Long-term health consequences of abolishing the nationwide adolescent physical fitness test in Korea: evidence from a cross-sectional study.

Associations of eating behaviors, dietary inflammation, and visceral adiposity with clinical and psychological features in epilepsy.

Lipid-related indices and stroke risk among middle-aged and older Chinese adults: A nationwide cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Effectiveness of body roundness index, relative fat mass, and body adiposity index in predicting body adiposity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in women.

Associations between repeated measures of exposure to phthalates, phenols, parabens, and their mixtures and metabolic syndrome in midlife women in Mexico city.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity Is Associated With Reduced Risks of Mortality in Adults With General or Abdominal Obesity in Mexico.

Visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome - A cross-sectional, observational study.

Atypical diabetes subtypes and presentations are disproportionately prevalent in populations of African and Asian ancestry. This review discusses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, aetiopathogenesis and management of four atypical diabetes subtypes commonly reported in Black African populations. These are ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD), fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), type 2 diabetes in individuals without overweight or obesity, and malnutrition-related diabetes (MRD). The review summarises current insights into these atypical diabetes subtypes in Black African populations and provides practical recommendations to guide their precision diagnosis and management in the African region. These four atypical diabetes subtypes exhibit phenotypic features that diverge from those of classical type 1 and type 2 diabetes. KPD is characterised by unprovoked, transient, index episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis, often in the absence of markers of islet cell autoimmunity, with frequent subsequent insulin independence and diabetes remission. FCPD typically presents in young lean individuals, with a strong male preponderance and with radiological evidence of pancreatic calcifications, reduced beta cell reserve and severe hyperglycaemia without ketosis. Type 2 diabetes in individuals without overweight or obesity is characterised by normal BMI with a trend towards low levels of markers of visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and an exaggeratedbeta cell secretory dysfunction. MRD is associated with a previous and persistent history of undernutrition, with features of undernutrition such as stunting and BMI <18.5 kg/m2, resistance to diabetic ketoacidosis, no evidence of visceral or ectopic adiposity, and severe beta cell secretory dysfunction. The high prevalence and heterogeneous presentation of these atypical forms of diabetes in African populations highlight the urgent need for enhanced collaborative research to better define their epidemiology, improve diagnostic accuracy and develop context-appropriate management strategies tailored to diverse African populations.

Obesity is associated with cognitive decline, yet evidence regarding the role of different obesity indices is heterogeneous. This study aims to investigate the impact of the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), an indicator providing an optimised assessment of abdominal obesity, on cognition in middle-aged and older adults in China. We used data from five waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2020). Global cognition function was divided into two dimensions: fluid and crystallised cognitive function. The scores were adjusted for comparability (across the 2018 and 2020 waves) and standardised. Restricted cubic splines assessed the potential nonlinear relationship between WWI and cognition. Linear mixed effects models examined longitudinal associations between WWI and cognitive function and delineated the age-related cognitive trajectories between different WWI subgroups. Totally, 8240 individuals aged over 50 years at baseline were enrolled (mean age 61.12 ± 7.45 years), corresponding to 32 498 observations. Nonlinear relationship between WWI and global cognition was found with an inflection point at the standardised WWI value of -0.2 (11.04 cm/ ; p-non-linear = 0.026). Each one-SD increase in WWI was linked to lower cognitive scores: global cognition (β = -0.064; 95% CI: -0.089, -0.038), fluid cognition (β = -0.064; 95% CI: -0.089, -0.038), crystallised cognition (β = -0.046; 95% CI: -0.070, -0.022). Compared with the lowest tertile (T1), the highest WWI tertile (T3) had lower baseline cognitive scores and a faster age-related cognitive decline. Over 10 years, a cumulative difference of 0.123 SD in global cognition was observed between individuals with a 1-SD difference in WWI, and those in the T3 group showed a cumulative deficit of 0.141 SD compared to the T1. This pattern was more pronounced for fluid cognitive function. Results indicated that higher WWI was significantly associated with lower cognitive scores. Moreover, in the highest WWI tertile, cognitive function exhibited a higher rate of decline. It is imperative to implement public health measures promoting effective abdominal obesity control strategies, thereby mitigating the burden of dementia.

Genetic evidence for causality of late chronotype on metabolic syndrome in East Asians and Europeans.

Early-life dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption promotes immune function and reduces systemic and adipose inflammation in a sex-specific manner in obese Wistar rats.

Fructose-induced prediabetes causes persistent DNA methylation changes in white adipose tissue despite metabolic normalization.

The association of obesity- related markers such as Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) and bone health is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate this association among men using data from of the second recruitment of the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 851 men aged 50 years and older using data from the BEH program. Demographic information, laboratory data, bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) were collected. Participants with a T-score ≤ - 2.5 at the lumbar spine, total hip, or femoral neck were classified as having osteoporosis, while others were not. Low BMD (osteopenia/osteoporosis), was defined as a T-score ≤ - 1 at any of these sites. Associations of adiposity measures and bone health were investigated using linear and logistic regression analyses. The mean age of the participants was 62.9 ± 0.2 years and 151 (17.7%) were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Compared to individuals without osteoporosis, those with osteoporosis had lower mean of VAI (2.3 vs. 2.7, p = 0.001) and LAP (44.5 vs. 61.6, p < 0.001). After adjusting for known and measured confounders, VAI exhibited a positive association with BMD at total hip and LAP exhibited a negative association with TBS. Each one unit increases in VAI was associated with 0.0192 gr/cm2 increase in lumbar spine BMD, while one-unit increase in LAP was associated with 0.0011 gr/cm2 decrease in TBS. Moreover, in logistic regression analysis, VAI was related with lower odds of having low BMD (odds ratio = 0.725, p = 0.041). These findings highlighted that some adiposity parameters may serve as valuable markers in evaluating bone health in older adult men. A deeper understanding of these associations may improve clinical approaches for the prevention and management of osteoporosis in this population.

Prognostic assessment in gastric cancer relies primarily on TNM staging, yet outcomes vary substantially among patients within the same stage. Computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition parameters, particularly adipose and muscle radiodensity, have emerged as independent prognostic factors. We aimed to evaluate a novel variable integrating visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle (SM) radiodensity as a prognostic marker in gastric cancer. In this retrospective study, 461 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2009 and 2018 at the University of Campinas Hospital (Brazil) were included. CT images at the L3 level were segmented to quantify VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and SM. Median radiodensity values (Hounsfield units, HU) were extracted. Combinations of CT-derived variables were tested for prognostic value, and the difference between VAT and SM median radiodensity (VMD) was selected. Patients were stratified into tertiles, and survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models adjusted for clinicopathological covariates. Higher VMD values were strongly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Median OS was 13.8 months in the highest tertile versus 58.5 months in the lowest tertile (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, VMD remained independently associated with mortality (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.14-2.24, p < 0.05). Associations were particularly pronounced among women. VMD represents a simple and reproducible CT-derived biomarker that complements TNM staging and enhances prognostic precision in gastric cancer. Its clinical feasibility supports future multicenter validation and potential integration into routine risk assessment.

GAST-NET: A multi-modal and multi-task deep learning framework for preoperative prediction of perineural invasion and prognostic risk in gastric cancer.

Simiaoyong'an decoction alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting adipose tissue inflammation through PPARγ activation: Integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation.

Neuropeptide analog PD149163 ameliorates metabolic endotoxemia-driven thyroid inflammation by targeting LPS-LBP signalling in murine model: Insights from in vivo, in silico and network pharmacology analyses.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces rapid and adverse changes in body composition, yet effective strategies to prevent excess fat accumulation are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an individualized dietitian-led nutrition intervention on change in fat mass and related markers of adiposity during the first year following SCI. In this single-center, open-label randomized controlled trial, adults with subacute traumatic SCI were randomized to an individualized dietitian-led intervention or usual care. The primary outcome was change in total fat mass (FM) over one year, assessed by multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. Secondary outcomes included fat mass index (FMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), waist circumference, fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and biomarkers (fasting glucose, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c, LDL, HDL and triglycerides). Intention-to-treat analyses used mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, and neurological severity. Sixty-two participants were randomized (32 intervention, 30 control). Participants were predominantly male (76%) with a mean age of 48 (SD 17) years. At 1 year, the adjusted between-group difference in FM change was -1.5 kg (95% CI -4.8 to 1.9; p = 0.39). Significant between-group differences were observed for VAT (-0.5 L; 95% CI -1.0 to -0.1; p = 0.02) and waist circumference (-4.0 cm; 95% CI -7.0 to -1.0; p = 0.01), with borderline significance for FMI (-1.6 kg/m2; 95% CI -3.2 to 0.0; p = 0.05). No significant between-group differences were observed for body weight, BMI, fat-free mass, or biomarkers. Sensitivity and per-protocol analyses yielded consistent results. Although the intervention did not significantly affect the primary endpoint of total fat mass, between-group differences were observed for VAT and waist circumference. These findings suggest that structured, individualized dietetic care initiated during SCI rehabilitation and continued post-discharge may attenuate accumulation of abdominal adiposity. Longer-term follow-up is needed to determine whether early attenuation of abdominal adiposity translates into reduced cardiometabolic risk and improved functional outcomes. NCT04109586.

Deep Learning-Derived Body Composition Analysis Predicts Long-Term Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Skeletal muscle mass and radiation attenuation (RA) have been shown to be associated with chemotoxicity and survival in cancer patients. However, little is known about the clinical significance of adipose tissue RA, which has been hypothesized to be associated with tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. We investigated the association between adipose tissue RA, chemotoxicity, and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) by performing a secondary analysis using data from a randomized controlled trial. We included 104 mCRC patients treated with standard first-line chemotherapy. Using diagnostic abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans, we assessed height adjusted (cm2) area and RA of skeletal muscle (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) at the third lumbar vertebra, and calculated SM index (SMI), VATI, and SATI as cm2/m2 based on stature. Associations between these body composition parameters and overall survival as well as chemotoxicity (NCI-CTCAE v 4.03) were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis. Multivariable models evaluated body composition parameters, adjusted for age, sex, and significant clinically relevant covariates. Among the 104 patients in the cohort, 38 were female (36.5%). Mean age was 65.5 ± 9.5 years. 43 patients (41.3%) developed grade 3/4 toxicity. Pre-treatment SAT-RA was independently associated with grade 3/4 toxicities (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98). Chemotherapy regimens and nutritional support were not associated with chemotoxicity. In the multivariable Cox analysis, SAT-RA (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.43) and SM-RA (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.90) were associated with shorter overall survival. Higher SAT-RA and lower SM-RA at baseline were associated with shorter overall survival of patients with mCRC, and lower SAT-RA was associated with increased chemotoxicity. These body composition alterations should be investigated in future chemotherapy related studies.