5th Experimental Group Research Articles

Experimental substantiation of the effect of chelated compounds of trace elements on the chemical composition of quail meat

The positive effect of chelate compounds of trace elements on the chemical composition of quail meat is justified. The experience used quails of the Japanese breed, egg-meat direction in the amount of 280 heads. Inclusion of chelate compounds of iron and zinc in the diet of quails provides positive correction of physical and chemical indices of meat raw materials. The greatest effect was noted when Bioferron 0,2 ml/kg was introduced into the diet: in 37-day quails, the level of raw protein in meat exceeded the control values by 1,33% (at p≤0,01), the level of raw ash - by 0,41%; in 98-day quails, the level of raw meat protein increased by 1,08%, and relative to the control group - by 1,92% (at p≤0,001), the level of raw meat ash increased by 2,85%, and relative to the control group - by 1,54% (at p≤0,01). In samples of meat raw materials of quail, which received Biocinc, 0,2 ml/kg was noted as the most effective dose: the level of raw protein in meat in 37-day quail exceeded the control by 0,78%, the level of raw ash - by 0,27%; in 98-day quails, the level of raw meat protein increased by 0,85%, and relative to the control group - by 1,14% (at p≤0,01), the level of raw ash increased by 3,45%, and relative to the control group – by 2,00% (at p≤0,01). The highest level of quail in meat raw materials among the elements was in iron, zinc and manganese. The largest amount of digested manganese in the muscles of 37-day quail was noted in a sample of the 5th experimental group (Biocinc 0,2 ml/kg) – 324,69% (p≤0,001) more than the control. In 98-day quails, the highest level of manganese accumulation was also noted in the sample of the 5th experimental group (Biocinc 0,2 mL/kg) – 306,25% (p≤0,001) more than the control one. In 37-day quails, the highest concentration of iron in meat raw materials (60,59±0,66 mg/kg at p≤0,001) was detected when Bioferron was included in the diet at a dose of 0,3 mL/kg, which is 156,63% more than the control. 98-day - 63,32±1,23 mg/kg (p≤0,001), which is 213,93% more than the control. The highest level of zinc was observed in the groups of 37-day quail, the diet of which included Biocinc at doses of 0,2 and 0,3 ml/kg, it was 43,30±0,95 and 44,49±1,41 mg/kg at p≤0,001, which is more than in the control group by 113,41 and 119,27%, respectively.

Feed additive “Reasil® Humic Vet” and its use in egg poultry farming

One of the ways to solve the problem of increasing the effi ciency of poultry farming is the use of biologically active additives of natural origin in poultry feeding, determining the optimal doses of their use, as well as their eff ect on the egg production of laying hens, the commercial quality of eggs, the digestibility of nutrients and economic effi ciency. The purpose of the work was to determine the optimal level of introduction of the liquid feed additive Reasil® Humic Vet into drinking water for laying hens. Experimental groups of laying hens were formed taking into account age, live weight and egg production. In total, 7 experimental groups were formed per 21 heads in each, which housed in separate cages of 7 heads. The duration of the experiment was 12 weeks. During the experiment, laying hens of the control group received the main diet. The use of the feed additive Reasil® Humic Vet was carried out in two stages. The liquid feed additive Reasil® Humic Vet was given to laying hens in the experimental groups with drinking water, at the first stage: 1st, 2nd and 3rd in the amount of 0,25 ml, 0,50 and 0,75 ml per 1 liter water according to the group number, and at the second stage: 4th, 5th and 6th in the amount of 3,0 ml, 6,0 and 10,0 ml per 100 kg of live weight. As the period of feeding the additive increased, egg production in laying hens of the experimental groups gradually increased. As a result, the weekly egg production of laying hens in the 1st experimental group was 6,5 pcs. more compared to control group (p < 0,01). A further twofold increase in the amount of additive solution contributed to an even greater increase in egg production by 8,5 pcs. eggs in the 2nd experimental group (p < 0,01). However, increasing the additive to 0,75 ml/l of water increased egg production by 6,3 pieces, which was higher compared to the control group (p < 0,01), but less than in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups. Similar results were obtained at the second stage of the experiment. The laying hens of the 5th experimental group had the best performance. The positive eff ect of the liquid feed additive Reasil® Humic Vet on a number of hematological parameters has been established. The most eff ective dose of the test drug was 0,50 ml/l of water and 6,0 ml per 100 kg of live weight.

Morphological changes in liver tissues of rats under the exposure of ecotoxicants and perinatal prophylaxis

BACKGROUND: The high sensitivity of the liver to chemicals is due to its leading role in their metabolism. During the biotransformation of ecotoxicants, highly reactive intermediate products may be formed and free radical oxidation may be initiated, which may result in liver damage.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out on outbred white rats weighing 180250 g. A total of 50 animals were involved in the experiment. All animals were divided into 5 groups: control and 4 experimental ones. All rats in the experimental groups were subjected to inhalation exposure to gasoline and formaldehyde vapors. In the 1st (control) group only poisoning with ecotoxicants was used, in the 2nd group peptinsorbent (apple pectin) was used against the background of poisoning with ecotoxicants, in the 3rd group a membrane protector lemongrass, in the 4th group a beets, in the 5th experimental group peptinsorbent, membrane protector and beets. We examined pieces of liver and rats that were subjected to histological processing. Using a LEICA RM 2145 rotary microtome (Leica Microsystems, Germany), histological sections with a thickness of 58 m were prepared. Stained sections were examined and photographed using an Axio Imager Z1 light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany).
 RESULTS: The liver structure of rat pups born from female rats exposed to subchronic gasoline and formaldehyde poisoning throughout pregnancy has pronounced pathomorphological signs characteristic of hepatosis, turning into toxic hepatitis. The use of lemongrass, peptinsorbent and beets separately, along with intoxication of pregnant rats, somewhat reduced the degree of pathomorphological changes in the liver of born rat pups, but not dramatically. When using a combined mixture (apple pectin + membrane protector lemongrass + beets), the liver structure of the rat pups subsequently born was preserved relatively better than in the control group, with the exception of certain areas of the liver in which hemostasis and moderately pronounced dystrophic changes in hepatocytes were detected.
 CONCLUSIONS: The combined mixture (apple pectin + membrane protector lemongrass + beets) has a more pronounced hepatoprotective effect compared to the separate use of each of its constituent substances and is effective as a hepatoprotective agent for liver damage from ecotoxicants.

Influence of multienzyme drugs in the diets of broiler chickens on their hematological parameters

In order to intensify modern poultry farming, close attention is paid to breeds, crosses with high growth potential. The poultry diet should be balanced in terms of metabolic energy and protein due to the inclusion of several ingredients and additives. Specialists of the agro-industrial complex have accumulated a large amount of research on the eff ective use of biologically active drugs in poultry farming. The use of enzyme drugs contributes to an increase in the level of energy nutrition, as well as accelerated growth and development of farm animals and poultry. The purpose of our work was to improve of production traits and hematological parameters in broiler chickens when using diff erent multi enzyme drugs in their diets. A scientifi c and economic experiment was carried out on broiler chickens of the cross Ross 308 under the conditions of a poultry farm of the IP Fitisov G. N., village Ozerny in the Caucasian district of the Krasnodar Territory. The broilers of the 1st control group received wheat and corn compound feed. The following multi enzyme drugs were additionally included in the diet of chickens of the experimental groups: the 2nd experimental group – Natugrain TS 100 g/t of compound feed, the 3rd experimental group – Rovabio Excel AP 50 g/t of compound feed, the 4th experimental group – Ronozim Multigrain 125 g/t of compound feed, the 5th experimental group – Akstra HV 100 g/t of compound feed, 6th experimental group – Akstra HAR 100 g/t of compound feed, 7th experimental group – Hostazim Combi 100 g/t of compound feed, 8th experimental group – Vilzim 20 g/t of compound feed and 9th experimental group – Enzyme Complex 750 g/t compound feed. The conditions of housing and feeding for broiler chickens of the experimental groups were the same and corresponded to the zoo and hygienic requirements for housing and feeding poultry. The use of multi enzyme drugs in compound feed for broiler chickens allowed us to increase live weight by 4,76–13,87 %, reduce expenditures of feed per unit of live weight gain by 4,73–12,43 %. The inclusion of multi enzyme drugs in the formula of compound feed allowed us to improve blood parameters. For example, there was an increase in the number of red blood cells, total protein, calcium, phosphorus and a decrease in the number of white blood cells. Thus, the introduction of multi enzyme drugs into compound feed for broiler chickens had a positive effect on the productive indicators of poultry and also on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood.

Economic efficiency of castration of boars using different methods on the background of immunocorrection under the conditions of industrial technology

The article presents the results of determining the economic efficiency of the use of two immunocorrectors — thymogen and mikovit (ribav) during castration of boars in industrial technology.The studies were performed on 49 boars (aged 5 months), divided into seven groups — two control and five experimental ones (n=7 in each).All animals were castrated: in the 1st control, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups — using open method; in the 2nd control and the 5th experimental groups — using closed method. Preoperative support was carried out according to the methodology used to the farm.The boars of the experimental groups were additionally treated with immunomodulators: in the first one — with thymogen (five-day course before surgery), in the second one — with mycovit (ribav), according to the scheme of the first group with local application after surgery, in the third — according to the scheme of the first group, but after the surgery; in the 4th and 5th — only with the working solution of mikovit (ribav) according to the method of the 2nd experimental group.The economic effect of the developed schemes was defined as the difference between the damage prevented as a result of veterinary measures and veterinary costs, taking into account the additional cost obtained by increasing the quantity of manufactured products and improving their quality. As an additional method, the total index of the effectiveness of veterinary measures was used, which was calculated by multiplying the economic damage by veterinary costs (per animal in each group) and then dividing the resulting number by their minimum multiplication.It was shown that the inclusion of thymogen at a dose of 100 μg/cm3 into the basic regimen of intramuscular injections with a five-day course after surgery using an open castration method or irrigation of the wound surface according to the above scheme with the solution of mycovit (ribav) can significantly increase the economic effect of veterinary measures. In the conditions of industrial pig breeding (taking into account the higher manufacturability of the application), preference should be given to thymogen.

The relationship of selenium with the productivity of young cattle

During the scientific-economic experiment young cattle of the dairy and post-dairy period of growing of the 1st control group (C-) were fed with the basic diet (BD), whereas calves of the 2nd experimental group (C+) with BD feeding additional premix containing sodium selenite (0,30 mg Se per 1 kg of dry matter (DM) of a diet). Animals of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups (E100, E75, E50) were fed additional 0.30, 0.22 and 0.15 mg Se per 1 kg DM of diet in the form of proteinate. On average over the period of the experiment the total average daily gain (ADG) of body weight of calves in experimental groups was 719; 736; 781; 710 g or 6.8; 9.4; 16; 5.5% more compared to control. Calves from groups E100 and E75 fed 0.30 and 0.22 mg Se used 8.60, 13.75% and 8.56, 13.79% less energy fodder units (EFU) and digestible protein (DP) per 1 kg body weight gain compared to the control group (C-). The animals in the 3rd and 4th experimental groups fed 0.30 and 0.22 mg Se per 1 kg of diet had better digestible dry matter - by 3.18 and 3.92% (p<0.1), organic matter by 1.81% (p<0.1), and 3.64% (p<0.05), protein by 3.93 and 4.01% (p<0.1), fat by 1.02 and 1.80%, fibre by 1.01 and 2.79% (p<0.01), BEV by 1.91 (p<0.1) and 2.05% compared to control. Feeding calves of experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 with various levels of selenium proteinate promoted the increase of selenium concentration in hair (p<0,05) and blood serum (p>0,05) with decrease of Se removal with faeces (p<0,01, E75 vs C-) . In the experimental groups of calves calculation of conditional realization of the additionally gained live weight gain showed a higher level of gain compared to the control by 1481; 2008; 3468,5 and 1200 RUB per head respectively for the period of the experiment.

Productive Traits and Reproductive Capacity of First-Calf Cows at Different Selection Options

The research work is aimed at determining and establishing the degree of influence of various selection options on the productive and reproductive qualities of the first-calf cows of the black-and-white breed. The research results showed that according to the Parental Index of Cows (PIC), animals of the 5th experimental group surpass their mates in the 2 and 3 groups in milk yield by 746 kg, with p≤0.05 and 1746 kg, with p≤0.001 and the difference in fat content is 0.07 and 0.01%, respectively. The same advantage in milk yield over the 3 experimental groups is possessed by the 1st control and the 4th experimental groups 1827 and 1885 kg, with p≤0.001. In terms of protein, group 3 cows are inferior to first-calf heifers of groups 1, 2, and 5 by 0.03, 0.08, and 0.09%, with a significant difference p≥0.99. Groups 1, 2, and 5 have superiority over animals of the 4th -0.03%, with p≤0.05, as well as 0.05 and 0.06%, with p≤0.01. The Realization of the Genetic Potential (RGP) in milk yield for 305 days of lactation was higher in the 5th experimental group and amounted to 88.3%, which is 7.1% more than in the control, with p≤0.05. For milk fat, animals of groups 1 and 3 have a high potential of 99.5 and 99.9%. In terms of the mass fraction of protein, first-calf heifers of the 1st control and the 4th experimental groups surpass their mates from group 3 by 2.1 and 1.8%, with p≤0.05. The control group has the most optimal indicator of the calving period (406.5), while the tested ones exceed it by more than 40 days. The service period in all groups has been increased by almost 2 times. The highest calf crop (92.3%) and reproduction rate (0.92%) are observed in the control group.

Biologically active additives in the feeding of broiler chickens

In order to increase the effi ciency of plant feed use and increase the productivity of poultry, enzyme, probiotic and prebiotic drugs are used in order to increase the effi ciency of feed use, as well as to stimulate the growth and productivity of livestock. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of biologically active additives under the conditions of the south of Russia such as the enzyme grug CelloLux-F, the probiotic OLIN and the prebiotic MOS-activator on the intensity of metabolism, meat productivity and the quality of meat of broiler chickens. Scientifi c research was carried out in the Breeding farm Mikhailovsky in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on broiler chickens of the cross Ross-308. In the scientific and economic experiment the poultry of the control group received the main diet. The poultry of the 1st experimental group in addition to the main diet received the enzyme additive Cellulux-F 1,0 kg/t of compound feed, the 2nd experimental group received the probiotic OLIN 0,02 g/head/day, the 3rd experimental group received the prebiotic MOS-activator 0,7 kg/t of compound feed. The poultry of the 4th experimental group were additionally given the enzyme additive CelloLux-F 1,0 kg/t + probiotic OLIN 0,02 g/head/day, the 5th experimental group – CelloLux-F 1,0 kg/t + MOS-activator 0,7 kg/t compound feed, the 6th experimental group – OLIN 0,02 g/head/day + MOS-activator 0,7 kg/t of compound feed and the 7th experimental group – CelloLux-F 1,0 kg/t + OLIN 0,02 g/head/day + MOS-activator 0,7 kg/t of compound feed. Based on the results of scientifi c and economic experiment and production testing of its results, a positive production and economic eff ect was established from the additional inclusion of biologically active additives in the compound feed of broiler chickens of the cross Ross-308 such as the enzyme drug CelloLux-F in the amount of 1,0 kg/t of compound feed, the probiotic OLIN – 0,02 g/head/day and prebiotic MOS-activator 0,7 kg/t of compound feed.

Вміст мінеральних елементів у тканині печінки щурів за набутої інсулінорезистентності та ожиріння на тлі йододефіциту

The purpose of the study was to determine the content of mineral elements in the hepatocytes of rats with insulin resistance, obesity, iodine deficiency, insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency and obesity in combination with iodine deficiency. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 90 white nonlinear rats weighing 120-180 g, which were divided into five experimental groups: rats with insulin resistance (1st experimental group, n = 15), animals with iodine deficiency (2nd experimental group), animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency (3rd experimental group, n = 15), obese animals (4th experimental group, n = 15), obese animals in combined with iodine deficiency (5th experimental group, n = 15). The control group consisted of 15 intact rats. The content of Fe, Ca, Cu, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cr in the liver homogenate was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry on a SPECORD M 40 spectrophotometer (Germany). Results and discussion. In animals with insulin resistance, there was a decrease in the content of copper in the liver by 26.9%, in animals with iodine deficiency the content of this trace element increased by 20.5%, and in the group of animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency it increased by 10.1%. The iron content in the group of animals with insulin resistance is higher in relation to the control by 33.7%, in the group of animals with iodine deficiency – by 38.5%, in animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency – by 40.8%. Regarding the content of Calcium, in the liver homogenate of animals with insulin resistance it is higher compared to the control by 24%, in animals of the second experimental group –by 26.4%, in animals of the 3rd experimental group – by 22%. The Magnesium content in animals with insulin resitance is lower compared to the control by 19%, in animals with iodine deficiency – by 25.5%, in animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency – by 29%. As for Zinc, no significant fluctuations in the content of this trace element were detected. In animals of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups it is lower compared to the control by 10%, 15% and 11.1%, respectively. The Manganese content in animals with insulin resistance is lower compared to the control by 13.6%, in animals with iodine deficiency – by 18.2%, in animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency – by 14.8%. With regard to chromium, we found a probable decrease in the concentration of this trace element in animals of the group with insulin resistance by 48%, in animals of the 2nd experimental group – by 57.5%, in animals of the 3rd experimental group – by 58%. In the group of animals with obesity and obesity in combined with iodine deficiency we found an increase in copper content compared to the control by 27.4% and 36.2%, respectively. The iron content in animals with obesity exceeds the control by 34.8%, in the group of animals with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency – by 38.4%. Regarding the content of Calcium, in animals with obesity it is higher by 25.7%, and in animals with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency – by 28.4% compared to the control. Magnesium content in animals with obesity is lower by 27.3% compared to the control group, and in animals with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency – by 28.4%. Regarding Zinc, no significant fluctuations in the content of this trace element were detected. In animals of the 4th and 5th experimental groups it is lower compared to the control by 18.4% and 23.5%, respectively. The content of Manganese in the group of animals with obesity decreased by 14.8%, and in the group with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency the content of this trace element decreased by 16.2% compared to the control. With regard to chromium, we found a probable decrease in the concentration of this trace element in animals of the group with obesity by 58.1% and in the group of animals with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency by 56.2%. Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate changes in the content of mineral elements in groups of animals with insulin resistance, iodine deficiency, insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency, obesity and obesity in combination with iodine deficiency

The economic efficiency of the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the rations of highlyproductive cows of the Ukrain-ian Red-Spotted Dairy breed

The article deals with the results of research on the economic efficiency of the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the feeding rations of highlyproductive cows of Ukrainian Red-Spotted Dairy breed in the first 100 days of lactation. The research was performed on five groups (one control and four experimental) of analogous cows in the conditions of ALC “Terezyne” Bila Tserkva district of Kyiv region. The control was the optimal dose of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt, which was previously established with a concentration of 1 kg of dry matter (DM) of the feed mixture (FM), mg: Zinc – 60.8; Manganese – 60.8 and Cobalt – 0.78. For the 2nd experimental group, the concentration of these trace elements was increased by 10 %, and in the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – on the contrary, the concentration of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in 1 kg of DM of feed mixture was reduced by 10 %, 20 and 30 %, respectively, compared with the control. The best results on milk yield of natural and basic fat content were got from cows of the 4th experimental group, where the concentration of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt due to their mixed ligand complexes in 1 kg of DM of feed mixture was, mg: Zinc – 48.6; Manganese – 48.6; Cobalt – 0.62. The cost of products got from experimental cows ranged from UAH 12702.3 up to UAH 13783.7 and it was the highest in the 4th experimental group. It was set up that for cows of Ukrainian Red-Spotted Dairy breed in the first 100 days of lactation the most economically advantageous was the dose of mixed ligand complexes, in which the concentration of Zinc and Manganese was 48.6 mg, and Cobalt – 0.62 mg/kg DM, which allowed to obtain a profit of 14.37 % more than in the control group. Doses of mixed ligand complexes with a concentration of Zinc and Manganese – 66.9 mg; 54.7 and 42.6 mg, and Cobalt – 0.86 mg; 0.7 and 0.55 mg/kg CF gave a much lower economic effect. Additional profit in the 2nd experimental group amounted to UAH 66.8 or 1.34 %; in the 3rd – UAH 95.6 or 1.92 % and in the 5th – UAH 561.6 or 11.28 %, compared with the control group.

ЭКСТЕРЬЕРНО-КОНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОРОВ - ПЕРВОТЕЛОК ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОГО СКОТА ПРИ РАЗНЫХ СОЧЕТАНИЯХ ПОДБОРА

The development of dairy cattle breeding largely depends on the culture of young cattle breeding. It is very difficult to obtain and preserve young animals. Correct rearing of young cattle of dairy breeds contributes to the appropriate exhibition of genetically inherent productive abilities of animals during the first stage of their growth and development. When organizing breeding and feeding, animal growth and development characteristics are taken into account, which are determined by heredity and environmental conditions, especially feeding. The article provides a comparative analysis of the dynamics of live weight, measurements and body indexes of first-calf heifers of various selection combinations. First-calf heifers of the fifth experimental group, obtained from fathers and mothers belonging to the cross lines, exceeded animals in the control group, whose parents belonged to pure lines, in live weight and gains. Under the same housing and feeding conditions, the heifers of the studied groups did not grow in the same way, and certain differences were revealed in the process of ontogenesis. The first-calf heifers of the 5th group had the greatest live weight in different age periods and exceeded the peers of the 1st, 3rd and 4th groups from 10 to 23 kg with relevant difference. The animals of the 5th experimental group had the highest average daily gains till 6 months old. For the entire growing period (18 months), the animals in the control group had the highest relative gain, which was significantly higher than the gain in the experimental groups. The following body indexes were calculated: long-legged, elongation, pelvic-thoracic, thoracic; blockiness and bone index, as well as milk production coefficient which determined the direction of productivity of animals. First-calf cows were included into dairy-meat productivity direction according to the long-legged and elongated index. According to blockiness and thoracic index, animals of all groups belong to dairy direction of productivity, and according to bone index, to meat direction.

Productivity of Young Rabbits at Different Sources of Cuprum in the Mixed Fodder

The impact of different levels and sources of coppermixedligand on productivity and its metabolism in young rabbits of California breed in combination with sulfates was investigated in experiment. For rabbits of the 1st control group 7.81 g/t of copper sulfate was injected into the mixed fodder, of the 2nd experimental group - 7.81 g/t of coppermixedligand, of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups, respectively, g/t: 5.86; 3.91 and 1.95. As a result, the rabbits of the 1st control group and the 2nd experimental group deficit of copper was eliminated by 100% to the existing norm, and the rabbits of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups - by 75, 50 and 25%. Studies have shown that during the main period of the experiment, the increase in live weight in all experimental groups exceeded the indicator of the control group. In particular, in rabbits of the 2nd experimental group this exceeding was 9.0% (p < 0.05), 3rd - 13.2% (p < 0.05), 4th -14.0% (p < 0.001) and 5th - by 4.9%. Among all the experimental groups, the best indicators of nutrient digestibility of feed were the rabbits of the 4th experimental group, which in the composition of the mixed fodder fed coppermixedligand, which covered a deficiency of this element by 50% in metal chelate from the amount of Copper of the 2nd experimental group. Compared to control group the digestibility rate of organic feed matter in these animals increased by 3.7%. This increase was due to an increase in the digestibility of crude protein - by 4.5%, crude fat - 0.5, crude fiber - 4.6 and nitrogen-free extractives - 3.7%. According to the results of the experiment, the rabbits of the experimental group 4 ate 5.0% less feed than the counterparts of the 1st control group, and the feed costs were 3.9% lower. The use of the organic form of copper in the form of mixed-ligand complex in mixfeed for rabbits of breeding on meat in the amount of 3.91 g/t or 50% of metalchelate promoted an increase in the growth of animals, nutrient digestibility of feed and reduced feed conversion.

Digestibility of substances, balance of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese in highly productive cows of the Holstein breed of German selection in the first period of lactation for feeding mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Co-balt

The article deals with the results of research to study the digestibility of nutrients in the ration and metabolism of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese in high-yielding Holstein cows of German selection in the first period of lactation for feeding mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt. The research was performed in the conditions of Terezyne Ltd., Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region. There was an increase in the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter in cows of the 2nd-5th experimental groups compared with animals of the 1st control group, respectively by 1.8–3.5 % (P &lt; 0.05); organic matter by 0.3–2.5 %; crude protein by 0.5–4.2 % (P &lt; 0.05 – P &lt; 0.01); crude fat by 1.1–1.8 %; crude fiber by 1.3–3.3 % and nitrogen-free extractives by 2.1–4.2 %. Cows of the experimental groups consumed more Nitrogen than the cows of the control group: 20.18 g or 2.4 % – the 2nd group, 55.06 g or 6.6 % – the 3rd, 42.52 g or 5, 1 % – 4th and 28.98 g or 3.5 % – 5th experimental group due to better eating of the feed mixture. General consumption level of Nitrogen in relation to excreted with milk and deposited in the body of cows of the control group was 32.02 %, and in animals of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – 33.59 %; 37.31; 36.99 and 34.97 %. In relation to the total digested amount, the proportion of Nitrogen deposited in the body and excreted with milk in animals of the control group was 42.38 %, and in the experimental – 44.25–47.34 %. Doses of Zinc, which provided its existing rate of 54–85 % due to the mixed ligand complex, positively influenced on the the metabolism of trace elements in the organism of experimental cows. Assimilation of Zinc in the organism was determined by the amount of its secretions with milk and deposits in the body and in absolute terms it was the lowest in cows of the 4th and 5th experimental groups – 562.7 mg and 671.6 mg against 740.8 mg in the 1st control group and the largest – 784.7 mg and 801.3 mg in animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. The use of a mixed ligand complex of manganese ensured its positive balance in the organism of cows and the absorption of the trace element in the organism of experimental cows ranged from 22.5 % in the 2nd experimental group to 33.2 % in the 3rd experimental group. The best indicators for the metabolism of Nitrogen, Zinc and Manganese were got in the third experimental group whose cows were fed a feed mixture, that in 1 kg of DM contained, mg: Zinc – 54.7; Manganese – 54.7; Cobalt – 0.7; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 12 and Iodine – 1.1.

Використання змішанолігандних комплексів Цинку, Мангану й Кобальту в годівлі високопродуктивних корів у пізній сухостійний період

The results of establishing the optimal feeding doses of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in the form of their mixed-ligand complexes for high-yielding cows of Holstein, Ukrainian Red-Spotted and Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breeds during the late dry period were presented, their influence on the future productivity and reproductive qualities of cows were also determined. It was found that lower doses of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in the feed mixture stimulated its consumption better. The cows of the 4th experimental group consumed more of the feed mixture, where the concentration of Zinc and Manganese was 35 mg, and Cobalt – 0.49 mg per 1 kg of DM. At various doses of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt, the increase in live weight in cows of the control group was 24.3 kg, and in the experimental groups, it ranged from 23.7 kg to 26.9 kg, which is 8.6% and 10.7% (P &lt; 0,05) more in the 3rd and 4th groups compared with the control. A decrease in the concentration of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in the diets of dry cows in the experimental groups by 10, 20, 30 and 40% had a positive effect on their further milk productivity. During the first 100 days of lactation, they milked 60-180 kg of milk more compared to the control with an increase in fat content by 0.01–0.05%. Also, in the milk of experimental group’s cows, compared with the control, the protein content increased (3.22–3.23% versus 3.14%), and the feed costs per 1 kg of milk in them were lower by 3.5–9.4%. Smaller doses of zinc, manganese, and cobalt contributed better to lengthening the period of prolonged action of their mixed-ligand complexes on the body of lactating cows. The calves’ live weight at the birth in the 4th experimental group exceeded the indicator of their peers from the control group by 2.3 kg or 8.81%, while the calves obtained from cows of the 2nd experimental group prevailed the control by 1.6 kg, or 6, 13 %, from the 3rd experimental group – by 1.8 kg, or 6.90%, and the 4th experimental group – by 1.7 kg, or 6.51%. The duration of the service period in all experimental groups of cows was within the recommended norms and was 87.8 days in the control group, and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups, respectively 84.7 days, 82.2; 80.6 and 83.5 days, respectively, and there was less in control by 3.1–7.1 days or 3.3–8.2%. The insemination index in the cows’ control group was 1.5, and in the experimental one – 1.2–1.4, which is 6.7–20.0% less.

Determination of the level of bioconversion of nutrients in primates

The results of studies on feeding biologically active additives suspensions of chlorella and Bactistatin in the diets of primates are presented. Its positive effect on the bioconversion of diets was experimentally established. The coefficients of digestibility of nutrients with dry chlorella and fishmeal in the composition of complete feed were determined. The obtained experimental data are important for the preparation of scientifically grounded and optimally balanced feeding rations, taking into account the digestibility of feed. This will optimally balance feed rations for all nutrients, while reducing feed costs and, as a result, increasing the profitability of keeping primates. It was found that the introduction of chlorella powder and fishmeal into the diet improves protein absorption by 6.83 and 5.66%, crude fat - by 2.61 and 3.92, crude fiber - by 4.78 and 4.25, NFES - by 4.15 and 2.26, crude ash - by 18.93 and 12.08%. The use of calcium and phosphorus macronutrients was higher in the 3rd experimental group, which received 14% chlorella in the main diet by 1.38 and 8.07%, respectively. In the 5th experimental group, which received 18.26% of the main ration of fishmeal, calcium was absorbed more efficiently by 4.77, and phosphorus - by 1.21%. The use of diet supplements in the form of a suspension of chlorella and Bactistatin helped to stimulate the bioconversion of nutrients in the diets used in the nursery for feeding monkeys, and enabled to maintain the main blood parameters within physiological norms.

The egg productivity of quails for feeding different levels of dry post-alcohol bard in composition of feed

Numerous studies in animal husbandry are aimed at substantiating the feasibility of using waste from technical industries in animal feeding. Recently, dry post-alcohol bard can be found in compound feed recipes. It is a good source of protein, but its amount in the feed is limited due to the presence of anti-nutrients. Experimental studies of the dynamics of productivity of laying quails for the consumption of complete feed with different proportions of dry post-alcoholic bard were conducted. For this purpose 5 groups of quails of an egg direction of productivity on 30 animals aged 42 days everyone were formed. Quails of the control group consumed complete feed, which did not contain dry post-alcoholic bard. Instead, animals of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups during the main period of the experiment were fed, respectively, 5%, 10, 15 and 20% of dry post-alcoholic bard. The nutritional value of compound feeds of all groups was the same. During 120 days of the main period of the experiment, the most prevalent control animals were quails of the 3rd experimental group, which consumed 10% of dry post-alcoholic bard as part of the feed. Slightly smaller (5.0%) was the predominance of animals of the 2nd experimental group, the content of bards in the diet of which was 5%. The least different from the control indicators were the quails of the 4th experimental group, which only 0.3% outperformed the latter, consuming 15% of dry bard in the compound feed. The share of dry post-alcoholic bard 20% in the complete feed of quails of the 5th experimental group had a negative effect on their productivity, as the gross collection of eggs in this group was less than the control by 1.6%. In addition to differences in the number of collected eggs, the results of the experiment showed a statistically significant difference in the weight of laid eggs between animals of the control and experimental groups. During the main period of the experiment on the average weight of eggs the most control was dominated by birds of the 3rd experimental group - by 1.1%. Slightly smaller (0.7%) was the predominance of animals of the 2nd experimental group. Quails of the 4th experimental group were little different from the control in terms of egg weight - only 0.4% outweighed it. The birds of the 5th experimental group also slightly differed from the control in terms of egg weight - only 0.2% inferior to it. Thus, the inclusion of 5–10% of dry post-alcoholic bard in the feed has a positive effect on the productivity of quails. Key words: dry post-alcoholic bard, eggs, quails, laying, egg weight, compound feed, feeding.

FEED CONSUMPTION, REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS, RUMEN METABOLISM, DIGESTIVENESS AND NITROGEN BALANCE IN HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE COWS IN THE SECOND PERIOD OF LACTATION FOR THE FERTILIZATION OF MIXED- LIGAND ZINC, MANGANESE AND COBALT COMPLEXES

The presented indicators of feed consumption, reproduction, scar fluid, digestibility of nutrients and average daily balance of Nitrogen in highly productive cows of Holstein, Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed and Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy breeds in the second period of lactation by feeding them different doses of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt.&#x0D; Consumption of feed mixture by experimental animals ranged from 46.2 kg to 52.2 kg. It was best consumed by cows of the 5th experimental group, in the feed mixture of which the concentration of trace elements in 1 kg of DM was: Zinc – 35 mg, Manganese – 35, Cobalt – 0.4, Selenium – 0.3, Copper – 10 mg and Iodine – 0.9 mg. It is set up that the use of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt reduces the duration of the service period in cows compared with its average value for the herd, which is 145.6 days.&#x0D; In the rumen fluid of experimental cows, the pH value was increasing in the alkaline direction and the difference to the control group was statistically significant. It also decreased the content of total nitrogen compared to control, which indicates its better absorption into the blood. At the same time, the content of protein and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid of experimental cows was significantly reduced. The use in the rations of cows in the second 100 days of lactation of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt did not show a significant influence on the formation of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid, however, there was a tendency to increase them at lower concentrations of these trace elements.&#x0D; Cows of the experimental groups better digested dry and organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and NFES. The recommended and accepted norms of the dose of microelements used in the control group did not show the highest influence on the coefficients of digestibility of nutrients in feed mixtures compared with their lower doses in the experimental groups.&#x0D; It was found that the increase in the transformation of Nitrogen into the milk protein of cows of the experimental groups was contributed by better digestibility and less excretion of Nitrogen in the urine, which is one of the main factors in increasing their milk productivity.&#x0D; The elimination of zinc, manganese and cobalt deficiency in the ration of high-yielding cows due to lower doses of their mixed-ligand complexes has a positive influence on the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, nitrogen metabolism and productivity of animals.

Influence of mixed-liganding complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in feeding highly productive cows in the early dry period for their dairy productivity in the first 100 days of lactation and reproductive functions

A number of scientific publications on the influence of microelements on the vital activity of cows, the level of milk productivity and reproductive function are analyzed. The article presents the results of research on the study of different levels of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in the feeding of cows in the dry season for their future milk productivity and reproductive functions. The research was carried out in the conditions of “Terezine”, Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region, on highly productive cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed. It was found that the elimination of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt deficiency in the diets of cows in the dry season due to different doses of their mixed-ligand complexes had a positive effect on further milk productivity. In terms of gross milk yield of natural milk for milk of 4 % fat content, the difference in this indicator between the cows of the 2nd experimental group and control was 195.9 kg, or 5.52 % (P &lt; 0.01), the 3rd experimental – 220.4 kg, or 6.21 % (P &lt; 0.001), the 4th experimental – 242.0 kg, or 6.82 % (P &lt; 0.001) and the 5th experimental group and control – 116.3 kg, or 3.28 %. Different concentrations of mixed-ligand complexes of the studied micronutrients in the diets of dry and lactating cows differently affected their reproductive functions. One fertile insemination of each cow in the 1st control group required 2.8 inseminations, in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – 2.1; 1.9; 1.7 and 2.3 fertilization, which is 75.0 according to the control; 67.9; 60.7 and 82.1 %. Lower levels of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt led to positive dynamics in the physiological state of cows, stimulated their hunting and provided normal conditions for the processes of fertilization and embryo development in cows. The best effect on the milk productivity of cows and their reproductive functions had the following levels of trace elements in 1 kg of SR feed, mg: Zinc – 30; Manganese – 30; Cobalt – 0.38; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 9 and Iodine – 0.7. This concentration of trace elements was achieved due to their mixed-ligand complexes, and Copper – its sulfate, Iodine – potassium iodide, and Selenium – selenium Suplex.

THE EFFECT OF THE EXTRACT OF THE COLUMBER ON THE QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF MEAT CHICKEN-BROILERS

Studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the use of various doses of pharmaceutical substances based on the extract of a medicinal plant thyme on the quality indicators of broiler meat. The work was done in a broiler farm. Formed control and 5 experimental groups of day-old broiler chickens with 37 heads in each group. Chickens of the control group were fed the basic ration, broilers of the experimental groups additionally received a pharmaceutical substance obtained from the medicinal plant thyme in various doses: the 1–2 mg / kg, 2–4, the 3–6, 4–8, 5–10 mg / kg body weight daily. At the end of poultry rearing, the slaughter qualities of carcasses, the development of internal organs and the chemical composition of the pectoral muscle are determined. At the end of the study, the positive effect of thyme extract on the indicators of anatomical cutting of broiler chickens was established. In the 3th, 4th and 5th experimental groups, significant differences were found compared with the control group. Thyme extract did not have a negative impact on the development of the internal organs of broiler chickens. There are no significant differences in chemical composition and the amount of essential amino acids in the pectoral muscles of broilers.

The Digestibility of feed and productivity of young fattening pigs when using mixed-ligand complexes of copper

The balancing research has shown that there are certain changes in the body of young pigs for fattening under the infl uence of consumed feed and feed additives. During the balance experiment on pigs for fattening, the protein, fat and carbohydrate digestibility ratios and the nitrogen balance were studied. The digestibility and absorption of nutrients of the feed are infl uenced by many factors such as animal species, age, physiological state, feed type, method of retention, ratio and size of components, individual characteristics and others. The relationship between digestion and nutrient uptake in young pigs for fattening under the infl uence of Copper sulphate and the mixed-ligand complex of Copper added to the compound feed in diff erent quantities was investigated. The optimal dose of Copper in the compound feed for pig fattening pigs was established for feeding diff erent levels and sources of Copper. According to the results of the balance experiment, the best indices of the digestibility of nutrients were found in animals, the dose of the mixed-ligand complex of Copper in the compound feed was 21.2 g/t. With this dose of Copper chelate, the rate of digestibility of organic substances was 85.4 %, crude protein – 79.3 %, crude fat – 68.1 %, crude fi ber– 41.8 % and nitrogen-free extractives – 90.5 %, which exceeded control analogues, respectively, by 1.5%, 3.4; 2,7; 9.7 and 1.1 %. It was also found that the highest levels of Nitrogen uptake were observed in the animals of the experimental groups fed the Copper chelate in the amounts of 21.2 and 15.4 g/t respectively – 54.4 % and 54.3 %, respectively, by 9.9 % (p≤0.05) and 9.7 % higher compared to control animals. The impact of diff erent doses of mixed-ligand complex of Copper had an eff ect on the growth rates of animals, as evidenced by the results of live weight of pigs. The animals of the 4th and 5th experimental groups had the highest live weight, which fed the Copper bathrobe in the amount of 21.2 and 15.4 g/t of compound feed, which covered the Copper defi cit in the diet by 55 % and 40 %. Animals of these groups at the age of 150 days had a live weight of 2.3 % and 1.9 % more, respectively, compared to the same indicator in the control group. And at the age of 180 days pigs of the 4th experimental group were dominated by analogues of control by 3.8 %, and by 5th – by 3.3 %. Therefore, the results of the studies indicate a positive eff ect of the addition of organic-mineral origin of the mixed-ligand complex of Copper on the growth and development of young pigs on fattening. Key words: live weight, digestibility coeffi cient, pigs, fattening, organic substances, protein, fat, fi ber, Copper.