Published data describing epidemiological trends of abdominal injury on a national level are scarce. This study aims to analyse trends in demographics, severity, population-adjusted incidences, and short-term outcomes of abdominal trauma based on national trauma register data. Observational, complete national cohort study of all consecutive traumatic incidents resulting in abdominal injuries reported to the National Trauma Register (NTR) of Norway between 2015 and 2023. The NTR has demonstrated an overall coverage rate of 92.2% of trauma patients, with excellent data accuracy. Standardised incidence rates were estimated using the direct method with standard populations. Temporal trends were evaluated in regression models. Abdominal injuries occurred in 9.0% (7086/78,416) of all registered traumatic incidents. Children represented 18.1% (n = 1275) of the patients, and 14.8% (n = 1047) were elderly. The median age was 35 years (interquartile range, IQR: 19-55) and increased by 0.4 years annually (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.0-0.8). Men accounted for 69.5% (n = 4926) and 30.5% (n = 2160) were female. Blunt injury type dominated with 85.3% (n = 6044). Traffic-related accidents were the most common mechanism (48.0%, n = 3401), followed by falls (26.9%, n = 1903). The median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 10 (IQR 2-18), and 36.3% (n = 2567) displayed ISS>15 indicating severe injury. Polytrauma occurred in 20.6% (n = 1457) of trauma cases suffering abdominal injury. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence of all abdominal injuries was 14.9/100,000/year (95% CI: 14.5-15.3). The annual increase was 0.43 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 0.14-0.71) among children and 0.68 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 0.39-0.97) for elderly patients. The subgroup of solid organ injuries showed an adjusted incidence of 7.2/100,000/year (95% CI: 7.0-7.5), and hollow viscus injuries of 1.2/100,000/year (95% CI: 1.1-1.3). Overall 30-day mortality was 3.4% (n = 240), with no statistically significant change during the study period. Trauma patients presenting with abdominal injury are getting older. One third sustained severe injuries and one in five patients suffered polytraumatic injuries. The incidence of abdominal trauma increased over the last decade, predominantly amongst elderly patients and children. The mortality was low, and stable over time. None.

Introduction: Obesity is a recognised risk factor for complications in abdominal surgery wounds. The “dead space” formed by inadequately vascularised subcutaneous adipose tissue permits the accumulation of serous fluid and blood. Bacteria proliferate in this environment, heightening the risk of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and wound dehiscence. Aim: To determine the efficacy of prophylactic subcutaneous closed-tube drainage in reducing local wound complications following elective abdominal surgery in morbidly obese individuals. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Medical College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India, between April 2025 and December 2025. The study included 200 patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) exceeding 30 kg/m² and subcutaneous fat thickness greater than 3 cm. The study group (n=100) received a subcutaneous closed-tube suction drain, whereas the control group (n=100) underwent standard closure without drainage. The principal outcomes were seroma, haematoma, and SSI within 30 days postoperatively. The secondary outcomes encompassed the duration of hospital stay and the necessity for supplementary interventions. Results: The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, including mean age (p-value=0.34), BMI (p-value=0.58), and subcutaneous fat thickness (p-value=0.67), showed no statistically significant differences between the drain and nodrain groups. Use of subcutaneous suction drains significantly reduced wound complications. Seroma formation was 6% in the drain group and 24% in the control group (p-value <0.001). Also, there were fewer haematomas (2% vs 8%, p-value=0.048). Most significantly, the SSI rate was significantly lower in the study group (5% vs 18%, p-value=0.004). Consequently, the drain group had a markedly lower need for secondary interventions such as needle aspiration or re-suturing (4% vs 22%) and a shorter hospital stay (4.2±1.1 vs 6.8±2.5 days). Conclusion: Prophylactic subcutaneous closed-tube suction drainage is an effective, low-risk intervention that reduces wound morbidity in morbidly obese individuals and optimises hospital resource utilisation by reducing fluid accumulation and bacterial proliferation.

Association between prehospital time and injury severity in traffic crash patients.

Glenoid fracture morphology predicts associated trauma and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs); A multicenter evaluation.

This work aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of transarterial embolization (TAE) for hemodynamically unstable blunt abdominal trauma in the pediatric population, and to explore optimal clinical treatment strategies for this population. This retrospective study included 18 consecutive pediatric patients (median age: 5years; interquartile range: 1.9-8years; 8 females, 10 males) who underwent TAE for hemodynamically unstable blunt abdominal trauma in the emergency department of Children's Hospital between May 2016 and September 2024. Angiographic results were evaluated, and the embolic materials used, complications, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Diagnostic angiography showed single-organ or single-site bleeding in 12 cases (66.7%) and two-site bleeding in six cases (33.3%). All bleeding sources were successfully embolized. Twelve patients (66.7%) were embolized with coil. After TAE, one case (5.6%) was combined with right thoracic closed drainage. Postoperative complications occurred in three (16.7%) children, including biliary fistula in two children and allantoic formation in one child. One child died of cerebral herniation and multiple-organ failure 10days after embolization. TAE demonstrates an acceptable mortality rate and low complication rate in the management of acute bleeding in hemodynamically unstable pediatric with blunt abdominal trauma. It is a viable therapeutic alternative for this patient population.

Rapidly gelling platelet-rich plasma-loaded carboxymethyl hydroxybutyl chitosan hydrogel for colonic repair and adhesion reduction.

ABSTRACTBackgroundGunshot wounds are a major cause of mortality in armed conflict settings. In Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), particularly in the east of the country, recurring armed violence results in a significant influx of wounded requiring emergency surgical care. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical profile, and complications observed in patients with gunshot wounds.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study was conducted on 242 patients admitted between December 2024 and February 2025. Sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and outcome data were analyzed using STATA 14 software. Associations between clinical variables and complications were explored at the significance level p < 0.05.ResultsPatient records 242 were included in this study. The victims were predominantly male (74.4%) and young adults with a median age of 25 (range 18–34) years. Injuries mainly affected the lower (44.2%) and upper (42.2%) limbs. Open fractures (17.8%) and abdominal injuries (17.8%) were the injuries most frequently associated with complications. Hemodynamic instability on admission (44.1% of complicated cases) and an admission delay exceeding 8 h (53% of complicated cases) significantly increased the risk of complications. The mean length of hospital stay was 20 ± 16 days, and the overall mortality rate was 1.2%.ConclusionGunshot wounds in the city of Goma primarily affect young, active men who are frequently exposed to conflict zones. Complications are linked to initial instability, delays in admission, and the severity of the injuries. Strengthening the prehospital care system and surgical capacity remains essential to reducing mortality.

Traumatic injuries of the great vessels are rare but life-threatening in most cases. Road traffic crashes are the main cause of preventable traumatic injuries in Europe, namely great vessel injuries. Management of this condition in the pediatric population is poorly established and documented. We present our experience in assisting traumatic patients with traumatic great vessel injuries at a tertiary center Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. We also reviewed the approaches and clinical outcomes reported in the literature on behalf of this case series. We conducted a retrospective review of traumatic injuries reported from 2012 to 2021 at our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Patients under 18 years old who were victims of traumatic great vessel injuries were selected. Demographic and clinical data from these patients were collected until September of 2025 and analyzed. Of the 260 trauma patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, there were 4 (1.5%) cases of traumatic great vessel injuries associated with trauma. Three patients (75%) were male, and the mean age was 15.5 ± 1.7 years (range 13-17). The mechanism of trauma was blunt thoracoabdominal trauma from road traffic crashes in 3 patients and an abdominal stab wound due to aggression in 1 patient. The mean Modified Injury Severity Score and standard deviation were 15.5 ± 0.9. All patients required emergent surgery at hospital admission. The mean PICU stay and standard deviation were 24.7 ± 7.8 days. The median follow-up period was 71 (51-158) months. No major vessel complications or deaths were identified. Traumatic great vessel injuries are rare, severe, and difficult to diagnose in children; however, early recognition and treatment are essential to improve survival. Prevention of trauma resulting from high-speed accidents and domestic violence among adolescents must be promoted by healthcare services, as well as by authorities and social and political entities.

Reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor is a rare benign fibroinflammatory lesion of the gastrointestinal tract and mesentery that can closely mimic malignant disease on clinical examination and imaging. Most reported cases are associated with prior abdominal surgery, trauma, or inflammation. Omental involvement is particularly uncommon, and preoperative diagnosis remains difficult because of its rarity and the limited description of multimodality imaging findings. We report a rare case of omental reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor in a young man without any history of abdominal surgery, trauma, or abdominal discomfort, highlighting its unusual presentation and diagnostic features. A 31-year-old man presented with a palpable abdominal mass that had been present for more than 1 month. He had no previous abdominal surgery, trauma, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed multiple well-defined solid masses in the greater omentum with scattered calcifications. The lesions were similar in attenuation to skeletal muscle on unenhanced images and showed mild progressive enhancement after contrast administration. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated low signal intensity on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images with a similar gradual enhancement pattern. Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed hypoechoic lesions with limited enhancement. Because malignancy could not be excluded radiologically, surgical resection was performed. Histopathological examination demonstrated spindle cell proliferation within dense hyalinized collagenous stroma with focal chronic inflammatory infiltrates. Immunohistochemical findings supported the diagnosis of reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor. The patient recovered well after surgery and remained recurrence-free during more than 4 years of follow-up. This case indicates that reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of solid omental masses, even in patients without a history of abdominal surgery or inflammation. Multimodality imaging may provide important clues to its fibrous nature, but definitive diagnosis still depends on histopathological confirmation. Greater awareness of this rare entity may reduce misdiagnosis and help avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment.

Sigmoid volvulus is a recurrent cause of large bowel obstruction that predominantly affects elderly and frail patients. After successful endoscopic detorsion, elective sigmoid resection is recommended to prevent recurrence. This study describes a new, trans-Pfannenstiel approach for sigmoidectomy and reports the initial clinical experience with this technique. This study was designed as a single-center retrospective case series. Adult patients surgically treated for sigmoid volvulus between 2024 and 2025 were included. All patients underwent successful endoscopic detorsion and decompression followed by planned surgical resection. The primary outcome was postoperative complications within 30days. Surgical technique, perioperative outcomes and short-term follow-up were analyzed. Eleven patients were included, with a median age of 71years (IQR 51-79); five patients (45.4%) were classified as ASA III, and nine patients (63.6%) had experienced two or more previous episodes of volvulus. Median operative time was 105min (IQR 90-125). No patient required postoperative intensive care or reoperation. Postoperative complications occurred in four patients (36.4%), with one Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa complication managed non-operatively with CT-guided percutaneous drainage. Median length of hospital stay was 6 days (IQR 5-6). Three patients (27.3%) required early readmission for medical complications (one Clavien-Dindo IIIa and two Clavien-Dindo II complications). No postoperative mortality or recurrence of sigmoid volvulus was observed during a median follow-up of 394days (IQR 246-434). Trans-Pfannenstiel sigmoidectomy is a feasible, safe, and reproducible technique for the surgical management of sigmoid volvulus in selected patients. When performed after endoscopic decompression in a planned setting, it allows definitive treatment while limiting abdominal wall trauma in a fragile population.

BACKGROUNDLiver trauma remains a major contributor to morbidity in patients with abdominal injuries. Although nonoperative management (NOM) is widely accepted in hemodynamically stable patients, the relationship between American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) injury grade, laboratory parameters, transfusion requirements, and the need for surgical intervention remains unclear.METHODSThis retrospective observational study included 53 patients with radiologically or intraoperatively confirmed liver lacerations treated at a tertiary surgical center between October 2024 and May 2025. Data collected included demographics, vital signs, AAST injury grade, laboratory values, transfusion requirements, imaging use, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests, and logistic regression.RESULTSThe mean age was 41.4 years, with 67.9% of patients being male. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accidents (56.6%). On admission, 64.2% of patients had AAST grade I–II injuries, while 7.5% had grade IV injuries. NOM was successful in 81.1% of cases, with 18.9% requiring operative intervention. No in-hospital mortality was observed. Changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were not significantly associated with injury grade or the need for surgery. However, transfusion requirements increased with injury severity, including erythrocyte suspension (p=0.006) and fresh frozen plasma (p<0.001). Follow-up imaging (n=25) demonstrated stable or improved findings in 96% of patients. Logistic regression analysis did not identify independent predictors of surgical intervention.CONCLUSIONNOM of liver lacerations is safe and effective, with excellent outcomes and no mortality observed in this cohort. Although AAST injury grade alone did not predict the need for surgery, transfusion requirements correlated with injury severity, highlighting their value as practical indicators in clinical decision-making.

BackgroundTraumatic major limb amputations require urgent intervention to prevent irreversible tissue necrosis and life-threatening systemic complications due to warm ischemia. We aim to demonstrate the efficacy of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in extending the ischemia tolerance window and stabilizing metabolic parameters during multidisciplinary replantation.Case PresentationA 23-year-old female presented with bilateral total upper extremity amputations following a high-energy motor vehicle accident. While damage control surgery addressed intra-abdominal injuries, the amputated limbs were preserved using a neonatal oxygenator and a specialized ECC circuit. Perfusion was maintained for 224 minutes, achieving significant metabolic stabilization, with arterial pH improving from 6.72 to 7.57.ResultsAlthough the right limb required secondary amputation due to the initial crush injury, the left limb was successfully salvaged. At the 3-year follow-up, the patient exhibited excellent functional recovery with restored motor and sensory functions.ConclusionECC is a vital modality in complex trauma management, providing a metabolic bridge to replantation and improving long-term clinical outcomes in major limb salvage.

Abdominal organ injuries in children are usually caused by traffic accidents, which are typically defined as high-energy injuries. We report abdominal organ injury cases not attributed to high-energy blunt trauma but seemingly minor blunt trauma with focal impact.Case 1:A 6-year-old patient was running in a park and slipped one day before. The FAST examination was positive, revealing hepatic injury. Computed tomography demonstrated a massive subcapsular hemorrhage of the liver.Case 2:A 6-year-old patient fell in a room the day before. She experienced trauma to the epigastrium after hitting a water bottle during the fall. The FAST examination was positive, revealing pancreatic injury. Computed tomography was performed and showed a hematoma anterior to the pancreas.Case 3:A 7-year-old girl was practicing bar pullovers one day before. FAST examination was negative;however, targeted ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic lesion, and computed tomography revealed a hematoma in the duodenal wall.These cases had abdominal organ injury caused by seemingly minor blunt trauma with focal impact. Physical examination and abdominal ultrasound examination, including FAST and targeted ultrasonography, are essential for the early identification of pediatric patients requiring computed tomography.

Judicious use of radiology imaging is an important quality measure in emergency care for children. Prior studies have shown differences in imaging utilization by insurance status and race and ethnicity. To examine if measures of hospital and emergency department (ED) pediatric capabilities modify the association between insurance, race and ethnicity, and imaging utilization. This retrospective cohort study combined data from the 2019 State Emergency Department and State Inpatient Databases of 8 states with the 2019 National Emergency Department Inventory-USA and the 2021 National Pediatric Readiness Project (NPRP) Survey on patients 18 years of age or younger. There were 857 034 total ED visits across 3 cohorts, encompassing patients with asthma, head trauma, or abdominal trauma. Statistical analysis was performed from May 2024 to January 2026. Pediatric capability, as measured by presence of a pediatric emergency care coordinator, readiness according to NPRP data, and hospital functional capability (inpatient and intensive care unit bed status). The association of insurance and race and ethnicity (separate models) with imaging utilization was examined across the 3 cohorts. Chest radiography was evaluated for patients with asthma, head computed tomography (CT) was evaluated for patients with head trauma, and abdominal CT was evaluated for patients with abdominal trauma. Separate mixed-effects logistic regression models were constructed, adjusting for age, sex, presence of a complex chronic condition, diagnostic grouping system severity score, hospital pediatric ED visit volume, and complexity of the hospital patient mix (percentage of patients with complex chronic conditions and mean severity clinical score) with random intercept for hospital. As a sensitivity analysis, these associations were examined separately for discharged patients. There were 857 034 total ED visits in the 3 cohorts, encompassing patients with asthma (380 719 ED visits; mean [SD] age, 9.6 [5.0] years; 210 598 male [55%]), head trauma (435 644 ED visits; mean [SD] age, 7.2 [5.7] years; 264 004 male [61%]), and abdominal trauma (40 671 ED visits; mean [SD] age, 11.0 [5.4] years; 21 632 male [53%]). Children with public insurance were less likely to have undergone imaging across all measures compared with those with private insurance (asthma: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.83-0.86]; head trauma: AOR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.75-0.78]; abdominal trauma: AOR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.55-0.63]). In the adjusted model, compared with non-Hispanic White patients, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to have undergone imaging across all measures (non-Hispanic Black, asthma: AOR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.81-0.85]; non-Hispanic Black, head trauma: AOR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.74-0.79]; non-Hispanic Black, abdominal trauma: AOR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.55-0.65]; Hispanic, asthma: AOR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.89-0.93]; Hispanic, head trauma: AOR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.82-0.87]; Hispanic, abdominal trauma: AOR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66-0.80]). The presence of pediatric capability was associated with differences in imaging utilization, but not with changes in the pattern of association between either insurance or race and ethnicity and imaging utilization. Similar results were observed among those who were discharged. In this cohort study of pediatric ED visits, increased pediatric capability was not associated with differences in the patterns of imaging utilization by insurance status or race and ethnicity. Additional efforts are needed to ensure that pediatric capability improves quality and equity of care.

Clinical value of peritoneal signs and computed tomography in hemodynamically stable patients with abdominal gunshot wounds.

Equestrian sports have been found to cause high rates of injuries. In clinical practise after such injuries, polytrauma protocol workups usually include whole-body computed tomography (WBCT), CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis with intravenous iodine contrast medium, and CT of the cervical spine and brain without contrast. The purpose was to investigate the use of WBCT in equestrian-related accidents, to analyse demographics, mechanism of injury (MOI), therapy and severity of equine-related accidents, radiology, and the use of protecting equipment. This is a retrospective study including a cohort of patients who were admitted to trauma centres at Queen Silvia Children's Hospital (paediatric <16 years) and Sahlgrenska University Hospital (adult ≥16 years) in Gothenburg in the period 2010 - 2020 due to equestrian-related injuries. Medical records were studied concerning patient demographics, MOI, protective equipment, injuries suffered, Injury Severity Score (ISS), surgery, and hospital length of stay. There were 1341 patients (97 % female, 43 % paediatric) with equestrian-related accidents who were admitted to the hospitals. Of these, 262 were assessed as polytrauma, of whom 77 % were adults with median age of 38 years and 23 % were paediatric with median age of 13 years. WBCT was performed in 54 % of adult and 52 % of paediatric patients. The MOI was mainly fall from a horse 241/262 (92 %), and in 27/241 (11 %) the horse also fell on the rider. In the 262 patients, spine injury was seen in 32 %, thoracic injury in 29 %, cerebral hemorrhages in 22 (8 %), tetraplegia in 2 (0.8 %), and paraplegia in 1 (0.4 %). Abdominal injury was mostly seen in liver 13/262 (5 %). The median ISS was 4 (IQR 1-9). There were 59 % of paediatric and 48 % of adult patients hospitalized for a median of 2 days (IQR 1-5), and 14 needed intensive care. Surgery was required in 33 patients. Wearing of helmets and vests was recorded in 146 (56 %) and 58 (22 %) of the individuals, respectively. Only 54 % of adult and 52 % of paediatric patients underwent a WBCT after equestrian - related polytrauma indicating inadequate assessment. The documentation rate of safety equipment was low.

Abstract Rationale Despite advances in imaging and molecular testing, an attentive history remains the cornerstone of accurate diagnosis. Thoracic splenosis, the autotransplantation of splenic tissue into the thoracic cavity after trauma or splenectomy, is a rare condition that can closely imitate lung cancer decades later. This case highlights how recalling a remote injury prevented unnecessary intervention and revealed a benign physiologic mimic of malignancy. Case Presentation An 82-year-old man with severe emphysema and a 40-pack-year smoking history presented with progressive dyspnea and unintentional 20-lb weight loss. CT chest revealed a 2-cm pleural-based left lower-lobe mass concerning for malignancy. PET imaging showed mild hypermetabolism, and pulmonary function testing confirmed severe obstruction (FEV1 54% predicted; DLCO 59%). A CT-guided biopsy was initially planned; however, during multidisciplinary review, his chart revealed a remote abdominal gunshot wound from fifty years prior, complicated by splenectomy and pleurodesis—details previously overlooked. This historical context prompted reconsideration of the diagnosis, and nuclear scintigraphy using technetium-99m–labeled heat-damaged red blood cells was performed instead. The scan demonstrated splenic tissue within the thoracic cavity, confirming thoracic splenosis. The patient remained clinically stable, and six-month follow-up imaging showed no interval change. Discussion This case illustrates how historical insight can surpass even the most advanced diagnostics in guiding clinical judgment. In a patient whose age, symptoms, and imaging features strongly favored malignancy, one rediscovered detail—a remote splenectomy following abdominal trauma—completely redirected the diagnostic pathway. Given this history, a technetium-99m–labeled heat-damaged red blood cell nuclear scan was pursued, confirming ectopic splenic tissue and establishing the diagnosis of thoracic splenosis. This entity is frequently mistaken for primary or metastatic lung cancer, particularly in individuals with heavy smoking history or chronic lung disease. This case reinforces that every pulmonary lesion must be interpreted within the full clinical narrative, where even decades-old surgical history can redefine the diagnosis. Beyond influencing individual outcomes, such awareness reduces unnecessary invasive procedures, lowers healthcare costs, and sustains patient trust by preventing unwarranted alarm. Conclusion This case exemplifies how clinical context transforms outcomes. Awareness of prior trauma guided nuclear imaging that confirmed thoracic splenosis, replacing invasive intervention with conservative management. Even in an era of advanced diagnostics, history remains the foundation of precision medicine. This abstract is funded by: None

Emboli transport in a full patient-specific aortic tree: Assessment of abdominal organ injury risk during cardiopulmonary bypass.

An evaluation of emergency exploratory laparotomy timing & outcomes in adult patients with severe penetrating abdominal trauma in hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a leading cause of death and disability, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Non-operative management (NOM) has become the standard of care for hemodynamically stable patients without peritonitis. NOM remains difficult in cases of polytrauma. The rationale for this research stems from the fact that, despite global advances in trauma care, LMICs often face unique challenges such as limited access to imaging, delayed patient presentation, and variability in clinical decision-making. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 19 out of 126 patients with BAT between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2022. The study included adult patients who sustained BAT. Data on demographics, cause of injury, time of presentation, clinical signs, associated injuries, and mortality were collected. Results: We had a predominantly male cohort (84.2%), with a sex ratio of 5.3, and a mean age of 23.9 years. The most affected age group was 15–30 years (47.4%). Emergency medical transport was used in 42.1% of cases and 68.4% of patients received hospital management within 2 hours after injury. The leading causes of trauma were road traffic accidents (52.6%), followed by workplace accidents (26.3%). Patients selected for NOM were hemodynamically stable or transient hemodynamic responders at the time of treatment. Abdominal tenderness was present in 63.2% of cases, and one patient exhibited hematuria. Abdominal CT scans, conducted in 78.9% of patients, identified organ injuries in 86.7%, most commonly liver trauma (73.7%), followed by splenic injuries (15.8%). Over half of the patients (57.9%) had associated injuries, with thoracic trauma being the most frequent (31.6%). Most patients (68.4%) had a hospital stay of 10 days or less. The overall mortality rate was 21.1% (4 deaths). Deaths were attributed to both primary abdominal injuries and accompanying complications, particularly thoracic, hepatic, and splenic trauma. Conclusions: NOM of BAT can only be effective in LMIC if adequate resources are mobilized. LMIC with limited resources must invest considerably in pre-hospital care, multidisciplinary approach, and intra-hospital management to guarantee a safe use of such procedures for patients.