50Hz Power Research Articles

50Hz Power Line Interference Removal from anElectrocardiogram Signal Using a VME-DWTBased Frequency Extraction and FilteringApproach

50Hz Power Line Interference Removal from anElectrocardiogram Signal Using a VME-DWTBased Frequency Extraction and FilteringApproach

Design of Single Lead Electrocardiography using Filter Order 3 to Reduce Noise Using Spektrum Analysis Based on Fast Fourier Transform

Electrocardiography (EKG) is a method commonly used to measure the performance of the human heart through the heart's electrical activity. To obtain the ECG signal, a lead is carried out using electrodes attached to the skin surface which are recorded in the frequency range 0.05-150Hz. The characteristics of the ECG signal consist of the PR interval, QRS complex and QT interval, from these waveforms doctors can diagnose a disease. However, to get a quality ECG signal, there are often disturbances, such as interference with the 50Hz frequency from electrical grids, respiratory movements, or it could also be caused by the ECG processing algorithm, so it is feared that an error will occur in the diagnosis. From these problems, an appropriate ECG filter is needed to reduce the error rate in generating a wave and maintain signal quality so that it can be accepted clinically. The purpose of this study is to design an ECG using a 3rd order filter. The input EKG signal is amplified by an instrument amplifier with a gain of 100 times. from a 50Hz power grid a notch filter is made. The results of making a 3rd order filter are able to reduce noise and be able to detect ECG signals properly. It is hoped that this research can be used as a reference for filter design for EKG production.

Design and Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor Using ML-Based Algorithms for EV Application

The need for alternate transportation is driven by the increased fossil fuel cost and the adverse effects of climatic change. Electric vehicles (EVs) are the best option as they have less carbon footprint and reduced dependency on fossil fuels. Prodigious efforts to enhance the efficiency of EVs resulted in the development of highly efficient three-phase induction motors. Difficulties in designing highly efficient induction motors (IM) with high torque and power factors hindered the success of EV applications. Hence, our aim is to diagnosis fault in the designed IM under variable load conditions. The proposed EV motor is designed for 415V, 50Hz, and 5HP output power rating using ANSYS RMxprt simulation software. A fault detection strategy is also implemented with various machine learning (ML) techniques like Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (k-NN), ML perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Gradient boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Deep Learning (DL) for both healthy and faulty conditions. Short Circuit (SC), High Resistance connection (HRC), and Open-Phase circuit (OPC) are considered as faulty states for this study. Motor performance with variable load for all the states healthy and faulty are evaluated through machine learning.

Proof of Concept of an ELF Magnetic Field Exposure System with Biphasic Magnetic Pulses: Effects on Human Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation

The aim of this work was to validate the usefulness of an Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure system with a magnetotherapy device of common use in clinical practice that generates Biphasic Magnetic Pulses (BMP), in order to study the effects of the BMP on the proliferation of Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF). In that regard, HDF were exposed 2h in the morning and 2h in the afternoon for 2 days to BMP of 1.41mT peak value at 5, 10, 25Hz continuous and 50Hz intermittent (2s on/ 1.5s off). MTT assay was performed to assess proliferation. The 10Hz BMP showed a significant decrease in proliferation of 6.6% (p = 0.001) with respect to controls, but no significant changes in proliferation were seen with the other BMP. In order to analyze whether these results could be related to the exposure protocol, a 50Hz power line intermittent signal (1s on/ 1s off) was generated and tested but exposure time was increased to 48h to cover the complete cells doubling time. A significant increase in proliferation of 9% (p < 0.001) was found in this case. The results validate the in vitro exposure system for its use with the BMP. Though the MTT proliferation assay alone is not enough to make definitive claims, the results might indicate that exposure time plays a key role in the outcome of the experiments. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the exposure time on in vitro protocols and how they relate to in vivo experiments and current treatments.

Load current balancing for 4-wire systems using harmonic treated TCR based SVCs

&lt;p&gt;In this paper, a harmonic-treated thyristor-controlled reactor TCR is presented as a linearized harmonic-free compensating susceptance controllable in inductive and capacitive modes. The harmonic-treated TCR is a traditional TCR conditioned in such a manner that it can respond continuously and linearly to capacitive and inductive reactive current demands without noticeable harmonic association or active power contribution. The conditioned configuration is produced by equipping the TCR with self-harmonic suppressing and filtering circuitries, which guarantee harmonic cancellation with minimal no load operating losses. The harmonic treated TCR avoids the need to high power harmonic filters required to treat the harmonics of the traditional TCR. The devised susceptances are used to build a load current balancing system for grounded loads in a 380-V, 50Hz power distribution system. Both the compensating susceptances and the load current balancing system were designed and tested on PSpice. The simulation results have demonstrated the linearity, control continuity, and harmonic cancellation of the proposed harmonic-treated TCR as a fast response compensating susceptance reliable for load current balancing purposes. The proposed load current balancing system revealed superior treatment to various unbalance conditions, thus it is deservedly promoted to have the feasibility of supporting grids having fast varying loads.&lt;/p&gt;

Photovoltaic Maximum Penetration Limits on Medium Voltage Overhead and Underground Cable Distribution Feeders: A Comparative Study

This paper investigates the maximum photovoltaic (PV) penetration limits on both overhead lines and underground cables medium voltage radial distribution system. The maximum PV penetration limit is estimated considering both bus voltage limit (1.05 p.u.) and feeder current ampacity (1 p.u.). All factors affect the max PV penetration limit are investigated in detail. Substation voltage, load percentage, load power factor, and power system frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) are analyzed. The maximum PV penetration limit associated with overhead lines is usually higher than the value associated with the underground cables for high substation voltage (substation voltage = 1.05 and 1.04 p.u.). The maximum PV penetration limit decreases dramatically with low load percentage for both feeder types but still the overhead lines accept PV plant higher than the underground cables. Conversely, the maximum PV penetration increases with load power factor decreasing and the overhead lines capability for hosting PV plant remains higher than the capability of the underground cables. This paper proved that the capability of the 60-Hz power system for hosting the PV plant is higher than the capability of 50 Hz power system. MATLAB software has been employed to obtain all results in this paper. The Newton-Raphson iterative method was the used method to solve the power flow of the investigated systems.

Innovation in Diversification of Various Processed Shells of Northern Coastal Women Craftsmen with High Economical Value in Surabaya Indonesia

A research-based community service program titled Diversified Innovation of Processed Shellfish from Northern Coastal Craftsmen with Economic Value and High Nutrition Potential in the Kulon-Kedung Cowek Cumpat Area Surabaya (1) Mitra1 Ibu Siti Chotimah located at Jl Cumpat Kulon Baru I / 88-Kedung Cowek Surabaya (1) 2) Mitra2 The women of fishermen's wives in the Cumpat Kulon area. Problem: During this time the production and marketing process is very inefficient and ineffective for SMEs that want to improve into a home industry, even though the capacity and high productivity are as follows: 1) to produce various processed shells of Cumpat Kulon-Kedung Cowek Surabaya women who use materials traditional natural spices that are healthy mixing ingredients and spices so far have used manual labor so that the mixing of herbs can not be maximized. 2) To smooth the shells as a superior and basic material is still with a traditional improvised tool in the form of mortar. 3) Marketing is not widely known yet it is superior to the north coast. The solution: 1) the use of a motor-powered mixer machine Specifications:Voltage: 220v Frequency: 50 / 60hz Power: 450 watt Engine Weight: 57 kg Machine diameter: 45 x 36.6 x 60.6 cm 2) use of meat grinder Front hole diameter 9 cm. Upper hole diameter 12 cm. Grinding height 24 cm. meat grinder Front hole diameter 9 cm. Upper hole diameter 12 cm. Grinding height 24 cm. 3) Providing training in creativity and innovation in the manufacture of products from shellfish and e-marketing of coastal products from Kenjeran to partners1 and partners2. Methods: (1) Design, build, maintain, use of a motor-powered mixer machine Specifications: Voltage: 220 frequency: 50/60 Hz Power: 450 watts Machine Weight: 57 kg. Machine diameter: 45 x 36.6 x 60.6 cm (2) Design, build, care for using meat grinder Front hole diameter 9 cm. Upper hole diameter 12 cm. Grinding height 24 cm. (3) Training, practice and mentoring transmit the mindset and behavior of an entrepreneur to students until he behaves and is entrepreneurial for partners1 and partners as well as e-marketing with smartphones.

An Enhanced Fuzzy Rule Based Protection Scheme for TCSC Compensated Double Circuit Transmission System

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a fault detection and faulty phase selection technique for a double-circuit transmission line with thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC). In a transmission system, the nonlinear operation of TCSC during switching modes distorted the voltage and current signals. The effect is more if the fault occurred at zero fault inception angle. An advanced protection approach to overcome these issues based on dynamic phasor estimation of current from local measurements is proposed in this work. The maximum transient component obtained from three phases is used as an index to accomplish the detection task. However, due to the nonlinear operation of different accessories connected to the controller unit such as metal oxide varistor (MOV) and thyristor circuit, identification of the exact faulty phase is still a challenge. To mitigate this issue, fuzzy decision-based rules are framed so that identification of exact faulty phases is possible. For validation, the method is tested on a 400-kV, 50-Hz power system model developed using EMTDC/PSCAD. Results obtained from simulation indicate that the method is reliable and a secure unit protection can be effectively provided to a double-circuit transmission system equipped with TCSC.

The study of time domain denoising for the time-frequency electromagnetic method prospecting data

The time-frequency electromagnetic prospecting system has both the characteristics of frequency sounding and transient electromagnetic sounding system, can obtain apparent resistivity both in frequency domain and time domain, therefore, thus, more accurate and credible geoelectric information can be obtained. After analyzing, there are mainly three typical types of noise in time-frequency electromagnetic observed data, they are 50Hz power frequency and its harmonics interference noise, high-frequency random impulse noise and low frequency interference noise. In view of characteristics of these three types of noise and the time-frequency electromagnetic prospecting signal, we adopted frequency domain band stop filtering method remove the 50 Hz power frequency and its harmonics interference noise, proposed a segmentation and extension median filtering method and a fitting fixed extreme EMD method to remove the high frequency random impulse noise and the low frequency interference noise separately, and proposed a median filtering window size test selection method based on variance and skewness coefficient of sample signal. Moreover, we designed a denoising processing fl ow as handle 50Hz power frequency and its harmonics interference noise at fist step, handle high frequency random impulse noise at second step, handle low frequency interference noise at last step, it can give full advantages of the denoising handling methods. By theoretical analysis and verification by practical observation data experiments, the methods what we adopted and proposed and the processing flow we designed can effectively remove the three types of interference noises effectively and avoid method error, can preserve phase and amplitude information of effective signal accurately, finally, high quality and satisfactory time domain signal waveform can obtained as a result, and lays a good foundation for extracting accurate transient electromagnetic attenuation curve in time domain for the Time-Frequency electromagnetic prospecting data.

Multichannel EEG based inter-ictal seizures detection using Teager energy with backpropagation neural network classifier.

A long-term multichannel electroencephalogram recording plays a crucial role in recognizing the epileptic seizure activities from the brain lobes. This research study investigates the automated detection of epileptic seizures from multichannel electroencephalogram recordings using Teager energy feature. A supervised back-propagation neural network model was implemented to classify the inter-ictal seizures. The study was conducted on multichannel electroencephalogram data that was obtained from Institute of Neuroscience, Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bengaluru, India, after ethical clearance from the from the Institutional Ethics Board. Initially, notch filter was applied to remove the 50Hz power line noise from raw electroencephalogram followed by independent component analysis to remove eye blinks and muscular activities. A time domain feature called Teager energy was estimated which detects the rapid changes in the given electroencephalogram time series. A 1s windowing was introduced to ensure stationarity for estimation of Teager energy. The descriptive and box plot analysis ensures the suitability of the Teager energy for the seizure detection. The performance of the multilayer perceptron neural network classifier was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and false detection rate. Simulation results showed the highest sensitivity, specificity and false detection rate of 96.66%, 99.15%, and 0.30 per hour respectively. It can be concluded that procedure can be applied for real-time seizure detection.

Low Power CMOS Electrocardiogram Amplifier Design for Wearable Cardiac Screening

The trend of health care screening devices in the world is increasingly towards the favor of portability and wearability. This is because these wearable screening devices are not restricting the patient’s freedom and daily activities. While the demand of low power and low cost biomedical system on chip is increasing in exponential way, the front-end electrocardiogram (ECG) amplifiers are still suffering from flicker noise for low frequency cardiac signal acquisition, 50Hz power line electromagnetic interference, and the large unstable input offsets due to the electrode-skin interface is not attached properly. In this paper, a CMOS based ECG amplifier that suitable for low power wearable cardiac screening is proposed. The amplifier adopts the highly stable folded cascode topology and later being implemented into RC feedback circuit for low frequency DC offset cancellation. By using 0.13µm CMOS technology from Silterra, the simulation results show that this front-end circuit can achieve a very low input referred noise of 1pV/Hz1/2 and high common mode rejection ratio of 174.05dB. It also gives voltage gain of 75.45dB with good power supply rejection ratio of 92.12dB. The total power consumption is only 3µW and thus suitable to be implemented with further signal processing and classification back end for low power wearable biomedical device.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

A Clock Oscillator Synchronized with a Power Network

A circuit of a clock oscillator is proposed, whose frequency and phase are synchronized with an industrial 50-Hz power network. The synchronization with the network reduces the effect of network-interference impact on signals of low-power sensors during their reproduction, measurement, and processing. The device, which was built using several STTL chips, is a frequency multiplier that is based on a phase-synchronization system with a frequency divider in the feedback loop. Due to the phase–frequency principle of the error-signal formation, the danger of capture at multiple frequencies is eliminated and an extended synchronization band is achieved without parasitic frequency modulation of the generated pulses. The device is powered with a +5-V source and has a synchronization band of ±25% of the rated network frequency. The frequency multiplying factor, which in the described embodiment is 65536 (the clock frequency is 3276.8 kHz), can be set arbitrarily via a conjugate change of the frequency-divider modulus and the oscillator center frequency.

A Centralized Strong Seismic Oscillation Monitoring System

Strong seismic oscillation response characteristics of Wind Power Tower and Dam are important basis for rapid assessment the damage of such structure after earthquake; Strong seismic oscillation monitoring is also an important part of this Power station structure’s safety monitoring system. However, the existing strong seismic oscillation monitoring system has some defects, such as high cost of equipment and maintenance, automation analysis ability is not strong and electromagnetic interference is weak. A new centralized strong seismic oscillation monitoring system is designed in this paper: First of all, we designed a centralized strong seismic oscillation monitoring recorder which has 24 channels and designed a kind of waterproof accelerometer. Then, a practical and effective solution is proposed for the common 50Hz power frequency interference and error triggering. Finally, we design a set of remote data receiving and on-line analysis software, which can automatic analysis and report timely, it is easy to management too. Compared to the traditional distributed strong seismic oscillation monitoring system, this new system has the advantages of low equipment cost, unattended, automatic processing of strong seismic oscillation monitoring events, small probability of false triggering, the parameters such as intensity can be timely reported, and it can also achieve the interaction with smart phones through SMS, e-mail. This new centralized system has been deployed in a plurality of Water Power Stations and Wind Power Stations. Recently several strong earthquake events have verified the main characteristics and reliability of this system.

Case Study:Performance of Power Line Communications under Various Loads Conditions

The widespread and availability of electrical network, attracts the attention of engineers to use this vast network as communication media to transmit and receive data over 50 Hz or 60Hz power line, this technology is known Power Line Communications. This technology enables the two-ways communications which will helps in effective monitoring and controlling of grid resources makes our electrical gird into smart electrical grid. This paper reports the performance of Power Line Communications under various conditions such as type of electrical and electronics appliances, distance between PLC transmitter and receiver, distance from appliance to PLC receiver, frequency of operation etc. Experimental setup is made using server-client communication where DLMS Energy meter simulator acts as client and DLMS Explorer as server.

Elimination of power line interference from ECG signals using recurrent neural networks.

This study proposed a method for the elimination of 50-Hz power line interference (PLI) in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, using recurrent neural networks (RNN). The method is to preliminarily train an RNN-based model to obtain the signal pattern of PLI. The ECG signals are then filtered by subtracting the PLI signals extracted by the trained model. The results suggest that the proposed method could significantly relieve the distortion of QRS complex while filtering the ECG signals efficiently. The method was evaluated by comparing with a traditional IIR notch filter and an adaptive filtering method.

Damage-free surface treatment of polyethersulfone films using magnetized plasma generated by low-frequency (60 Hz) power

ABSTRACTSurface treatments of polyethersulfone (PES) films were performed using the magnetized plasma generated by low-frequency (60Hz) power for applying them to the flexible substrates of solar cells and electronic displays. The contact angle between the water droplet and PES films was observed to change from 80° to 30° after the plasma treatment. This indicates that the surface of the PES films changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The surface roughness of the films did not change after the plasma treatment, and this indicates that the magnetized plasma did not damage the surface of the films. The trapping of energetic particles by the magnetic field is thought to be responsible for this result. It is concluded that the plasma treatment by using the magnetized plasma is useful for the surface modification of the polymeric materials suitable for flexible substrates of solar cells and electronic displays.

北陸新幹線ATC装置に対する異周波妨害対策の検証試験

The Hokuriku Shinkansen line is driven by an AC traction system. Its characteristic feature is that the line consists 50Hz and 60Hz power frequency sections. In the linking section, where two different frequencies of the AC feeding system meet, the induced current causes electromagnetic interference with the ATP system.

Design of a Real-Time ECG Filter for Portable Mobile Medical Systems

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a direct and effective way to find cardiovascular disease timely, which can intuitively reflect changes of the heart beat and activities of different parts. Due to the noise interference from surroundings, acquisition of real-time and high-quality ECG signal is a big challenge for portable mobile medical systems. Integer coefficients infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filter is suitable for portable mobile platform, but it will be a little bit of distortion. So, an improved integer IIR filter for portable ECG monitors is presented in this paper. The proposed IIR filter can instantaneously and effectively eliminate baseline drift of main interference frequency band and 50-Hz power frequency interference in ECG signal. The method is verified by a specific example and MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database. The improved integer coefficients IIR filter was applied in a portable mobile medical system. It can meet the requirements of ECG filtering in real-time and filtering performance.

전력구 내 지중선을 이용한 2W급 상용주파수 무선전력 수신장치 개발

전력구 내 지중선을 이용한 2W급 상용주파수 무선전력 수신장치 개발

Laboratory with highest impulse current and 50 Hz-short-current parameters specially designed for the qualification-testing of SPDs

The “class I and II operating duty tests” according to IEC/EN 61643-11 is an essential test for the qualification of surge protective devices (SPDs) connected to low-voltage power systems (LVPS). To perform this test a setup is required which offers the possibility to stress the SPD with defined surge-current impulses while it is connected to a power supply simulating the characteristic of the real LVPS in which the SPD should operate. In this regard, a new test facility is designed and constructed. One of its feature is a 50Hz power system (PS) which provides unique fine adjustment possibilities for the test voltage, the short-circuit current and the power factor in a wide range of values. Its technical design and performance are described and discussed in detail. Furthermore, the technical implementation of the required coupling of this PS with a surge-current generator is presented. This addresses technical measures to protect the PS against electrical stress due to partial surge currents which can occur under certain circumstances during the above mentioned test procedure. Finally, test results obtained from lightning current arresters are presented to demonstrate the performance of the test facility.