3D Scan Data Research Articles

A study of making a dress form for women using a 3D printer

In the Korean fashion industry, 3D printing systems are considered as new technology and a new opportunity. With 3D printers, consumers can be manufacturers and individuals can develop businesses with little upfront capital. In this study, a dress form for the typical Korean women`s body shape was developed using 3D technology (3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing). Ten women with apparel sizes 85-91-160 were selected from 3D body-scan data collected by SizeKorea of 201 women aged 25 to 34 (2010). First, 15 horizontal cross-sections were collected from the 3D scan data of the 10 subjects. Then, inside lines of those cross-sections were drawn at 15-degree intervals, and the lengths were measured. The average of the inside lines was connected to the internal spline curve, and the curves were used as the average cross-sections. The average torso body and the dress form of Korean women were developed into a 3D solid model using a 3D CAD program (Solidworks 2012). An output mockup was printed by the FDM type`s 3D printing system (Bonbot 1200, Bonbot 3-H4) using PLA material. The dimensions comparing the 3D solid modeling to the 3D printed mockup of the dress form were measured, and minor differences were between 0.00cm and 0.40cm. In the future, 3D printing systems are expected to be in use for various personalized dress forms.

Artificial Neural Networks as a powerful numerical tool to classify specific features of a tooth based on 3D scan data

Chairside manufacturing based on digital image acquisition is gainingincreasing importance in dentistry. For the standardized application of these methods, it is paramount to have highly automated digital workflows that can process acquired 3D image data of dental surfaces. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) arenumerical methods primarily used to mimic the complex networks of neural connections in the natural brain. Our hypothesis is that an ANNcan be developed that is capable of classifying dental cusps with sufficient accuracy. This bears enormous potential for an application in chairside manufacturing workflows in the dental field, as it closes the gap between digital acquisition of dental geometries and modern computer-aided manufacturing techniques.Three-dimensional surface scans of dental casts representing natural full dental arches were transformed to range image data. These data were processed using an automated algorithm to detect candidates for tooth cusps according to salient geometrical features. These candidates were classified following common dental terminology and used as training data for a tailored ANN.For the actual cusp feature description, two different approaches were developed and applied to the available data: The first uses the relative location of the detected cusps as input data and the second method directly takes the image information given in the range images. In addition, a combination of both was implemented and investigated.Both approaches showed high performance with correct classifications of 93.3% and 93.5%, respectively, with improvements by the combination shown to be minor.This article presents for the first time a fully automated method for the classification of teeththat could be confirmed to work with sufficient precision to exhibit the potential for its use in clinical practice,which is a prerequisite for automated computer-aided planning of prosthetic treatments with subsequent automated chairside manufacturing.

슬랙스 형태 적합성 평가의 정량적 평가 기준 설정

This study presents quantitative evaluation standards for the shape fitness test, conducted in the process of the slacks fit test. This study aims to quantify appearance sensory test of slacks for the objectification of qualitative evaluation methods in existing shape fitness tests. The subjects were women of standard body type between the ages of 18 and 24. Slacks differing in their ease in waist girth, hip girth, crotch length and knee length were designed to test their shape fitness. The gap volume distribution between the body and slack, angle of the baseline by body part, and ratio of total thickness from the sideline using 3D human body scan data (which reflect the results of the appearance sensory test) were presented as quantitative evaluation standards. There were less wrinkles in the wrinkle/overstretch and ease categories of the appearance sensory test; in addition, ease was adequate and small enough to comfortably perform basic human activities in the standing upright posture. The gap volume distribution analysis between body and slacks showed that curves increased in the slacks surface along with an increase of ease in slacks and suggested that wrinkles also increased. In the baseline's horizontal categories in terms of a <TEX>$0^{\circ}$</TEX> horizontal angle, the range of angles were evaluated as adequate by the clothing expert group. The total thickness ratio of 0.5:0.5 divides into the sideline from the baseline.

個人の身体に関する3Dスキャンデータと、その実物大3Dプリント品に対する鑑賞者の行動と考察：「i am」の制作を通して

個人の身体に関する3Dスキャンデータと、その実物大3Dプリント品に対する鑑賞者の行動と考察：「i am」の制作を通して

Facial expression recognition based on spatio-temporal interest points for depth sequences

Of the numerous facial expression recognition methods previously proposed, most are based on texture frames or sequences. Recently, the development of depth sensors has raised new possibilities of dealing with 3D data. The proposed method extracts histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) and optical flow (HOF) for STIPs directly from depth sequences rather than involving registration/deformation techniques to find correspondence in 3D scan data. Mutual information score (MIS) and weighted matching score (WMS) are, respectively, calculated on the basis of naïve-Bayes mutual information maximization and constrained matching pairs. Finally, the MIS and WMS results are concatenated into feature vectors which are then fed into a support vector machine for facial expression classification. The proposed method is applied to the public BU-4DFE (Binghamton University 4D Facial Expression) database for six different facial expressions: anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad and surprise. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method is simple but effective.

Anthropometric fit evaluation of firefighters' uniform pants: A sex comparison

This study identified anthropometric fit issues associated with a female firefighter's uniform pants. Eighteen firefighters (nine females and nine males) participated in a multidimensional fit assessment protocol, consisting of a subjective comfort survey, 3D body scanning, and exit interview. Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to compare sex differences in the survey and 3D scan data, along with descriptive and qualitative analyses. Female firefighters showed significantly lower survey ratings on overall satisfaction, perceived comfort, and performance of their turnout pants. Three-dimensional body scan data affirmed anatomical sex differences in baseline body measurements, and determined specific landmark areas that caused discomfort in female firefighters while wearing station and turnout pants. Interview data supported the findings from the quantitative measures. Results demonstrated that female firefighters experienced poorer fit and a higher level of discomfort with their uniform pants than male firefighters. The outcomes of this study suggest scientific evidence of the anthropometric fit problems associated with firefighter PPE, which is anticipated to help policymakers and the manufacturing industry enhance occupational safety regulations and improve fit and sizing systems especially for female firefighters who wear uniforms designed based on the male physique.

3D레이저스캐닝을 이용한 옥트리기반 구조물 형상정보 가시화

본 논문은 대형구조물의 형상관리를 위해 3D 레이저 스캐닝을 이용하여 옥트리기반 구조물 형상정보 가시화를 진행하였다. 이를 위해 3D스캔데이터를 옥트리 데이터 구조로 변환할 수 있는 프로세스를 정립하고, 메쉬기법과 래스터/백터변환 처리를 통해 점(point) 데이터가 2차원 면 형태를 거처 3D객체로 생성되는 프로세스를 진행하였다. 생성된 3D객체는 옥트리 데이터 구조로 전달할 수 있는 형식인 Binary file type로 변환하는 작업이 진행되었고, 변환된 Binary file을 옥트리 최상의 노드인 Root노드로 전달하였다. Root 노드를 시작으로 옥트리 내부에서의 세부분할 작업 후 내부노드 데이터 저장과 비어있는 영역제거를 통해 옥트리기반 구조물 형상정보모델을 구축하였다. 본 연구가 수행된 Test-bed는 성균관대학교 내에 위치한 강교량 구조물로, 구축된 옥트리기반 형상정보는 스캔데이터를 89.3% 압축하였으며 독일의 사무용빌딩, 대학캠퍼스와 미국 소재 단과대학건물 스캔데이터와의 비교를 통하여 옥트리 데이터 압축률을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 대형구조물 및 복층터널의 내부형상정보관리를 위한 형상정보 가시화의 기반을 마련하였으며, 형상정보 가시화를 통해 구조물 모니터링 및 유지관리 효율을 높일 수 있을 것이라 기대한다. This study presents the visualization of shape information based on Octree using 3D laser scanning. The process of visualization was established to construct the Octree structure from the 3D scan data. The scan data was converted to a 2D surface through the mesh technique and the surface was then converted to a 3D object through the Raster/Vector transformation. The 3D object was transmitted to the Octree Root Node and The shape information was constructed by the recursive partitioning of the Octree Root Node. The test-bed was selected as the steel bridge structure in Sungkyunkwan University. The shape information based on Octree was condensed into 89.3%. In addition, the Octree compressibility was confirmed to compare the shape information of the office building, a computer science campus in Germany and a New College in USA. The basis is created by the visualization of shape information for double-deck tunnel and it will be expected to improve the efficiency of structural health monitoring and maintenance.

Hip Protector Design Process for the Korean Elderly

This research aims to propose an ergonomic design process for hip protector based on previous studies, existing products, multidisciplinary experts opinion, and wearing test. The elderly are more likely to suffer a hip fracture when they fall due to their physical changes in skeletal form, muscle quantity, bone density, and joint movement. A hip protector is an effective product to prevent hip fractures in the elderly but it also has a problem in that it is uncomfortable. Therefore there is a high chance that it won't be able to prevent hip fractures properly. Since the comfort of a hip protector is one of the most critical elements in preventing a hip fracture, we need to keep improving the hip protector for mobility and usability. Based on the previous studies and limitations of current hip protector products, we need to come up with an optimal design for the Korean elderly. First, knowledge has to be built relating to the ergonomic design of the hip protector considering body shape and size analysis using 3D-scan data, and biomechanical analysis on hip fracture. Second, we need to develop a design process including hip protector pattern design, and wearing evaluation with virtual system. Third, we suggest to reevaluate and verify the design procedure from impact evaluation using testing simulator, virtual evaluation of impact, to wearing comfort and usability evaluation. This design process presented in this study would be expected to contribute to the development of ergonomic hip protector which is suitable for the Korean elderly.

Ergonomic 3D Pattern Development of Outdoor T-shirt for Men

In order to improve the activity and fit of outdoor T-shirt based on skin deformation caused by body movement, ergonomic design and pattern of outdoor T-shirt were developed. For completion of the design, we extended the results of previous study on the deformation of skin of upper body caused by movement. In addition, amount of change to skin in the axillary sites from the arm of the abduction angle depending on axilla were analyzed to expand the 3D human body scan data of the inner arm in a 2D pattern. The design of 3D ergonomic pattern included the activity amount in the armhole area. The virtual clothing simulation result indicated that the activities content of 3D pattern of less wrinkled bodice clothes occurred when arm abduction according to grant and ergonomics as well as strain of the clothes was small. In addition, it decreased in size from left and right up the hem height. The proposed ergonomic 3D pattern in this study improved activity without compromising fit.

Sci‐Sat AM: Radiation Dosimetry and Practical Therapy Solutions ‐ 07: A mould room in a box – 3D scanning and printing technology in the radiotherapy clinic

Purpose:We describe the process by which our centre is currently implementing 3D printing and scanning technology for treatment accessory fabrication. This technology can increase efficiency and accuracy of accessory design, production and placement during daily use.Methods:A low‐cost 3D printer and 3D optical scanner have been purchased and are being commissioned for clinical use. Commissioning includes assessing: the accuracy of the 3D scanner through comparison with high resolution CT images; the dosimetric characteristics of polylactic acid (PLA) for electron beams; the clinical utility of the technology, and; methods for quality assurance.Results:The agreement between meshes generated using the 3D scanner and CT data was within 2 millimeters for an anthropomorphic head phantom. In terms of electron beam attenuation, 1 centimetre of printed PLA was found equivalent to 1.17 cm of water. In proof‐of‐concept tests, several types of treatment accessories have been prototyped to date that will benefit from this technology. These include electron and photon bolus for areas with complex surface contours including the ear for electron treatments, the extremities for photon treatments and lead shielding for orthovoltage treatments. Imaging with CT and x‐ray showed minimal defects, which will have no significant clinical impact. Geometric fidelity and fit to volunteers and patients was found to be excellent.Conclusions:3D Printing and scanning can increase efficiency in the clinic for treatments requiring custom accessories. Customized boluses and shielding had excellent fit and reduced uncertainty in positioning.

Novel Anthropometry Based on 3D-Bodyscans Applied to a Large Population Based Cohort.

Three-dimensional (3D) whole body scanners are increasingly used as precise measuring tools for the rapid quantification of anthropometric measures in epidemiological studies. We analyzed 3D whole body scanning data of nearly 10,000 participants of a cohort collected from the adult population of Leipzig, one of the largest cities in Eastern Germany. We present a novel approach for the systematic analysis of this data which aims at identifying distinguishable clusters of body shapes called body types. In the first step, our method aggregates body measures provided by the scanner into meta-measures, each representing one relevant dimension of the body shape. In a next step, we stratified the cohort into body types and assessed their stability and dependence on the size of the underlying cohort. Using self-organizing maps (SOM) we identified thirteen robust meta-measures and fifteen body types comprising between 1 and 18 percent of the total cohort size. Thirteen of them are virtually gender specific (six for women and seven for men) and thus reflect most abundant body shapes of women and men. Two body types include both women and men, and describe androgynous body shapes that lack typical gender specific features. The body types disentangle a large variability of body shapes enabling distinctions which go beyond the traditional indices such as body mass index, the waist-to-height ratio, the waist-to-hip ratio and the mortality-hazard ABSI-index. In a next step, we will link the identified body types with disease predispositions to study how size and shape of the human body impact health and disease.

Automatic registration of MLS point clouds and SfM meshes of urban area

Recent advances in 3D scanning technologies allow us to acquire accurate and dense 3D scan data of large-scale environments efficiently. Currently, there are various methods for acquiring large-scale 3D scan data, such as Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS), Airborne Laser Scanning, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, photogrammetry and Structure from Motion (SfM). Especially, MLS is useful to acquire dense point clouds of road and road-side objects, and SfM is a powerful technique to reconstruct meshes with textures from a set of digital images. In this research, a registration method of point clouds from vehicle-based MLS (MLS point cloud), and textured meshes from the SfM of aerial photographs (SfM mesh), is proposed for creating high-quality surface models of urban areas by combining them. In general, SfM mesh has non-scale information; therefore, scale, position, and orientation of the SfM mesh are adjusted in the registration process. In our method, first, 2D feature points are extracted from both SfM mesh and MLS point cloud. This process consists of ground- and building-plane extraction by region growing, random sample consensus and least square method, vertical edge extraction by detecting intersections between the planes, and feature point extraction by intersection tests between the ground plane and the edges. Then, the corresponding feature points between the MLS point cloud and the SfM mesh are searched efficiently, using similarity invariant features and hashing. Next, the coordinate transformation is applied to the SfM mesh so that the ground planes and corresponding feature points are adjusted. Finally, scaling Iterative Closest Point algorithm is applied for accurate registration. Experimental results for three data-sets show that our method is effective for the registration of SfM mesh and MLS point cloud of urban areas including buildings.

Finding of Correction Factor and Dimensional Error in Bio-AM Model by FDM Technique

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the swift manufacturing process, in which input data can be provided from various sources like 3-Dimensional (3D) Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and 3D scanner data. From the CT/MRI data can be manufacture Biomedical Additive Manufacturing (Bio-AM) models. The Bio-AM model gives a better lead on preplanning of oral and maxillofacial surgery. However manufacturing of the accurate Bio-AM model is one of the unsolved problems. The current paper demonstrates error between the Standard Triangle Language (STL) model to Bio-AM model of dry mandible and found correction factor in Bio-AM model with Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique. In the present work dry mandible CT images are acquired by CT scanner and supplied into a 3D CAD model in the form of STL model. Further the data is sent to FDM machine for fabrication of Bio-AM model. The difference between Bio-AM to STL model dimensions is considered as dimensional error and the ratio of STL to Bio-AM model dimensions considered as a correction factor. This correction factor helps to fabricate the AM model with accurate dimensions of the patient anatomy. These true dimensional Bio-AM models increasing the safety and accuracy in pre-planning of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The correction factor for Dimension SST 768 FDM AM machine is 1.003 and dimensional error is limited to 0.3 %.

Characteristics and Utility of 3D Scandata for the Development of Survey Drawings in Wooden Architectural Heritage: A Comparison of the Raw Survey Data Used in Survey Drawings

3D scandata have become increasingly popular for the preparation of survey drawings in wooden architectural heritage. The objective of this study was to identify the pros and cons and characteristics of 3D scandata. Along with survey record sheets and photographs, 3D scandata are raw survey data that are produced directly on-site. These raw survey data are then further processed in an office in order to be used as survey drawings. Among those three items, 3D scandata most notably convey the overall shape, location, and dimension of the heritage, while also providing accurate measurements allowing for more accurate survey drawings. However, 3D scandata are somewhat limited in that they do not provide certain information such as colors, materials, and coupling schemes. 3D scandata are obtained in the field, but are usually processed and screened in an office. Some of the 3D scandata are selected to make survey drawings. Therefore, they can serve as useful complements to other types of raw survey data. Furthermore, 3D scandata are beneficial to the tracing of changes in structures, and can also be used for maintenance management and the development of BIMs. In essence, surveyors are required to perform 3D scanning, as 3D scandata can enhance the accuracy of survey drawings and are utilizable in other valuable ways.

3D Scanner-Based Corn Seed Modeling

<abstract> <b><sc>Abstract. </sc></b>Corn seed simulation modeling plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of corn production. Current research on corn seed modeling focuses on the development of 3D particle modeling methods. For efficient and precise modeling, on more corn seeds, in this article, a 3D scanner is introduced in the modeling method. Specifically, a combination of manual eight-sphere filling and automated spherical particle filling based on 3D scanner data is employed to build a long-range, simple 228-corn-seed discrete element analysis model. When compared with existing modeling methods, this model exhibits significantly improved precision and efficiency. In addition, simulation and analysis are performed on a typical agricultural corn facility (seed-metering device) to verify the feasibility of the proposed modeling method.

Using subject-specific three-dimensional (3D) anthropometry data in digital human modelling: case study in hand motion simulation

Digital human modelling enables ergonomists and designers to consider ergonomic concerns and design alternatives in a timely and cost-efficient manner in the early stages of design. However, the reliability of the simulation could be limited due to the percentile-based approach used in constructing the digital human model. To enhance the accuracy of the size and shape of the models, we proposed a framework to generate digital human models using three-dimensional (3D) anthropometric data. The 3D scan data from specific subjects’ hands were segmented based on the estimated centres of rotation. The segments were then driven in forward kinematics to perform several functional postures. The constructed hand models were then verified, thereby validating the feasibility of the framework. The proposed framework helps generate accurate subject-specific digital human models, which can be utilised to guide product design and workspace arrangement.Practitioner Summary: Subject-specific digital human models can be constructed under the proposed framework based on three-dimensional (3D) anthropometry. This approach enables more reliable digital human simulation to guide product design and workspace arrangement.

한국 청소년의 대표 인체치수 및 3D 인체형상자료에 관한 연구

3D body scan data are used widely in various fields to make products and living spaces for superior human body fitness. Based on the 3D measurements of human bodies for teens in Size Korea 2013, this research provides a way of finding the representative body sizes and 3D body scan data. First, a multi-dimensional vector space consisting of many measurement items was projected onto a 2D vector space with circumference and length components via factor analysis. The representative body sizes and 3D scan data close to these values were obtained via the Mahalanobis distance in 2D space. Considering the adolescent growth pattern shown on this 2D space, males were divided into 4 age groups and females were divided into 3 age groups. Using the eigenbodies corresponding to the column vectors of the component score coefficient matrix, the representative body sizes of 13 measurement items (male) and 14 measurement items (female) for each age group were calculated. The representative body sizes and 3D scan data are very useful for modeling representative 3D human figures.

3D 발 스캐너와 3D 프린터를 이용한 남성화 라스트 설계

구두를 제작하는 기본 틀인 라스트는 3차원 형상과 관련된 정보와 기술이 총체적으로 집약된 결과물이다. 해외에서는 이미 3D 프틴팅 기술을 이용한 구두 제작이 상용화 단계에 도달하였으나, 국내에서는 아직 도입 초기 단계이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 제화산업의 경쟁력 확대를 위해, 3D 스캐닝, 3D 모델링, 3D 프린팅의 첨단 기술로 구성된 3D 제작 프로세스를 라스트 제작에 도입하였다. 이를 위해, 2010년도 SizeKorea에서 3D 스캔한 30대 남성 200명의 3D 발 형상을 사용하여, 요인분석, 군집분석을 실시하고, 3개의 발 유형을 분류한 후, 각 유형별 대표모델을 선정하였다. 대표모델들의 3D 스캐닝 형상에서 XY, YZ, XZ평면의 단면도들을 추출하고, 라스트 모델링의 스케치 단면으로 사용하였다. Solidworks CAD를 사용하여 라스트를 3D 모델링하였으며, 보급형 3D 프린터인 MakerBot Replicator2로 3D 프린팅 하였다. 본 연구 결과는 국내 제화산업에서 3D 프린팅 기술의 상용 가능성을 보여주었다. 3D 스캐닝, 3D 모델링, 3D 프린팅의 3단계 생산설계 방식은 향후 의류패션산업 전 분야에서 폭넓게 사용될 것으로 기대된다. The shoe last which is the framework for the shoemaking is intensively combined with the 3D data and technologies. International shoe companies have already commercialized 3D printing technology in producing the shoe, but domestic shoe companies are still in their early stages. This study used the 3D scanning, 3D modeling and 3D printing of the high-technology to make the shoe last. This 3D producing processes should be helpful in building competitiveness in domestic shoe industry. The 3D foot scanning data of men in 30s(n=200) were collected in SizeKorea(2010). The basic statistics, factor and cluster analysis were performed. They were categorized in 3 groups by 3D foot measurement data, and the standard models were selected in each group. The cross sections in XY, YZ and XZ planes sliced from 3D scan data of the standard model were used in the sketches of the 3D shoe last modeling. The 3D shoe last was modeled by Solidworks CAD and printed by MakerBot Replicator2; a desktop 3D printer. This research showed the potential for utilization of 3D printing technology in the domestic shoe industry. The 3D producing process; 3D scanning, 3D modeling and 3D printing is expected to utilized widely in the fashion industry within the nearest future.

한국 노인의 3D 인체특성 분석을 통한 Hip protector 치수체계 수립 및 입체패턴 설계

This study aimed to develop an optimal sizing system and a draping pattern for hip protector based on an analysis of anthropometric characteristics of Korean older women. A hip protector is a specialized form of pants or underwear containing pads along the outside of each hip. The 3D body scan data of Korean older women were analyzed to identify their anthropometric characteristics and a four-size system with 93% of population accommodation was developed by clustering analysis based on key dimensions derived from factor analysis. The sizing system consists of small/short, large/short, small/tall, and large/tall. A 3D physical model and hip pads were fabricated; then, a hip protector was draped on the 3D model and hip pads. The sizing system of hip protector was analyzed in terms of size and shape and a draping pattern was compared on back center, back side, front side, front center and pad. Lastly, the pattern deformation and clothing pressure were analyzed using the virtual clothing system CLO. Virtual system have disadvantage of not to suggest the objective value. In the future research the wearing comfort and impact absorption of the hip protector needs to be tested and then a hip protector design will be finalized by considering the hip protector's size, material, comfort testing results, aesthetic appeal, protection effectiveness, and practical utility of everyday use.

3D Body Scanning Data를 활용한 중년 남성용 슬림 핏(Slim-fit) 드레스 셔츠 바디스 패턴개발연구

Abstract The study performed a comparison analysis of market brand patterns for slim-fit dress shirts and analyzedthe body surface development figure of men in their 40s using 3D body scan data and developed slim-fitdress shirt patterns suitable for middle-aged men. The sizes of slim-fit dress shirt patterns showed a slightdifference depending on brand. The overlap map of slim-fit dress shirt patterns for brands demonstrates howdifference of one-dimensional sizes reflect on two-dimensional patterns. This map provides useful informa-tion for pattern design and allows and easy recognition of pattern size differences. A try-on system evalua-tion through 3D-Simulation allows a grasp of the fitness of neckline and size tolerance of under the arms infront, the silhouette of side lines, and overall fitness in front that also allows analysis of the front/back bal-ance of a shirt in side, the size tolerance proportion in front/back, and the fitness of the arm-hole line. Thus,we obtained try-on results that were equivalent to wearing actual clothing. According to the drafting sizesuggested in the developed final pattern, the total width was ‘C/2+5.5cm’, and the front was set at 1cm big-ger in the size difference of the front and back. The width of the front neck and the back neck was set iden-tically at ‘C/12’, while the width of the front neck was set to ‘C/12+1.5cm’. For the armhole depth, weadded ‘C/4+2cm’, and ‘0.5cm and 1.5cm’ for the width of the front and back to anthropometry. The resultsof the try-on evaluation through 3D-Simulation indicated that the fitness of the final slim-fit dress shirt pat-tern was superior to available slim-fit dress shirt patterns on the market and evaluated as superior to thetypes for middle-aged men.Key words: Middle-aged males, The overlap map of slim-fit dress shirt patterns, 3D body scanning data,Body surface development figure; 중년 남성, 슬림 핏 드레스 셔츠 패턴중합도, 3차원 인체스캔데이터, 체표전개도