Abnormal Temperature Rise Research Articles

The elliptic stress thermal field prior to M S 7.3 Yutian, and M S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquakes in China in 2008

Some thermal infrared anomalies on the earth’s surface are omens of stronger earthquakes, and have a close relationship with the stress fields. Satellite-based remote sensing is an important means of monitoring and researching this phenomenon. The M S 7.3 Yutian earthquake in Xinjiang on March 20, 2008 and the M S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan on May 12, 2008 both happened in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China, with epicenters more than 2,000 km apart. The two events, however, were a production of an identical stress field in different developing phases. Prior to the M S 7.3 Yutian earthquake, a large-scale abnormal temperature rise not only covered the epicenter of the forthcoming Yutian earthquake, but also arrived at the epicenter of the farther Wenchuan earthquake. The revolving elliptic stress thermal field reflecting earthquake gestation moved from the west to the east of the Wenchuan epicenter at the time of the Yutian event occurrence. The rotation of the calefactive ellipses and belts prior to the two strong events agreed with the stress field, the focal mechanism, and modality and mechanism property of the ruptures in the crustal surface induced by the events. It should be a reflection of the partial mantle uprush and rotation.

タンカーのカーゴオイルポンプ及びバラストポンプの取扱い

The handling liquid for tankers varies widely from low viscosity to high viscosity liquid. Recently, even VLCC starts handling high viscosity liquid. Since the heating device is not equipped to the cargo tank of VLCC, it is quite important to examine whether it is possible to discharge at the unloading port even though the viscosity at loading port was not high by heating. And cargo oil pump and ballast pump require a lot of valve manipulation during unloading and de-ballasting and there is a case of water hammer due to wrong manipulation and pump becomes inoperative. As a recent trend, it is occurring on ballast pump. There is a case of abnormal temperature rise of pump bearing occurs depending on the unloading condition. This is introducing cautions for these matters.

The Effects of Harmonic Components on Transformer Losses of Sinusoidal Source Supplying Non-Linear Loads

An important consideration when evaluating the impact of harmonics is their effect on power system component and loads. Transformers are major components in power systems. The increased losses due to harmonic distortion can cause excessive losses and hence abnormal temperature rise. The measurement of iron losses and copper losses of single-phase transformers is important in particular for transformers feeding nonlinear loads. In computing of transformer losses, it is assumed that source voltage is sinusoidal and load impedance is linear. This study presents the effects of harmonic distortion of load current and voltage on single-phase transformer losses utilizing the on-line measurements (monitoring) method of the primary side. The transformer is loaded with an SCR speed controller that consists of a single-phase full-bridge rectifier, SCR and a resistant load to generate various total harmonic current and voltage distortions (THDi and THDv) conditions.

An Explanation for the Abnormal Temperature Rise of Palladium Cathode During Electrochemical Deuterium Charging

Palladium bars in different states were used as cathodes to electrolyse the heavy water in a special calorimeter. During the seven long-period electrolysis tests, the abnormal temperature rise was observed only once. On the basis of experimental data and theoretical analysis, the possibilities of chemical and D-D fusion reactions which may cause this phenomenon were eliminated. According to our calculations, we believe that the abnormal temperature rise during the electrolysis of heavy water may result from the release of the elastic strain energy accumulated in the palladium cathodes.

Behaviours of High-Energy Electrons and Neutral Atoms in the Sputtering of BaTiO3

In the sputtering of TiO3, the substrate exhibits an abnormal temperature rise and a considerable decrease in weight. To investigate these phenomena, an energy distribution of the electrons and the yield of high-energy neutral atoms were examined. Furthermore, the discharge currents due to electrons and positive tons were estimated separately, and the electron current was divided into the secondary electron and thermal emission currents. In BaTiO3. aconsiderable electron yield by thermal emission was detected. From the results obtained, the following conclusions maight be expected. The abnormal temperature rise of the substrate is due to many electrons impinging upon the substrate with relatively high energies, and the large yield of high-energy neutral atoms bombarding the substrate is responsible for weight diminution of the substrate.