Abdominal Blood Research Articles

Abdominal Circumference, Blood Pressure, and Blood Sugar Rate in Adult Men

This research design was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were adult males at the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Samples were taken by total sampling method with a total of 33 samples. Data obtained through direct measurement of abdominal circumference, blood pressure and blood sugar levels. The data analysis used was the Pearson test correlative analysis to determine the correlation between abdominal circumference and blood pressure and blood sugar levels. The results showed a significant positive relationship between systolic blood pressure and abdominal circumference (r = 0.523; p = 0.002), while diastolic blood pressure had a negative and insignificant relationship (r = -0.038; p = 0.832). There was a positive and insignificant relationship between stomach circumference and blood sugar levels (r = 0.224; p = 0.211).

3D printed prototype of a complex neuroblastoma for preoperative surgical planning

Neuroblastoma is the most common abdominal solid tumour in childhood. Its removal implies a complex surgery that requires surgical experience due to the usual encassement of major abdominal blood vessels. Standard surgical planning is based on CT or MRI images. However, in complex cases, normal anatomy is altered and it is dificult to interpret. 3D virtual planning and 3D Printing (3DP) can overcome this difficulties of comprehension. The most common 3DP technology used for this cases is material jetting. Nevertheless, this technology is very expensive and cannot be widely used. Consequently, its use is limited. The present study seeks to introduce the possibility of reducing costs whilst mantaining the quality of the 3D printed protypes. A full-process of a neuroblastoma case using hybrid manufacturing combining some FFF and some SLS 3D printed parts is presented. The two processes are carried out separately and then joined in a final assembly. The cost of the prototype was 347 €, which is significantly lower than a prototype 3D printed by material jetting.

Celastrol alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury in rats by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB inflammatory pathway

To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of celastrol in acute lung injury (ALI) of septic rats. According to random number table, 24 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group (Con group), Sham operation group (Sham group), sepsis-induced ALI group by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP group) and celastrol intervention group (CLP+celastrol group, 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration 1 hour before surgery), 6 rats in each group. The abdominal aortic blood of the rats was collected for blood gas analysis 24 hours after the surgery, and then the rats were sacrificed and the lung tissues were taken to calculate the lung wet to dry weight ratio (W/D). The pathological characteristics of lung tissues were observed under light microscope and calculated the lung injury score. The protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukins (IL-6, IL-10), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) of cytoplasm and nucleus in lung tissues were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), lung W/D ratio, lung injury score and the protein levels of inflammatory factor in lung tissues had no differences between Con group and Sham group. Compared with the Con group, PaO2 in the CLP group was significantly decreased [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 60.33±2.01 vs. 109.20±2.99], the lung W/D ratio and lung injury score were significantly increased (lung W/D ratio: 4.44±0.05 vs. 3.27±0.04, lung injury score: 10.67±0.42 vs. 0.50±0.22), and the protein levels of TLR4, IL-6, IL-10 and the nucleus NF-κB in the lung tissues were significantly increased [TLR4 (pg/L): 21.87±0.66 vs. 3.27±0.09, IL-6 (ng/L): 861.10±8.28 vs. 120.30±3.91, IL-10 (ng/L): 212.40±2.57 vs. 41.73±1.02, nuclear NF-κB (ng/L): 707.70±16.82 vs. 403.30±7.46], but the protein level of cytoplasm NF-κB was significantly decreased (ng/L: 213.70±8.67 vs. 408.30±8.71), with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Compared with the CLP group, PaO2 in CLP+celastrol group was significantly increased (mmHg: 76.83±3.21 vs. 60.33±2.01), the lung W/D ratio and lung injury score were significantly decreased (lung W/D ratio: 3.82±0.03 vs. 4.44±0.05, lung injury score: 5.00±0.37 vs. 10.67±0.42), and the protein levels of TLR4, IL-6, IL-10 and nucleus NF-κB in the lung tissue were significantly decreased [TLR4 (pg/L): 7.57±0.21 vs. 21.87±0.66, IL-6 (ng/L): 380.90±6.55 vs. 861.10±8.28, nuclear NF-κB (ng/L): 533.80±9.42 vs. 707.70±16.82], and the protein level of cytoplasm NF-κB was significantly increased (ng/L: 342.70±14.96 vs. 213.70±8.67), with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05), while the protein level of IL-10 in lung tissues had no significant difference (ng/L: 210.50±3.16 vs. 212.40±2.57, P > 0.05). Celastrol may regulate the expression and release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby alleviating the ALI induced by sepsis in rats.

First-trimester fetal heart evaluation: time to move forward.

First-trimester fetal heart evaluation: time to move forward.

Effects of treatment based on different target mean arterial pressure on gastrointestinal function in septic shock patients with hypertension

To investigate the effect of fluid resuscitation and circulatory support, directed by different target mean arterial pressure (MAP), on abdominal blood flow, gastrointestinal function and inflammatory response in septic shock patients with hypertension. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. Hypertensive patients with septic shock admitted to the department of intensive care unit (ICU) of Liuzhou People's Hospital from January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020 were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into the low MAP groups (low standard group, LS group) or high MAP group (high standard group, HS group). According to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines in 2016 and the updated guideline in 2018, all patients were given treatment of primary disease, fluid resuscitation, supportive management. The target MAP was 65-70 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) in LS group, and was 75-80 mmHg in HS group. Acute gastrointestinal function injury (AGI) classification was performed on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day. The mean flow rate (Vm) and resistance index (RI) of superior mesenteric artery were evaluated using ultrasound, and the gastrointestinal function was dynamically evaluated using the modified single section ultrasonic gastric antrum method. The gastric antrum movement index (MI) and gastric empaging time (GET) were recorded. The levels of inflammatory markers in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The target MAP, the days of use of vasopressors and the amount of fluid resuscitation were recorded. A total of 208 hypertensive patients with septic shock were enrolled, including 109 in the LS group and 99 in the HS group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score between the two groups when diagnosed. After treatment, there was no significant difference in AGI classification between the LS group and HS group on the 1st day. On the 3rd and 7th day, there were statistical differences between the two groups (3rd day: proportion of I, II, III, IV grades were 25.69%, 56.88%, 11.93%, 5.50% in LS group, 15.15%, 54.55%, 25.25%, 5.05% in HS group, respectively, χ2 = 7.900, P = 0.048; 7rd day: proportion of I, II, III, IV grades were 44.96%, 49.54%, 3.67%, 1.83% in LS group, 31.31%, 52.53%, 11.11%, 5.05% in HS group, respectively, χ2 = 8.178, P = 0.042). The Vm of superior mesenteric artery was higher and the RI was lower in the LS group than those in the HS group on day 1, 3 and 7 [Vm (cm/s): 21.72±3.02 vs. 19.50±2.83, 20.42±2.62 vs. 17.02±1.99, 26.52±2.70 vs. 22.47±4.03; RI: 0.86±0.05 vs. 0.92±0.04, 0.87±0.05 vs. 0.95±0.05, 0.81±0.03 vs. 0.85±0.03, all P < 0.01]. The MI was higher and the GET was shorter in the LS group than those in the HS group on day 3 and day 7 [MI: 3.00±0.33 vs. 2.60±0.29, 4.50±0.51 vs. 3.90±0.33; GET (minutes): 86.01±19.78 vs. 100.99±25.01, 71.00±16.37 vs. 84.98±20.18, all P < 0.01]. In addition, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, PCT, VEGF were lower in the LS group than those in the HS group after 3 days of treatment [TNF-α (ng/L): 147.05±28.32 vs. 256.99±27.04, IL-6 (ng/L): 762.99±57.83 vs. 1 112.30±118.32, PCT (μg/L): 37.00±5.58 vs. 56.00±12.36, VEGF (ng/L): 123.00±19.78 vs. 167.01±21.55, all P < 0.05]. The target MAP was maintained at (68.02±4.71) mmHg in LS group, and (79.04±3.04) mmHg in HS group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Compared with the HS group, the days of using vasopressors was shorter in LS group (days: 3.50±1.27 vs. 4.55±1.47), and the amountof fluid was reduced significantly (mL: 1 602.29±275.49 vs. 2 000.30±272.59, both P < 0.01). Maintaining a low target mean arterial pressure (65-70 mmHg) in hypertensive patients with septic shock can improve blood supply of superior mesenteric artery, protect the gastrointestinal function, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and diminish the duration of using vasopressors and the amount of fluid.

Daily physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, nutritional status, endothelial function, and autonomic modulation in school-age adolescents: A principal component analysis

PurposeThis study evaluated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness, abdominal obesity, blood pressure, endothelial function, and autonomic modulation in school-age adolescents exhibiting different levels of habitual physical activity and nutritional status, through a multivariate statistical approach. Methods101 adolescents aged 15–18 years (54 females) underwent assessments of daily physical activity, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, reactive hyperemia, and heart rate variability. Based on BMI adjusted for age and sex (z-BMI), 21 adolescents were classified as ‘overweight’ (9 girls), and 9 as ‘obese’ (4 girls). The common variation between those variables was assessed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). ResultsMain axis of common variation of outcomes analyzed defined four principal components (PCs) accounting for 69.7% of overall variance, related to ‘abdominal obesity and blood pressure’ (PC1; eigenvalue=2.76), ‘cardiorespiratory fitness, endothelial function, and autonomic modulation’ (PC2, eigenvalue=1.98), ‘cardiorespiratory fitness’ (PC3, eigenvalue=1.21), and ‘sedentary behavior’ (PC4, eigenvalue=1.02). Girls reported longer screen time and sedentary behavior than boys. Notwithstanding, in both sexes poorer cardiorespiratory fitness corresponded to lower reactive hyperemia and vagal modulation, irrespective of the nutritional status. Overall, adolescents classified as ‘obese’ and ‘sedentary’ exhibited poorer CRF concomitantly to autonomic and endothelial dysfunctions. ConclusionIn school-age adolescents, endothelial and autonomic dysfunctions related to poor cardiorespiratory fitness, irrespective of the nutritional status and physical activity level. However, endothelial and autonomic dysfunctions were more prevalent among adolescents combining poor cardiorespiratory fitness, reduced levels of daily physical activity, and overweight/obesity.

Study on Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on changes of serum cytokines MMP-13 and TNF-α in rats with knee osteoarthritis

Study on Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on changes of serum cytokines MMP-13 and TNF-α in rats with knee osteoarthritis

TOWARDS NOVEL CIRCULATING MARKERS FOR ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM PROGNOSIS

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is increasing due to aging of the population and is a major cause of death among the elderly. Ultrasound screening programs are useful in early diagnosis but aneurysm size is not always a good predictor of rupture. Thus, there is an urgent need to find new potential prognostic factors. Our aim is to determine whether a battery of immune, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, previously described to be involved in other cardiovascular diseases, may be used as potential biomarkers to provide personalized prediction of AAA progression for the clinical practice. Design and method: To address this, human abdominal aneurysmatic aortas (N = 80) and blood samples (N = 94) were obtained from patients undergoing open repair or endovascular surgery repair for AAA, whereas healthy aortas (n = 15) and blood samples (n = 46) were obtained from healthy donors. We studied the immune infiltrate in paraffin sections of human aneurysmatic tissue and quantified IgM and IgG circulating levels in our AAA patient cohort. Circulating levels of ROS, CD38, CD36, GDF15 and S100A4 were measured by ELISA and their tissue expression was studied by real Time PCR and by immunostaining. Potential correlations with the aneurysm diameter or with peak wall stress, determined by finite element analysis, were measured by the Pearson product-moment correlation. Results: Our study shows for the first time the alteration of IgM, IgG, ROS, CD38, GDF15 and S100A4 levels in plasma and in aneurysmatic tissue of AAA patients in comparison with controls. After performing the corresponding statistical analysis we could exclude age and sex as confounding factors of our current observations. Circulating levels of IgG, CD38 and GDF15 were positively correlated with abdominal aortic diameter and peak wall stress. Conclusions: Our data indicate that IgG, CD38 and GDF15 may have potential to aid AAA prognosis as indicators of the progression of the aneurysm growth.

Complex Vascular Reconstruction following Resection of a Large Retroperitoneal Teratoma

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a common malignancy in males, with variations in differentiation making different therapeutic strategies necessary. Generally, GCTs show good curation rates due to their good response to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. However, certain subtypes are resistant to these therapies and require surgery. We present a case of a 25-year-old patient with a large retroperitoneal GCT with somatic malignant transformation, where resection of large abdominal blood vessels with complex reconstruction was necessary to completely remove the tumor. The tumor was completely resected, and the patient has since been recurrence-free in the follow-up period. GCTs with somatic transformation show high resistance rates to chemo- and radiotherapy, and the patient in the presented case study did indeed show only a limited response to carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients suffering from these conditions should be resected whenever possible, as curation can be achieved by complete tumor resection. Infiltration of neighboring structures is no contraindication to surgery. The case presented here shows that interdisciplinary surgical planning including vascular and general surgeons as well as radiologists is vital to ensure successful tumor resection.

Low Muscular Strength, Weight Status, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.

To investigate the association between muscular strength and metabolic syndrome (MetS), with a specific focus on the role of weight status, using a nationally representative sample of US youth. The analysis included 409 boys and 415 girls from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 12 and 18years of age. The prevalence of MetS was defined using age- and sex-specific criteria for abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Strength was assessed via handgrip dynamometer and expressed as age- and sex-specific z scores of relative strength. Low strength was defined as a relative strength below the 25th percentile. Analyses controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, physical activity, and weight status. The sample prevalence of MetS was approximately 5.3%. However, MetS prevalence was 18.5% in overweight/obese youth with low strength. The adjusted odds of MetS were 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-6.3, P < .001) times higher for overweight/obese youth with low strength versus sufficient strength. Muscular strength is predictive of adolescent MetS, specifically in those with unhealthy weight status. Approximately one in 5 overweight/obese youth with low strength had MetS. These findings highlight the relevance of muscular strength in youth cardiometabolic morbidities.

The Impact of Gastric Bypass on Telomere Length and Shelterin Complex Gene Expression: 6 Months Prospective Study.

Telomeres are structures located at the ends of chromosomes associated with a protein complex, known as the shelterin complex. In individuals with obesity, excess adipose tissue plays a key role in inducing a chronic and systemic inflammatory state, which can cause TL shortening. In this context, bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatment modalities in improving metabolic control. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate how a short postoperative period of gastric bypass affects TL and expression of POT1, TRF1 and TRF2 genes. Forty-eight women submitted to RYGB were evaluated before and after 6 months of the surgical procedure. Anthropometric measures of body weight and height (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC), body composition, food intake and blood collection for biochemical evaluation, TL analysis (DNA), and gene expression (RNA) were collected at each moment. There was a reduction of weight, BMI, AC, FM and FFM as well as of glycemia, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides after gastric bypass. No difference in energy intake and macronutrients consumption was observed. There was no significant change in TL, but there was a significant increase of POT1 and TRF1 gene expression after surgery, while TRF2 expression did not change. Despite bariatric surgery is not capable of increasing telomere length in a short-term period, no reduction is observed; additionally, we found a correlation between serum triglycerides concentration and TL. The increase of POT1 and TRF1 gene expression may explain the maintenance of the TL after 6 months postoperative period.

Efficacy and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease with unclear etiology occurring in the colonic mucosa. Its clinical manifestations are characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucous pus, and blood stool. The severity of the disease varies, and itis characterized by a high recurrence rate. Because of its long course of disease, easy to relapse, protracted and difficult to recover, seriously affect the quality of life, increase the economic burden of patients and society, and even the risk of developing cancer, it has become one of the hot issues of general concern in the medical field. Heat-sensitive moxibustion therapy has shown strong advantages in the treatment of UC, and the curative effect is accurate. therefore, this paper will carry out a systematic evaluation and meta analysis of the efficacy and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of UC.Methods:We will be searching 8 electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. We will search above electronic databases from the beginning to December 2020, without any language restriction. Clinical efficacy, including total effective rate or cure rate, clinical symptom integral (abdominal pain, diarrhea, purulent stool), and recurrence rate will be accepted as the primary outcomes. The changes of cytokine Hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-αlevels in serum, and improvement of colorectal mucosa will be used as secondary outcomes. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. The result about the curative effect and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion for UC will be presented as risk ratio for dichotomous data and mean differences with a 95% confidence interval for continuous data.Results:When this research program is completed, the relevant results can be obtained.Conclusions:The results of this study will provide reliable evidence for the efficacy and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of UC.INPLASY Registration number:INPLASY20201101034.

The effects of maternal position, in late gestation pregnancy, on placental blood flow and oxygenation: an MRI study.

Maternal supine sleep position in late pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Maternal supine position in late pregnancy reduces maternal cardiac output and uterine blood flow. Using MRI, this study shows that compared to the left lateral position, maternal supine position in late pregnancy is associated with reduced utero-placental blood flow and oxygen transfer across the placenta with an average 6.2% reduction in oxygen delivery to the fetus and an average 11% reduction in fetal umbilical venous blood flow. Maternal sleep position in late gestation is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, though the pathophysiological reasons for this are unclear. Studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown that compared with lateral positions, lying supine causes a reduction in cardiac output, reduced abdominal aortic blood flow and reduced vena caval flow which is only partially compensated for by increased flow in the azygos venous system. Using functional MRI techniques, including an acquisition termed diffusion-relaxation combined imaging of the placenta (DECIDE), which combines diffusion weighted imaging and T2 relaxometry, blood flow and oxygen transfer were estimated in the maternal, fetal and placental compartments when subjects were scanned both supine and in left lateral positions. In late gestation pregnancy, lying supine caused a 23.7% (P<0.0001) reduction in total internal iliac arterial blood flow to the uterus. In addition, lying in the supine position caused a 6.2% (P=0.038) reduction in oxygen movement across the placenta. The reductions in oxygen transfer to the fetus, termed delivery flux, of 11.2% (P=0.0597) and in fetal oxygen saturation of 4.4% (P=0.0793) did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that even in healthy late gestation pregnancy, maternal position significantly affects oxygen transfer across the placenta and may in part provide an explanation for late stillbirth in vulnerable fetuses.

Time-Restricted Eating and Metabolic Syndrome: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurs in ~30% of adults and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. MetS reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors including central obesity, elevated fasting plasma glucose, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure. Erratic eating patterns such as eating over a prolonged period per day and irregular meal timing are common in patients with MetS. Misalignment between daily rhythms of food intake and circadian timing system can contribute to circadian rhythm disruption which results in abnormal metabolic regulation and adversely impacts cardiometabolic health. Novel approaches which aim at restoring robust circadian rhythms through modification of timing and duration of daily eating represent a promising strategy for patients with MetS. Restricting eating period during a day (time-restricted eating, TRE) can aid in mitigating circadian disruption and improving cardiometabolic outcomes. Previous pilot TRE study of patients with MetS showed the feasibility of TRE and improvements in body weight and fat, abdominal obesity, atherogenic lipids, and blood pressure, which were observed despite no overt attempt to change diet quantity and quality or physical activity. The present article aims at giving an overview of TRE human studies of individuals with MetS or its components, summarizing current clinical evidence for improving cardiometabolic health through TRE intervention in these populations, and presenting future perspectives for an implementation of TRE to treat and prevent MetS. Previous TRE trials laid the groundwork and indicate a need for further clinical research including large-scale controlled trials to determine TRE efficacy for reducing long-term cardiometabolic risk, providing tools for sustained lifestyle changes and, ultimately, improving overall health in individuals with MetS.

Simiao Qingwen Baidu decoction inhibits Epstein–Barr virus-induced B lymphoproliferative disease and lytic viral replication

Context Simiao Qingwen Baidu decoction (SQBD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, can ameliorate Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) induced disease. However, its mechanism still remains unknown. Objective To detect the mechanism of SQBD in EBV-induced B lymphoproliferative disease in vitro. Materials and methods Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (n = 20) were given SQBD (10 mL/kg) by gavage once a day for 7 d. SQBD-containing serum was obtained from abdominal aortic blood of rats, and diluted with medium to obtain 5%, 10% or 20%-medicated serum. SD rats (n = 10) were given normal saline, and normal serum was collected as a control. EBV-transformed B cells (CGM1) were cultured in medium containing 5%, 10% or 20%-medicated serum. CGM1 cells were treated with normal serum as a control. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined. The expression and activity of proteins were assessed. Results We found that IC50 (83 ± 26.07%, 24 h; 69.88 ± 4.69%, 48 h) of 10% medicated serum was higher than that of 5% (25.47 ± 6.98%, 24 h; 21.62 ± 7.30%, 48 h) and 20%-medicated serum (51 ± 7.25%, 24 h; 56.03 ± 2.56%, 48 h). Moreover, SQBD promoted apoptosis of CGM1 cells by regulating EBV latency proteins expression. SQBD inhibited EBV-induced lytic viral replication. Conclusions Our data confirmed that SQBD inhibits EBV-induced B lymphoproliferative disease and lytic viral replication. This work provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of SQBD in EBV-induced B lymphoproliferative disease, and SQBD may be an effectively therapeutic drug for EBV-induced B lymphoproliferative disease.

Assessment of Physical Activity Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Background Metabolic Syndrome MetS is a cluster of conditions like abdominal obesity elevated blood glucose level elevated blood pressure and dyslipidemia which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases CVDs. MetS is often associated with poorer health related quality of life.Objective The main objective of the study was to assess physical activity PA levels in MetS patients by administering International physical activity questionnaire IPAQ.MethodologyA six month prospective study was carried out in 156 patients of either gender in the age group 18-70 years attending a tertiary care hospital. The data was collected from patient case sheets and recorded in self designed data collection form. The PA was assessed by using IPAQ. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to analyse data.Results The occurrence of MetS was higher in males 61.54 than in females 38.46. The maximum number of patients were in the age group 51-70 years and they were having low PA. It was observed that males had higher total scores in almost all the domains Work transportation domestic and leisure time when compared to females.Conclusion Physical activity assessment is important to educate the patients regarding the impact of lifestyle in control of complications arising due to MetS.

Effects of dietary fat source and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract on genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses in female broiler chickens

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fat sources and green tea extract (GTE) on gene expression associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation in broiler chicken. A total of 300 female Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to six dietary treatments in a completely randomised design with a factorial arrangement of two levels of GTE (0 and 500 mg/kg diet) × three levels of fat inclusion [without fat (control group), soybean oil (SO) and tallow (Ta)]. Liver fat (LF), liver methallothionin (LMT) content, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL-6)] genes expression were investigated. Relative expression and statistical analyses of genes expression were assessed using REST software. The effect of added dietary fats was significant and improved performance parameters compared to the control group (p < .05). The highest abdominal fat and blood triglyceride, and the lowest carcase yield, were achieved in chicks fed SO-supplemented diet (p < .05). Chicks fed a diet supplemented with SO showed an overexpression and a decrease of LPL and ATGL compared to the Ta-supplemented and control groups, respectively (p < .05). GTE supplementation was effective on LPL and ATGL expression and ameliorated the effect of SO on abdominal fat percentage. TNF-α expression, LMT content, and relative weight of lymphoid organs were affected neither by GTE nor by the fat sources. There was no detection of IL-6 gene expression in adipose tissue. The results of this study demonstrated that diets rich in SO were capable increase fat deposition by an increase and decrease in LPL and ATGL gene expression, respectively. However inclusion of GTE in broiler diets alleviated the LPL-increasing and ATGL-reducing effects of SO and ameliorated the effect of SO on abdominal fat mass. Highlights Diets supplemented with SO increased abdominal fat mass by changes in LPL and ATGL gene expression. Obesity was not effective in the expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-6), indicating a lack of connection between inflammation and obesity in broiler chicken. GTE (500 mg/kg diet) addition to the diets supplemented with SO ameliorated the effect of SO on LPL and ATGL gene expression and abdominal fat mass.

A new approach for open surgery on the abdominal aorta and iliac blood vessels – Piljic Method

A new approach for open surgery on the abdominal aorta and iliac blood vessels – Piljic Method

Intusscuception in an infant - A case report

Intussusception is characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting and blood in stools. However, in younger infants it may present with non-classical symptoms such as listlessness, decreased feeding, and being non-specifically unwell. A Case of intussusception confirmed with the help of an abdominal ultrasound in 5 month old male infant who presented with irritable cry, spasmodic pain, and not taking feeds properly. The purpose of presenting this paper is to suggest a clinical diagnosis of intussusception, and to bring about the awareness of intussusception common in weaning period of very young infants and the latest treatment available which was so simple procedure without any complication and surgery. Keywords: Intussusception, Weaning, Spasmodic.

The role of hyperosmolar solutions in the physician’s practice

Background. The goal of infusion therapy (IT) is to maintain central euvolemia without excess sodium and water. The term “restrictive IT”, which allows hypovolemia, should be replaced by the term “IT with a zero balance”. Individualized targeted IT involves monitoring cardiac output, optimizing stroke volume, and preventing episodes of hypovolemia. Less stringent restrictions on preoperative nutrition contribute to better control of hemodynamic parameters.&#x0D; Objective. To describe the role of hyperosmolar solutions in the physician’s practice.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this issue.&#x0D; Results and discussion. Support of perioperative euvolemia is the basis of the concept of enhanced recovery and improvement of the surgery outcomes. Clinical indices of tissue perfusion adequacy include mean blood pressure, central and abdominal perfusion pressure, diuresis, consciousness level, skin perfusion, lactate and blood pH, etc. Each patient with suspected hypovolemia should be physically examined with an emphasis on searching for bleeding, dehydration, and other causes of hypovolemia. Fluid deficiency should be compensated before surgery. Hyperhydration must also be detected and eliminated timely, as the diagnosis and prediction of pulmonary edema are difficult. There are 4 phases in IT of shock: rescue (achieving blood pressure and cardiac output required for survival), optimization (ensuring sufficient oxygen delivery and lactate control), stabilization (preventing organ dysfunction after achieving hemodynamic stability), and de-escalation (ensuring negative fluid balance). In resuscitation of patients with sepsis and septic shock, the use of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is not recommended; crystalloids should be preferred over gelatin. If HES were still prescribed, their introduction should be stopped if there are signs of kidney damage or signs of coagulopathy. It is also proposed not to administer hyperoncotic solutions to critically ill patients outside of clinical trials. New colloidal solutions should be introduced into clinical practice only after the establishment of safety for the patient. Following an appeal by HES-manufacturing companies, the Pharmacovigilance and Risk Assessment Committee of the European Medicines Agency stated that HES could be used for massive bleeding at the discretion of the chief physician. Continued use of HES in the postoperative period should be further investigated, including monitoring of renal function for 90 days. In general, the use of HES in clinical practice remains relevant in conditions such as massive bleeding or penetrating trauma, as well as for preloading before regional anesthesia and IT of critical conditions without the risk of bleeding. Modern HES should be used and the dose should not exceed 30 ml/kg. The benefits of preoperative targeted preload optimization using HES are beyond doubt, while recommendations for the overall hazard of these solutions are debatable and inconclusive. The volume of injected solutions should be monitored during IT, as infusion of large volumes of crystalloids may cause pulmonary edema and large volumes of 0.9 % NaCl may lead to the development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Hypertonic solutions have been shown to be effective in reducing the number of abdominal complications of pancreatoduodenectomy, reducing the length of stay on mechanical ventilation in patients with hemorrhagic shock, and in a number of other interventions. Fluid resuscitation with a small volume of hypertonic saline after damage control operations significantly reduces the length of stay in the intensive care unit, decreases the likelihood of acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and multiple organ failure, reduces 30-day mortality. In patients with brain injuries, hypertonic solutions reduce intracranial pressure and help to balance the fibrinolysis system by reducing secondary brain damage. Unfortunately, most (60 %) of the solutions on the market are unbalanced (Hohn R., 2014). The reasons for this include lower cost of the latter, the lack of understanding of the benefits of alternatives by doctors, the lack of awareness of the seriousness of these solutions’ disadvantages. Due to the risk of acidosis on the background of unbalanced solutions, chloride-restrictive IT should be followed. Hyperosmolar balanced solution Reosorbilact (“Yuria-Pharm”) helps to activate the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to increased blood pressure, decreased diuresis, adrenaline release and increase of circulating blood volume by contracting the spleen. Reosorbilact quickly normalizes hemodynamic parameters, microcirculation, laboratory and biochemical parameters, stabilizes and normalizes the function of external respiration and blood circulation. The use of osmotic drugs Reosorbilact and Xylate (“Yuria-Pharm”) is indicated for plasma volume replacement in hypovolemia of various origins.&#x0D; Conclusions. 1. Perioperative euvolemia is the main principle of perioperative IT. 2. It is not recommended to use HES in intensive care. 3. HES remain relevant in acute hypovolemia and blood loss. 4. Balanced hyperosmolar solutions (Reosorbilact) are an alternative to HES in the treatment of patients with multiple organ failure in intensive care units.