Absolute Value Operation Research Articles

An architecture of real‐time video signal processing LSI‐picot

AbstractA real‐time video signal processing LSI‐Picot has been developed which processes dynamic images at video rate. Picot has an architecture which is suited to the image and video signal processing. By employing several internal buses and a new program control scheme, all operations are performed in one cycle 70 ns (=1/14.3 MHz). It has functions of not only addition, subtraction, and multiplication but also the maximum, minimum and absolute value operations, which are indispensable to image processing. Its dedicated addressing units can concurrently perform the memory write/read and operation with a data memory of up to 16 Mw connected, and it can cope with a large‐size static image exceeding that of HDTV. Picot is constructed using 1.5 μm CMOS gate array technology and a 30,000‐gate circuit integrated on a 14.95 mm × 14.95 mm chip, to be implemented on a 223‐pin PGA. It operates on a 5‐V single power supply with the power consumption of approximately 1 W.

An instability indicator for expert control

An instability indicator is proposed for use in supervisory/expert control systems. The indicator-which consists of a trend indicator, a rectifier, and a smoother-observes the plant output. The trend indicator generates the difference between two time averages of different final horizons and is implemented as a pair of discrete moving-average or first-order exponential filters. The rectifier is an absolute value or square operation, while the smoother is a moving-average or exponential filter, with a longer horizon/time constant. The instability alarm is triggered on the basis of the amplitude of the indicator output.

Newly constructed spatial circumference electrocardiograph.

Spatial circumference electrocardiograph which could compute the length of the spatial circumference of each vectorcardiographic loop and record the pattern of the increment of the vectorcardiographic are very easily and accurately on the bed side was constructed. CR differentiating circuits with three sets of the different time constant were used for the differentiations. Vector sum circuits applying absolute value operations reported by Imai and Nguyen Phuoc (1972) were used in this apparatus and the simplification of the consitution of the circuits and the excellent results were obtained. Examples of the spatial circumference ECG recorded in a normal subject and some pathologic conditions were demonstrated.