5th Minute Research Articles

Effects of total intravenous anesthesia using ketamine and propofol combinations on physiological and anesthetic parameters in xylazine-premedicated mixed-breed dogs

The physiological effects of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using three different combinations of ketamine and propofol (“ketofol”) at 1:1 (KP1), 1:2 (KP2) and 1:3 (KP3) in nine xylazine-premedicated adult mixedbred dogs were assessed. The dogs weighing 13.6 ± 2.7 kg were divided into three treatment groups in a repeated crossover experiment. A single bolus injection was used for induction, whereas constant rate infusion (CRI) was utilized for maintenance of anesthesia. All combinations lowered the respiration rates with no variations among the protocols (p=0.197). Within protocols, the rate was significantly lower than the preinduction values at the 30th (p=0.019) and 40th (p=0.041) minutes in KP1 and at the 30th minute (p=0.038) in KP2. The pulse rate was within the normal physiological range, with no differences between protocols (p=0.062); however, within protocols, the rate was significantly lower after the 30th minute in KP1 and after the 15th minute in KP2 postinduction. The temperature was within the normal physiological range but relatively higher in KP1 (p<0.001), with no differences among the protocols during maintenance (p=0.925). The oxygen saturation was generally low and did not differ significantly among the groups (p=0.542). The induction and recovery qualities were rapid and smooth, respectively, in all treatments. In all the treatments, apneustic breathing was the most common side effect. In conclusion, all ketofol ratios can be used in mixedbred dogs; however, the 1:3 (KP3) combination had relatively more stable physiological parameters, fewer side effects and quicker recovery.

Enhancing Sleep Quantity and Quality with a Novel GABAergic Dietary Supplement

Purpose: The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of BH_SLP_01 (Bonafide Health Sleep Product) on sleep quality and brain wave patterns using a caffeine-induced insomnia model, and on sleep duration and latency using a pentobarbital-induced sleep model. Methods: Five male BALB/c mice were allocated per treatment arm (age: 8 weeks, body mass: 180 ± 20 g). Treatment arms included control, caffeine or phenobarbital (active) control, and BH_SLP_01. Caffeine treatment model. To induce sleep disturbance, 7.5 mg/kg caffeine was injected intraperitoneally at the 15th minute (min) of recordings, and second injections (saline or combinations) were performed at the 30th minute. Brain electrical activity was monitored and recorded for a total of two hours using electrocorticography (ECoG) recording. Serum melatonin, serotonin, and dopamine were measured by ELISA. Brain levels of MDA were measured by HPLC, and protein concentrations were determined using Western Blot analysis. Phenobarbital treatment model Groups were administered saline or BH_SLP_01, and then, 45 min later, pentobarbital (42 mg/kg) was injected. After injection, sleep latency and duration were measured. Study treatments were compared using an ANOVA and Student's unpaired t-test. Significance levels were set at p<0.05. Results: Analysis of ECoG recording data revealed notable findings. In the caffeine-pretreated group, a significant increase in amplitude was observed during the 30-45 min interval, compared to control. Caffeine administration also significantly increased frequency at 75-90 and 90-105 min compared to control (p<0.05). Conversely, the group treated with BH_SLP_01 displayed no significant changes in amplitude and frequency, except for a significant change in frequency at 90-105 min compared to control (p<0.05). Both sleep duration and sleep latency were significantly improved for BH_SLP_01 compared to control and phenobarbital control (p<0.05). In addition, serotonin, dopamine, melatonin, GABAA R2, GABAB R1, GABAB R2, 5-HT1A, GluA1, GluN1, GluN2A, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 levels were significantly improved by BH_SLP_01 compared to control and caffeine control (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of these studies provide evidence for the effcacy of BH_SLP_01 to improve impaired sleep, leading to notable enhancements in markers of deep sleep. This conclusion is supported by the significant upregulation of GABA, glutamine receptors, and endogenous melatonin, all of which collectively contribute to the augmentation of both sleep quantity and quality. These findings underscore the potential of BH_SLP_01 as a promising therapeutic intervention for optimizing sleep parameters and promoting overall sleep wellness. This research was supported by Bonafide Health, LLC. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The Effect of Virtual Reality, Music Therapy, and Stress Ball Application on Pain and Anxiety During Outpatient Gynecological Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of virtual reality, music therapy, and stress ball applications, which are methods of distraction, on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during outpatient gynecological procedures. DesignThis study was a randomized controlled trial with control and intervention groups, pre-test and post-test. MethodsThe study was conducted with 200 women who underwent gynecological surgical procedures without sedation in a state hospital on the European side of Istanbul between October 2022 and March 2023. There were four groups in the study: Virtual Reality (n = 50), Music Therapy (n = 50), Stress Ball (n = 50), and Control group (n = 50). Data were collected using a Descriptive Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Life Information Follow-up Form, and Patient Satisfaction Evaluation Form. The scales were completed separately by the investigator before the procedure, 10 minutes after the procedure, and 1 hour after the procedure. FindingsA statistically significant difference between the intervention groups and control groups of women who underwent a gynecological procedure at the 10th minute after the procedure (P=.000) and at the 1st hour after the procedure (P=.000) was significant. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of women by groups decreased after the procedure and showed a statistically significant difference (P =.000). Satisfaction scores of the women with the intervention according to the groups also showed a significant difference (P =.000). When the satisfaction scores of the women with the intervention were compared by groups, the satisfaction scores ranged from the highest to the lowest, as virtual reality, music therapy, and stress ball application, respectively. ConclusionsVirtual reality, music therapy, and stress ball applications, which are methods of distraction during the outpatient gynecological procedure, were effective in reducing anxiety and pain and increasing patient satisfaction.

Effectiveness of cellulose acetate composite membrane with the addition of zeolite additives to reduce TDS levels in peat water using a cross-flow reactor

The need for clean water continues to increase along with population and industrial growth, which causes a water crisis. Quantitatively, peat water has the potential to be managed as a source of clean water using membrane filtration. This study aims to compare the composition of the cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membrane in reducing TDS levels in peat water using a cross-flow reactor. Cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membranes were prepared by phase inversion technique using 15 wt.% cellulose acetate (CA), with variations in zeolite concentration (5%; 10%; 15%; 20% and 25%), contact time (20, 40 and 60 minutes), the reactor pressure was 1.5 bar, and the TDS concentration in the feed water was 1,201 mg/L. Membrane characterization was done through morphological analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and tensile test analysis. Membrane performance is determined through permselectivity and permeability testing. The results showed that the highest flux value was obtained on a 5% cellulose acetate-zeolite membrane at the 20th minute, namely 78.8 L/m2.hour. The best composition was obtained on a 25% cellulose acetate-zeolite membrane with a tensile strength value of 54.089 MPa and a rejection value of 92%. Morphological characterization showed that the pore size of the cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membrane decreased after use because TDS particles covered it.

Predictive significance of intraprostatic volumetric parameters derived from early and standard time 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients.

To investigate the relationship between intraprostatic 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) uptake values and volumetric parameters derived from early pelvic and standard-time whole-body 68Ga-PSMA PET/computed tomography (CT) images in untreated prostate cancer (PCa) patients, and to assess the predictive significance of these data in relation to disease prognosis, comparing them with the Gleason score, clinical risk classification and the presence of metastatic disease detected in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging. Eighty-one newly diagnosed PCa patients underwent early phase pelvic imaging at the 5th minute and standard time whole-body imaging at the 60th minute. Various threshold values were used in intraprostatic delineations to compute maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), intraprostatic PSMA tumor volume and intraprostatic total lesion PSMA uptake. Correlations between early and standard time measurements, as well as changes in SUV parameters over time, were examined. The association of these values with Gleason score, clinical risk status (National Comprehensive Cancer Network), and metastatic disease was explored. SUVmax measurements from both early and standard time images distinguished all three groups (clinical risk scores, Gleason score and metastatic group), with standard imaging demonstrating statistical superiority in receiver operating characteristic analyses. Strong correlations were observed between early and standard-time PET parameters. Changes in intraprostatic SUVmax and SUVmean values over time did not exhibit predictive value. Although intraprostatic PSMA PET parameters generally aligned at both early and standard times, parameters obtained from standard time images showed more robust correlations with clinical risk scores, Gleason score and metastasis status in newly diagnosed, untreated PCa patients.

Simple Measurement of Conductivity of Colored Acrylic Sheets

In many applications, colored acrylic sheets require information on thermal conductivity values. However, thermal conductivity data has not been found in the literature and research publications, especially colored acrylic sheets. The purpose of this study was to investigate the heat conductivity value of colored acrylic sheets including transparent, cloudy, white, black, green and blue colors found in the market. This research was done with the experimental method of measuring the thermal conductivity of colored acrylic in a closed room four rectangles 80 cm x 40 cm x 40cm of 9 mm plywood coated with black paper and divided into two compartments and test material 40 cm x 40 cm x 0.3cm as patisi room. The heat source used is a 75watt incandescent lamp placed on one side of the room. Acrylic thermal conductivity is calculated based on temperature data at each measurement point reaching a steady state which is obtained at the 30th minute and taking into account the convection heat and air radiation in the test chamber. The results showed that pigment additives greatly affect the thermal conductivity value of acrylic and its value is lower than the conductivity value of acrylic colorless sheet transfaran.

Association between Fish Consumption during Pregnancy and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Statistical Study in Southern Italy.

Background: This research aimed to evaluate the association between the monthly consumption of fish (differentiated by type) and both gestational and neonatal outcomes. Methods: Women who were admitted for delivery in the last 6 months of 2023 were prospectively included and divided according to type of fish consumed (based on DHA and mercury content) and frequency of consumption. Neonatal outcomes included weight, length, head circumference, and 1st and 5th minute Apgar scores. Maternal outcomes were threats of abortion, preterm birth, gestational diabetes and hypertension, cesarean section, and differential body mass index (BMI). Results: Small-size oily fish with high DHA and low mercury content (type B fish) consumption was positively associated with neonatal weight and head circumference, and less weight gain in pregnancy. It was also significantly associated with lower incidences of gestational diabetes and hypertension, and cesarean section. Correlation between differential BMI and monthly consumption of fish resulted in statistical significance, especially in type B fish consumers. Conclusions: The consumption of type B fish was significantly associated with increased neonatal weight and head circumference and better maternal outcomes.

Evaluation of the Anesthetic Properties of Dexmedetomidine and Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine Combination and the Properties of Atipamezole as a Reversal Agent in Domestic Pigeons

The aim of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of dexmedetomidine and ketamine alone and dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination and the effects of α2 adrenergic reversal atipamezole in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). In DX group, dexmedetomidine (80 μg/kg), in K group, ketamine (100 mg/kg) alone, in DXK group, dexmedetomidine (40 μg/kg) and ketamine (50 mg/kg) consecutively were administered intramuscularly (IM). Anesthetic depth and cardiopulmonary symptoms were monitored starting from the pre-injection moment (T0) till the 60th minute (T60). At T60, atipamezole at a dosage 4 times that of dexmedetomidine was injected intramuscularly to the DX group (320 μg/kg) and the DXK group (160 μg/kg). In the DX group, only minimal sedation, bradycardia, and a sudden drop in respiratory rate were seen (P<0.05). The cardiopulmonary parameter values in the DXK group were affected to a less-er extent compared to the DK group. In the DXK group, 22.47±0.64 minutes after atipamezole injection, all pigeons were on their feet. As a result, it was concluded that dexmedetomidine (80 μg/kg) alone should not be used in pigeons, and if it is needed to be used, cardiopulmonary parameters should be carefully monitored peri-anesthetically. Dexmedetomidine (40 μg/kg) and ketamine (50 mg/kg) can be used in clinical practices that require a moderate level of anesthesia. Atipamezole can safely be used at 4 times the dosage of dexmedetomidine in pigeons.

Effect of breed and sex on the body weight, slaughter traits, meat quality and meat texture parameters of rabbits

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of breed on the growth, slaughter traits, quality traits and parameters of texture of meat obtained from Blanc de Termonde and Flemish Giant rabbits. Young animals were weaned on the 35th day of their life. The weight of animals was recorded from birth to the 84th day of life at 7-day intervals. The rabbits were slaughtered between 85th and 90th day of live. Hot carcass weight, chilled carcass weight and giblets weight (liver, lung and heart, kidneys) were recorded. The pH and the colour of the longissimus lumborum and biceps femoris muscles was measured in 45th minute and at 24 hours after slaughter. Shear force and texture parameters were measured. Flemish Giant achieve higher final body weight but lower dressing out percentage than Blanc de Termonde rabbits. Carcasses of Blanc de Termonde characterized with higher loin weight and fat content in carcass. The effect of breed fount to be significant for some components of meat colour like yellowness (b*) in 45th minute and lightness after 24 hours post mortem. The effect of sex found to be significant for acidity of meat and b* component in 45th minute after slaughter and on redness (a*) after 24 hours post mortem. Statistically significant differences between Flemish Giant and Blanc de Termonde rabbits in shear force and texture profile analysis (TPA) were stated. The sex of animals effected only on chewiness parameter for TPA of rabbit meat.

Показники ротаційної тромбоеластометрії при передчасних пологах

Disrupted maternal, placental, and/or fetal hemostasis leads to gestational disorders, including preterm birth (PR). A quick and convenient assessment of the coagulation profile is important for a premature newborn. Aim - to compare the indicators of hemostasis in mothers and newborns with different gestational ages using rotational thromboelastometry. Materials and methods. The study analyzed the indicators of the hemostatic profile in women in labor and their newborns using the fib-tem test on the ROTEM® delta device. Three groups of mothers and their newborns were studied: the Group I - at a gestation period of 37-41 weeks, the Group II - 28-34 weeks, the Group III - 22-27 weeks. Results. In the Group III prematures, blood clotting time (257.1±87.29ʺ) is longer than that of the Group I - 43.3±21.48ʺ and the Group II - 52.5±25.03ʺ. Angle α is larger in the Group I and the Group II - 47.6±12.49; 79.9±4.62; 76.7±4.84 (degrees). Amplitudes of contraction (5, 10 min, maximum) of the Group II are lower than the Group I by 10-22%. In the Group III, the amplitudes correlate with the concentration of fibrinogen up to 2 g/l - 4.6±1.39; 8.0±3.00; 7.9±5.56 (mm). The smallest lysis in the Group III (1.8±2.38%) versus the Group I and the Group II (17.1±2.34%, 8.1±2.50%. Maternal indicators of the amplitude of the coagulation are higher at a shorter gestational age. Conclusions. Maternal indicators of the amplitude of coagulation exceed the indicators of newborns by 1.5-2 times - 18.8±7.89 versus 17.4±7.04; 22.0±3.34 vs. 15.2±11.37 and 20.8±9.22 vs. 7.9±5.56 (mm). Blood clotting time of extremely premature newborns (257.1±87.29ʺ s) is longer than that of full-term and moderately premature infants (43.3±21.48ʺ; 52.5±25.03ʺ). Amplitudes of contractions of newborns of the Group III at the 5th minute are three times smaller, and at the 10th minute they are twice as small as in the Group I and the Group II - 4.6±1.39; 13.2±3.34; 16.2±5.38 (mm) and 8.0±3.01; 15.5±4.34; 16.0±7.39 (mm). In the Group III, coagulation lysis is minimal (1.8±2.38% vs. 17.1±2.34%; 8.1±2.50%). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Does Articular Pressure Change Vital Signs During Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis?

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the vital signs as mean arterial pressure and heart rate of patients undergoing two different temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis techniques.
 Methods: Thirty patients received TMJ arthrocentesis with either double puncture arthrocentesis (DPA) or single puncture arthrocentesis (SPA). Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed preoperatively, during the application of local anesthesia, and at needle insertion into the joint cavity, the 5th and 10th minute of the procedure, and the end of the procedure. 
 Results: The heart rate and mean arterial pressure were highest during anesthesia and needle insertion (P

Carbon based cobalt titanate perovskite nanocomposite: Synthesis, characterization, and excellent visible light driven photocatalytic performance

Titanium-based perovskite oxides are the promising photocatalysts for an efficient degradation of organic pollutants. However, charge carriers recombination and wide band gap energy are still the main challenges in their visible-light-driven photocatalytic applications of Titanate perovskites, ATiO3. The immobilization of Titanium-based perovskites on a carbonaceous substrate such as nitrogen-rich carbon nitride, can be considered as an excellent option for enhancing photocatalytic performance. Here, the CoTiO3/C3N5 nanocomposite was synthesized by simple reflux method and used for photocatalytic degradation of three organic pollutants including methylene blue (MB), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), and bisphenol A (BPA). The results indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the CoTiO3 perovskite was considerably improved by introducing C3N5 nanosheets and fabricating CoTP/C3N5 nanocomposite. The crystalline structure of CoTiO3/C3N5 (CoTP/C3N5) nanocomposites was confirmed successfully by XRD analysis. The specific surface area of the synthesized CoTP/C3N5 nanocomposite was 8.15 m2/g calculated by N2 adsorption–desorption technology. In the 60th minute of the photocatalytic process, the degradation efficiency of MB, TC, and BPA by CoTP/C3N5 were obtained as 98.70, 60.33, and 92.90 %, respectively, which were higher than pristine CoTiO3 nanorods and C3N5 nanosheets. Electrochemical impedance analysis shows that the CoTP/C3N5 nanocomposite has good electrochemical performance. The improvement photocatalytic activity CoTP/C3N5 can be attributed to the suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes and good electrochemical performance with high electron transfer capability. The results achieved from UV–Visible Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), mott-schottky measurements and the photocatalytic degradation experiments in the presence of scavengers confirmed the significantly accelerating the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism where photoexcited carriers can migrate between CoTiO3 perovskite and C3N5 nanosheets.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengasap Tipe Paralel

This research aims to design, manufacture and test a parallel type smoker which has an output that can be controlled and has uniform temperature in each smoker cabinet. In this research, design, assembly, testing and temperature regulation were carried out. This parallel type smoker has 3 main parts, namely the combustion stove, inlet pipe, and smoking cupboard. In the inlet pipe there is a faucet which functions as a control for the smoke output and temperature from the combustion stove to the smoking cupboard. In terms of testing, this tool was tested in several stages, namely trial 1, trial 2, and performance test. After the test is complete, the final stage is carried out, namely equalizing the temperature in each cupboard. The trial phase 1 was carried out with treatment on the operation of the smoke cupboard. Where the stages of operation of all cupboards are carried out simultaneously, then operation of 2 cupboards is carried out and one path is closed alternately. The results showed that the tool experienced problems in the form of unstable temperatures and leaks in the smoker cupboard, so it required patching with silicon. After design improvements have been made, trial 2 and performance testing are continued. Trial 2 was carried out to find out whether the tool still had problems or not before carrying out a performance test. The treatment for trial 2 was the same as that given during trial 1. As a result, the device had no leaks and the temperature was stable and the device was ready to operate at the 15th minute. After that, a performance test was carried out which had the same stages as trials 1 and 2. This is intended to see whether the tool is in accordance with the results during testing or not. After the performance test is carried out, the final stage is to equalize the temperature in each cupboard to produce the same and stable temperature. This equalization is done by adjusting the opening of the faucet valve on the inlet pipe. The results obtained were a parallel type smoker which had 3 smoking cabinets with the same temperature around 37oC. This temperature can used for low smoking temperature.Keywords: Design of Smoker, Parallel, Temperature.

Does Basal Morning Luteinizing Hormone (bLH) Predict Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) in Girls?

Background and Objectives: bLH is considered an excellent biochemical predictor of CPP. However, its utilization in clinical practice shows some uncertainties. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic power of bLH and propose a diagnostic algorithm for CPP. Materials and Methods: We conducted a monocentric cohort retrospective study evaluating all females referred for suspicion of CPP between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020 who underwent a GnRH test. Auxological, hormonal, and instrumental data were collected, including pelvic ultrasonography and bone age (BA) assessment. Simple linear regression, t-test, and ROC tests were utilized to study the diagnostic value of basal hormone levels. Two hundred thirteen girls were included in the study. They were subdivided into two groups according to the results of the GnRH test: Group 1, with LH peak > 5 IU/L (pubertal) and 79 patients (37%), and Group 2, with an LH peak ≤ 5 IU/L (prepubertal) and 134 patients (63%). Results: The ROC curve showed that bLH level > 1.5 Ul/L best predicts a pubertal response to the GnRH test (AUC 0.8821, accuracy 82%), with low sensitivity (34%). The multivariate analysis found that bLH > 0.5 IU/L, basal FSH (bFSH) > 3.5 IU/L, bLH/bFSH ratio > 0.16, BA advancement > 1.7 years, uterine volume > 3.6 mL, longitudinal uterine diameter > 41 mm, and the presence of endometrial rhyme were significantly associated with a pubertal response at the GnRH test. An algorithm based on these features was created, and its application would reduce the number of GnRH tests by 34%. Overall, 96.2% of Group 1 patients reached the LH peak at the 30th minute of the GnRH test, supporting the hypothesis that the GnRH test duration could be reduced to 30 min. Conclusions: Morning bLH > 1.5 IU/L could be carefully used as a diagnostic predictor of CPP. The GnRH test, even reduced to 30 min, could be reserved for girls who show low intermediate morning bLH and specific clinical signs of pubertal development.

Can Nanobubble Ozone Liposomes Be A New Agent In The Fight Against Foodborne Infections?

In this study, a nanobubble ozone liposome solution containing 2% ZnCl2 was used. The aging tests were conducted according to the ASTM F 1980 [1] standards. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) level of the nanobubble ozone liposome solution with 2% ZnCl2 was determined as 1.562 ppm for strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) by the CLSI M07 A9 [2] standard test method. To assess the time-dependent antibacterial effect of the nanobubble liposome solution with 2% ZnCl2, the solution's efficiency at a concentration of 2000 ppm and for different time intervals was tested on strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (ATCC® 14028™) and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC® 7644™). The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the strains of S. enterica subsp. enterica started at the end of the 10th minute and the solution was effective after 30 minutes. For strains of L. monocytogenes, it was observed that the activity started at the end of the 2nd minute and the product was effective after the 10th minute. According to the ASTM F 1980 standards, it was found that the nanobubble ozone liposome solution retained its effectiveness in one-year stability tests. As a result, the nanoparticle liposome solution, a new product, does not lose its stability and effectiveness for a long time, contrary to what is known. Although the half-life of gaseous ozone is as short as 20 minutes, the stability in the nanoparticle liposome solution has been determined as at least one year. Since nanoparticle liposome solution is a natural and slow-release product, nanobubble ozone liposome solution with 2% ZnCl2 may be used as a newly developed agent against contaminations in food processing facilities caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms through the use in disinfections of surfaces that are in direct contact with food products.

Evaluation of Analgesic Nociceptive Index in intraoperative and postoperative pain management in general anesthesia applied with two different methods

Aim: Effectiveness of analgesic nociceptive index (ANI) monitoring in predicting both intraoperative and postoperative early pain in neurosurgery patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery. The patients were administered general anesthesia using different anesthesia management techniques.Method: The study included a total of 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) I-III. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each using the closed envelope method. Group T received total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with remifentanil-propofol, while Group D with desflurane-remifentanil. Non-invasive ANI monitoring was applied to patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery, and ANI, heart rate, systolic/diastolic arterial pressure values were recorded before and after induction, skin incision, major muscle incision, laminectomy, right-left fasciectomy, screw fixation, after extubation and during the postoperative period. Post-operative heart rate, ANI value, mean arterial pressure values, and visual analog scale (VAS) values were measured.Results: No statistically significant difference was found in terms of the demographic data of the patients. According to the groups, no statistically significant difference was found between the ANI and VAS measurements of the cases at the postoperative 5th minute (P=0.261), postop 10th minute (P=0.379), postop 15th minute (P=0.673), postop 30th minute (P=0.784) and postop 60 minute (p =0.750).Conclusions: In our study on lumbar spine surgery, we could not detect any significant relationship between ANI monitoring and VAS values in the early postoperative period. There was no difference in ANI and VAS with either anaesthetic technique. In light of the results of our study, we believe that more studies are needed on the use of ANI monitoring in the early postoperative period.

Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfectants on the biofilm formation in dental unit water systems using dip slide and conventional methods: A pilot study.

Biofilm formation in dental waterlines brings opportunistic infections, especially for immunosuppressive patients. This study aimed to determine biofilm-forming microorganisms by various methods and investigate disinfectants' effects on biofilm. In the study, samples were obtained from the waterlines of 10-15 aged six dental units, before (0 min.) and after chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) treatment (1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min.), and total colony counts were performed using conventional surface smear method (SSM) and dip slide method (DSM). The Congo red agar and Christensen methods were used to examine the biofilm-forming properties of the isolates. Monitoring of biofilm presence was also visualized by SEM scanning. When DSM and SSM are compared in all units where ClO2 and HOCl are applied, DSM can detect bacterial growth even during periods of greater exposure to disinfectant application. Although DSM can achieve a value approaching 3% even at the 10th minute in units treated with HOCl; SSM does not show reproduction at the same disinfectant exposure and duration; It was observed that in the units where ClO2 was applied, the growth was no longer observed at the 10th minute with DSM, and SSM, 50% growth in the first minute of the units treated with ClO2 could not be detected in the 5th minute. It is concluded that it can be advisable to routinely disinfect the dental unit water systems with non-toxic doses of ClO2 application before patient treatments in clinics and also to perform contamination controls at regular intervals with DSM, which is a sensitive and very practical method. It has been observed that the dip slide method can count bacteria more sensitively than conventional methods in dental water systems without the need for experienced personnel and equipment. The difference between biofilm formation in water systems before and after disinfectant exposure in SEM examinations is remarkable. The effects of ClO2 and HOCl on biofilm were investigated and bacterial growth was inhibited in dental units between 5 and 10 minutes with both disinfectants.

Effect of early vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of preeclampsia in primigravid women: a randomised clinical trial in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported the association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia. However, the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the occurrence of preeclampsia remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on the incidence of preeclampsia in primigravid women and its related maternal and foetal outcomes.MethodsA single-blinded clinical trial was conducted in fourteen antenatal care health facilities in the North (Goma, Mwesso, Nyiragongo) and South Kivu (Bukavu-Panzi) provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. A total of 1300 primigravid women not exceeding 16 weeks of gestation were randomised with a 1:1 ratio to either the supplemented (A) or control (B) group. Each pregnant woman (A) presenting for antenatal care received a single monthly dose of cholecalciferol (60,000 IU) orally for 6 months. The control group received no vitamin D supplementation or placebo. Serum 25(OH)D was measured at recruitment and at 34 weeks of gestation. Outcomes were assessed monthly until delivery.ResultsThe median maternal age was 21 years (14–40), while the median gestational age was 15 weeks (5.4–29.0). A significant reduction in the risk of preeclampsia [RR = 0.36 (0.19–0.69); p = 0.001] and preterm delivery [RR = 0.5 (0.32–0.78); p = 0.002] was observed in the intervention group. An RR of 0.43 [(0.27–0.67); p < 0.001] was found for low birth weight. The RR for caesarean section was 0.63 [(0.52–0.75); p < 0.001]. The APGAR score at the 5th minute (p = 0.021) and the size of the newborn were significantly higher in the supplemented group (p = 0.005).ConclusionA single monthly dose (60,000 IU) of vitamin D supplementation, started in earlypregnancy, significantly reduced the incidence of preeclampsia and its maternal and foetal complications.Trial registrationISRCTN Register with ISRCTN46539495 on 17 November 2020.

Dexketoprofen versus Tenoxicam in Acute Severe Pain Due to Primary Dysmenorrhea.

To evaluate the analgaesic efficacy of tenoxicam and dexketoprofen in patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine (EM) Clinic with severe acute pain due to primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Randomised-controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Emergency Medicine Clinic, Health Sciences University, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkiye, from January to December 2022. Patients presenting with PD, were divided into two groups of 60 each, administered 50 mg dexketoprofen and 20 mg tenoxicam intravenously. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded at the 15th, 30th, 60th, and 120th minutes. VAS scores and ΔVAS scores were compared with the effectiveness of drugs, the need for rescue drugs and its side-effects. Intravenous (IV) dexketoprofen was administered to 60 of the patients and IV tenoxicam was administered to another 60. At the time of admission, mean VAS scores of the patients were 8.8 ± 0.9 for the dexketoprofen group and 8.6 ± 0.8 for the tenoxicam group. The VAS scores of the dexketoprofen group were found to be statistically significantly lower after 30 minutes with lower need for rescue analgaesics. ΔVAS scores of the dexketoprofen group were statistically significantly higher from the 30th minute. According to the VAS scoring, IV dexketoprofen was a more effective drug than IV tenoxicam in patients who were admitted to the EM clinic with severe pain due to PD. Dexketoprofen, Primary dysmenorrhea, VAS score.

Assessment of the Efficiency for Anesthesia of Two Agents in Teeth Removal: A Split-Mouth Research

ABSTRACT Aim: This study was intended to assess and relate the clinical anesthetic effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride and lidocaine. Methodology: A clinical randomized split-mouth study was piloted among 40 patients who were otherwise healthy but needed to have their maxillary first premolars extracted bilaterally for orthodontic reasons were considered in the research. In each subject on one side (quadrant) of the arch 1.8 milliliters of lidocaine was given and on other side of the arch 1.8 milliliters of tramadol was given. On the basis of a list that was prepared by a computer, the randomization was done and the sides (quadrant) of the arches were decided for all the subjects, and the injections were given as local infiltration. Results: Lidocaine was found to be statistically more effective for overall anesthesia duration, despite the fact that there was no significant variance between the two drugs at the time when anesthetic effect began to take effect. Tramadol was found to be statistically more efficient than lidocaine when compared to the anesthetic activity at the 5th minute before extraction. Tramadol was found to be statistically more successful than lidocaine for both the patient’s degree of satisfaction and the rate at which wounds healed. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it appears that tramadol and epinephrine could be used as a substitute to conventional local anesthetics during extractions of maxillary first premolar teeth during oral-maxillofacial surgery.