important agency of women in the production of physiocratic knowledge.

Schoolmasters of Karcag and Kisújszállás at Western European Universities and Academies Between the 17th and 19th Century

The aim of our paper is to discuss the significance of particle schools of Karcag and Kisújszállás in 18–19th century education history. Greater Cumania, the region that both towns are within, was almost 100% Calvinist since the Reformation, therefore, examining the influence of Calvinism on the region’s education is crucial. Our purpose is to introduce the schoolmaster’s office, the financial basis, and circumstances of going to Western European universities in the 18–19th centuries, since the schoolmasters of these two towns have not been investigated yet. Our research is based on primary (archival) sources, mainly Hungarian Reformed districtual, diocesan, and congregational documents, canonical visitation records, and protocols. Our paper also provides a detailed prosopography database of the schoolmasters of Karcag and Kisújszállás.