Absence Of Liver Research Articles

Exomphalos and gastroschisis: a 10-year review.

Ninety-six cases of exomphalos or gastroschisis managed at The children's Hospital, Sheffield, during the period 1964-74 are analysed. There were 306 cases with minor lesions, 30 with major lesions, 27 with a ruptured exomphalos and only 3 with gastroschisis. The overall mortality rate was 46-9 percent. Survival could be closely correlated with the birth weight, the nature of the primary lesion, the presence or absence of liver within the sac and the presence and severity of associated congenital anomalies. A "scoring system" based on these criteria is proposed to predict the prognosis of an infant with an exomphalos.

A Biochemical and Pathological Study of Kidney Diseases in Slaughtered Pigs

This communication reports observations on proteinuria in pigs and attempts to assess the value of urinary protein detection as an aid in the routine diagnosis of kidney disease. In urine samples from 90 slaughtered pigs, selected as showing no signs of disease in organs other than the liver and kidney, 24-5 per cent had casts, 66-7 per cent protein, and 24-5 per cent oxalate crystals. Histo-pathological examination revealed that 20 of the pigs had liver and kidney lesions, and that 33 had kidney lesions alone. Oxalate crystals and proteinuria were concurrent findings in the urines of nephritic animals, and high levels of urinary oxalate were associated with proteinuria, even in the absence of kidney damage. Prior identification of proteinuria at levels of > 10 mg/100 ml would have resulted in the detection of kidney dysfunction in about half of the animals in which there was histological evidence of kidney damage. Serum urea and total serum protein levels were largely unrelated to the presence or absence of liver or kidney damage. Cette communication rapporte des observations concernant la proteinurie des pores et essaie de définir la valeur des proteines urinaires détectées afin de faciliter le diagnostic de routine de la maladie rénale. Dans les échantillons urinaires de 90 pores abattus, choisis de telle sorte qu’ils ne montraient aucun signe d’atteinte organique autre qu’hépatique et rénale, 24·5 pour cent contenaient des calculs, 66·7 pour cent des proteines, et 24·5 pour cent des cristaux d’oxalate. Un examen histopathologique mit en évidence que 20 des pores étaient porteurs de lésions hépatiques et rénales, que 33 des lésions rénales seules. Les cristaux d’oxalate et la proteinurie furent simultanément trouvés dans les urines des animaux rénaux, et des niveaux élevés d’oxalate urinaire étaient associés à une proteinurie, même en l’absence d’atteinte rénale. L’identification antérieure d’une proteinurie à des taux de 10 mg/100 ml aurait résultée de la détection d’un dysfonctionnement rénal chez la moitié environ des animaux chez lesquels des lésions rénales histologiques avaient été mises en évidence. Les taux d’urée sanguine et de proteines plasmatiques n’avaient aucune relation avec l’existence ou l’absence d’atteinte hépatique ou rénale. Berichte über im Urin von Schweinen gefundenes Protëin und über Versuche, den Wert solcher Protëinbefunde im Harn für die Routinediagnose von Nierenerkrankungen zu beurteilen. Urinproben wurden von 90 geschlachteten Schweinen genommen, die keine organischen Erkrankungen ausser solchen der Leber und Nieren zeigten. Bei 24,5 Prozent wurden Zylinder gefunden, bei 66,7 Prozent Protein, bei 24,5 Prozent Oxalatkristalle. Histologische Untersuchung zeigte, dass 20 Schweine Leber-und Nierenaffektionen und 33 Nierenerkrankungen ohne andere Affektionen hatten. Oxalatkristalle und Protëin-befunde im Urin wurden bei den Tieren mit Nephritis beobachtet; aber sogar ohne Nierenschädigung wurden grosse Quantitäten von Oxalaten als Begleiterscheinung der Protëinausscheidung gefunden. Frühere Entdeckung von Protëinausscheidung im Urin in Mengen von 10 mg pro 100 ccm hätte zur Entdeckung einer Nierenschädigung gefuhrt: bei etwa der Hälfte der Tiere, bei denen sie dann histologisch festgestellt wurde. Ureakonzentration im Serum und Gesamtkonzentration von Serumprotëin zeigten im grossen ganzen keinen Zusammenhang mit dem Vorhandensein oder Nichtvorhandensein einer Leber-oder Nierenschädigung. Esta comunicación presenta las observaciones realizadas sobre la presencia de proteinuria en cerdos e intenta establecer el valor de la detección de proteinas urinasias como forma auxiliar en el diagnóstico rutinario de enfermedades renales. En las muestras de orina procedente de 90 cerdos sacrificados seleccionados de forma que no mostraban signos de enfermedades orgánicas otras que del hfgado y riñón, el 24,5 por ciento presentaban depósitos, 66,7 por ciento contenlan proteínas y el 24,5 por ciento mostraron cristales de oxalato. El exámen histopatológico reveló que 20 de dichos cerdos padecían enfermedades hepáticas y renales, y que 33 mostraban lesiones renales solamente. Los cristales de oxalato y la proteinuria fueron hallazgos concomitantes en la orina de los animales con nefritis y altos niveles de oxalatos urinarios se vieron asociados con proteinuria, incluso en ausencia de lesiones renales. La identificación anterior de proteinuria a niveles de 10 mg/100 ml habría resultado en la detección de disfunción renal en aproximadamente la mitad de los animales en los que se observó evidencia histológica de lesión renal. Los niveles séricos de urea y de proteinas plasmáticas en la mayoría de los casos no se mostraron relacionados con la presencia o ausencia de lesiones hepáticas o renales.

Retinal changes in glycogen storage disease type I.

GLYCOGEN storage disease (GSD), Type 1 or Von Gierke's disease is a hereditary disease associated with very low to absent activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver, kidney, and small intestine, 1 and the accumulation of glycogen in these tissues. Clinically, the disease is characterized by short stature, massive hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and hyperlipidemia. This report presents retinal changes not previously described in patients with GSD, Type 1. Materials Five patients (case 1, 20-year-old man; case 2, 17-year-old girl; case 3, 14-year-old girl; case 4, 13-year-old boy; and case 5, 12-year-old boy) with clinical findings of GSD, Type 1 who met the following biochemical criteria were studied: no increase in the blood glucose concentration in response to glucagon (0.1 cc/kg) or galactose (1.75 mg/kg); elevated serum lactic acid levels and/or absence of liver glucose-6-phosphatase. Case 1 and case 3 are siblings. Results Ophthalmoscopic examination of cases 2, 3,

Plasma phospholipide synthesis in the eviscerated rabbit.

SummaryIn the rabbit, plasma phospholipide synthesis continued at a reduced rate in absence of liver, intestine and spleen. Removal of kidney further reduced plasma phospholipide synthesis. The rate of synthesis of kidney, lung or muscle phospholipides from phosphate precursors does not appear to be altered by evisceration.

Acetylphosphatase in Animal Tissues

IN the course of experiments on the metabolism of acetylphosphate in rats, an enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of this substrate was found. The enzyme is present in homogenates as well as in cell-free extracts of liver, muscle, kidney, brain, but not in blood serum. Acetylphosphate M/20/20 (prepared according to Lipmann and Tuttle1) was incubated with liver homogenate and sodium bicarbonate buffer (pH 7·3) at 38° C. More than 80 per cent cleavage was observed in five minutes, and total cleavage was obtained in fifteen minutes. The spontaneous cleavage of acetylphosphate in the same conditions but in the absence of liver was 33 per cent in 180 minutes. The enzyme activity was found to be of the same order of magnitude in extracts of liver, kidney, brain and muscle.